2020高考英語(yǔ) 最后30天語(yǔ)法精講 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)

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1、2020;2020高考英語(yǔ) 最后30天語(yǔ)法精講 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)的綜合問(wèn)題 在說(shuō)或?qū)懸痪湓挄r(shí)，通常要選擇一個(gè)中心時(shí)態(tài)，這個(gè)中心時(shí)態(tài)影響其它時(shí)態(tài) ，即時(shí)態(tài)要前后一致。 以“現(xiàn)在”為中心：若開(kāi)始敘述或描述著眼于“現(xiàn)在”，則常以“現(xiàn)在”為起點(diǎn)，從而會(huì)出現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用的情況。 Our postman usually delivers our arrival at 7 every morning. It (be) nearly lunchtime and the mail still (not arrive). I (supp

2、ose) the mail (come) soon. Perhaps he (be) ill. (is, hasn’t arrived, suppose, will come, is 以“過(guò)去”為中心：若著眼于“過(guò)去”，則常以“過(guò)去某時(shí)”為基點(diǎn)，從而出現(xiàn)一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的情況。 We lived in the street. They (build) houses all around us then. We (be) there for 10 years and (imagine) we

3、 (stay) there for the rest of our lives. (were building, had been, imagined, would stay) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1、所有或任何時(shí)候都發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，即重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 --- How often does she visit her parents? --- Twice a month. 2、永恒的真理 Summer follows spring. 3、 ①在條件或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中 I’ll let you know as soon as he

4、 gets there. ②討論計(jì)劃和時(shí)間表或日程表時(shí) We leave at 11:15 and arrive at 17:50 tomorrow. 4、固定詞組如 I see（明白）、I hear（聽(tīng)說(shuō)）、I think（認(rèn)為、想）、 I feel（感覺(jué)）以引出已經(jīng)了解的情況 I see there’s some trouble in London. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1、說(shuō)話時(shí)正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或情況 Someone’s knocking at the door. Can you answer it? 2、發(fā)展中的或正在改變的情況 The weather is ge

5、tting better and better. 3、任何時(shí)候都可能在進(jìn)行中的事情 I don’t like to be disturbed if I’m working. You look lovely when you’re smiling. 4、表示將來(lái) ①可用下列詞：go, come, arrive, leave, start He’s arriving tomorrow morning. ②通過(guò)一個(gè)表示將來(lái)的的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) What are you doing this evening? 5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的對(duì)比 ①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來(lái)談?wù)摃簳r(shí)的情況，一

6、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來(lái)表示永久的情況，或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情或習(xí)慣 He’s not working very hard at the moment. （目前工作不努力） He doesn’t work very hard. （通常工作不努力） ②講故事、評(píng)論事情、解說(shuō)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)等用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)敘述故事中一件又一件發(fā)生的事情 Harrison shoots, but the ball hits the post and Jackson clear. （哈里森射門(mén)，但是球碰倒柱子上，接著杰克遜解了圍） 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 1、用will, shall 表示 ①?zèng)Q定：談及正在作出的一項(xiàng)決定時(shí)，常

7、用I’ll----I will，不能用be going to ,因?yàn)樗硎臼孪染鸵呀?jīng)作出的決定 ---The phone’s ringing. ---I’ll answer it. ---Come to a party. ---OK. I’ll bring my friend. ②威脅和允諾：第一人稱(chēng)用will (‘ll)；第二人稱(chēng)用shall I’ll hit you if you do that again. He shall have a gift for Christmas. ③提議和請(qǐng)求：用Shall I …?/Shall we…?表示提議； 用Will you

8、…?表示請(qǐng)求 Shall I carry your bag? Will you give me a hand? ④I will/ We will 表示有強(qiáng)烈意圖、提議、堅(jiān)持或自愿做某事； 不能用shall I will stop smoking---I really will. 2、用 be going to 表示 ①已經(jīng)決定要做的事情 We’re going to France next summer. ②現(xiàn)在肯定講會(huì)發(fā)生的事情 Look at those clouds---it’s going to rain. ③強(qiáng)烈的決心 I’m going to keep

9、asking her out until she says yes. 3、用be about to do sth 表示最近的將來(lái)，“正要”，“馬上就要” I am about to leave when there is a knock at the door. 4、用be to do sth表示預(yù)定要做的事情 The French President is to visit Japan next week 5、be going to 與 will / shall 的對(duì)比 ①都可以表示預(yù)言 Do you think the car will start / is go

10、ing to start? ②講到條件時(shí)（即如果一事發(fā)生，另一事也就發(fā)生），用will / shall 對(duì)將來(lái)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，不用be going to ，即使條件沒(méi)有說(shuō)出來(lái) If I give you money you’ll only spend it on drink. ---Come out for a drink. ---No, my TV program. A. I’m going to miss B. I’ll miss (B) 6、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的情況（見(jiàn)前面） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1、開(kāi)始

11、于過(guò)去并將持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常與下列詞連用：for…, since…, recently, lately, so far, all this year, up till now, etc. I’ve planted 14 trees so far this morning. ---How are you today? ---Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time. A. didn’t feel B. don’t feel C. wasn’t feeling D. haven’t felt (D)

12、 (NMET 2000) 2、在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但與現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系，因?yàn)槲覀兯P(guān)心的是“現(xiàn)在”還存在著“過(guò)去”發(fā)生某事的結(jié)果，常和下列詞連用：ever（問(wèn)句或肯定句)，already(肯定句), never(否定句),yet(問(wèn)句或否定句),before --- my glasses? ---Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen (NMET86) (D

13、) eg. 1)--Have you passed your test ? --Yes. --When did you pass it? --(I passed it) Last week. 2) —Have you passed your test? --Not yet. --When will you pass it? -- Next week. 對(duì)比： Have you seen this film? （曾經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)） Did you see this film ? （某特定時(shí)間） 3、可表示反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性，常與often, three times

14、等詞連用 I’ve watched him on TV several times. 4、終止性動(dòng)詞可用完成時(shí)，但不能和for, how long 等時(shí)間詞連用，此時(shí)常用替換詞 This film has begun How long has this film been on? begin borrow come die be on keep be here be dead join buy leave be in have be away 5、其它和

15、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞: just, in (within) the past (last) + 時(shí)間段； 對(duì)比： He has just fallen downstairs. He fell downstairs just now. 6、特殊結(jié)構(gòu) ①This is the first (most / only ) + n. + that-clause This is the best film I have ever seen. ②It’s + 時(shí)間段+ since-clause (從句用過(guò)去時(shí)） It’s two years since he

16、died. He has been dead for two years. He died two years ago. 7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)到未來(lái)或仍在進(jìn)行. I’ve written an article. （已完成） I’ve been writing an article. （還在寫(xiě)） 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1、過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作、結(jié)束的事情，或在過(guò)去重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 When I was a child we always went to the seaside in August. 2、used

17、 to :表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，現(xiàn)在不存在 I used to smoke, but I don’t any more. 3、用在it’s time, would rather, wish后面的從句中 It’s time you went home. I wish I had a better memory. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 4、在從句中用來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在還存在著“過(guò)去”的情況 I’m sorry we left Paris. It was such a nice place. 5、could, might, would, shou

18、ld等“過(guò)去”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)指現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái) Could you help me for a moment ? I think it might rain soon. Would you come this way, please ? Alice should be here soon. 6、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上的比較 ①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所用的時(shí)間詞: since, ever since, for…, recently, lately, so far, yet, all this year, all my life, ever, never, already, befo

19、re, just, in / during the last /past + 時(shí)間段, etc. ②一般過(guò)去時(shí)所用的時(shí)間詞 yesterday, last week, in 1999, when, years ago, then, just now, etc. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1、過(guò)去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情 What were you doing yesterday at seven p. m. ? 2、在一個(gè)句子里，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，此時(shí)，進(jìn)行時(shí)表示較長(zhǎng)的正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般時(shí)表示較短暫的動(dòng)作或事情 The phone rang while I was havi

20、ng my bath. When she arrived, I was telephoning Harry. When she arrived, I telephoned Harry. (到后做) The reporter said that the UFO was traveling to west when he saw it. 3、可用while強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩種或幾種動(dòng)作 While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking dinner. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) １、從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看未來(lái)，常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中或間接

21、引語(yǔ)中 Last week he (promise) that (come) today, but he (not arrive) yet. (promised / would come / hasn’t arrived ) 2、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其它主要形式 　was / were going to was / were about to We were just going to ( about to ) leave when Tom fell and hurt his ankle. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)

22、 １、過(guò)去發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí) With their help I realized that I had been wrong. 2、過(guò)去某時(shí)以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況 　　He hasn’t finished yet. He didn’t finish yesterday evening. He hadn’t finished by yesterday evening. 3、常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的情況 ?、貼o sooner…than…. Hardly…when… No sooner had he begun his speech than he was

23、 interrupted ②expect, hope, think, want, suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)（或一般時(shí)）表示想做而未做的事 I had planned to send him a telegram, but I didn’t manage it. 4、使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的必要性和非必要性 　 ①句意十分清楚時(shí)，可用一般時(shí) After I finished, I went home. 　 ②常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示依次發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 I got out of the taxi, paid the fare（車(chē)費(fèi)) and managed it. ?、塾袝r(shí)必須明確

24、，特別是含when時(shí) 　 When I arrived, Ann left. 　　　　 (同時(shí)見(jiàn)到）（見(jiàn)到Ann) 　 When I arrived, Ann had left. 　　　　 （先后發(fā)生）（沒(méi)見(jiàn)到） 5、常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間主狀語(yǔ) 　 by the end of +　過(guò)去時(shí)間 ； by + 過(guò)去時(shí)間 by the time + 過(guò)去時(shí)間；　過(guò)去時(shí)間 + before 比較： By the time he was 11, he had learned 3000 words . By the time he is 11,

25、 he will have learned 3000 words. By the time last week, I had learned 3000 words. By the time next week, I will have learned 3000 words 語(yǔ) 態(tài) １、含有被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞 　 sell wash write read The new type (of ) TV receiver sells well. This book reads interesting. The pen wri

26、tes quite smoothly. This (kind of) cloth washes very well. This cloth is washed. (洗好了） ２、常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞 　　 be born be married be obliged be hurt be caught in the rain be covered with I was caught in the rain on the way back. ３、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的情況 　 ①知覺(jué)動(dòng)詞　＋ adj. The material

27、feels very soft. The music sounds too loud. ②非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞　 A. need want require be worth Your coat wants mending ( to be mended). B. Subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.) The chair is comfortable to sit on ★ be to blame (該受責(zé)備） 　 C. There be There are six letters to write (to be written).

28、③ prove　 -vi.　?。ū唬┳C明是 He will prove (to be) the winner. ４、get + p. p. She got caught in the rain. From then on, her leg got treated four times a day. 5、（人）+ be + 情感動(dòng)詞-ed be surprised (astonished, etc. ) at (with ….) His words astonished everyone in the room. → Everyone was astonished at

29、 his words. be delighted at (with); be pleased at (by, with ); be tired of (from); be satisfied with; be worried about; be interested in; be frightened ( terrified) at ６、自動(dòng)和它動(dòng) 　很多動(dòng)詞既可以用vt.　又可以用vi, 但要注意： The door opened ( by itself). The door was opened. The village since we l

30、ast visited it. A. has changed B. has been changed (A) The planned has been changed. 7、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) + by (with) + 行為主體 　 by 后接人或物做某事 　with 后接手段、方式、工具 　　 He was killed by a falling stone He was killed with a knife. ８、注意下列被動(dòng)形式 ①be being done ② have been done ③ be going to be

31、 The bridge is said to be being built. The bridge is said to have been built. EXERCISES 1 1. --Nancy is not coming tonight. --But she ! A. promised B. promises C. will promise D. had promised 2. They the train until it disappeared in the distance. A. saw B. watch

32、ed C. noticed D. observed 3. it with me and I’ll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 4.Shirley a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. was writing D. ha

33、d written 5.Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour. A. pay B. paid C. paying D. to pay 6. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. had been working 1—6 (ABDCBB) C. was working D. had worked 7.

34、 him and then try to copy what he does. A. Watch B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Mind 8. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 9. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired. --I am tired. I the living room. all day.

35、 A. painted B. had painted C. have been painted D. have painted 10. --Is this raincoat yours ? --No, mine there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung 11.--Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday ? --I , but I had an unexpe

36、cted visitor. 7-12 (ABCCCD) A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 12. --Who is Jerry Cooper ? -- ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you m

37、et him yet 13. Visitors not to touch the exhibits. A. request B. are requested C. will request D. are requesting 14. –You’ve left the light on. --Oh, so I have, and turn it off. A. I’m going B. I’ll go C. I go D. I’ve gone 15. --Do you think the STARS will beat the

38、 BULLS? --Yes. They have better players, so I them to win. A. hope B. expect C. prefer D. want 16. –Hey, look where you are going ! – Oh, I’m terribly sorry. . A. I’m not noticing B. I haven’t noticed C. I wasn’t noticing D. I don’t notice 1

39、7. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have take 18. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down 13-18 (BBBCAC) C. has gone down D. was going down 19. Books of

40、 this kind well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 20.--Why haven’t you bought any butter? -- I to but I forgot about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected 21. A new cinema here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be bui

41、lt B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 22.Have a good rest, you need to your energy for the tennis match this afternoon. A. leave B. save C. hold D. get 23. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon to his old way. A. returned B. will return C. was r

42、eturning 24. --You ‘re drinking too much. --Only at home. No one me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw 19-24(ACDBAC) 25. As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends. A. lost B. spared C. separated D. missed

43、26. Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does his boss. A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports 27. All the preparations for the task , and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed

44、 D. have been completed 28. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 29. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new yea

45、r. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 30. The new suspension bridge by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 25-30(CBDADB) 31. Time will whether

46、I made the right choice or not. A. see B. say C. know D. tell 32. The rubber plantation as far as the river. A. advances B. extends C. lies D. develops 33. He came to my class every week, but his attitude he was not really interested in the subject.

47、 A. expressed B. described C. explained D. suggested 34. E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 35. Mother told Jim to the milk until it boiled and then turn off the ga

48、s. A. observe B. watch C. notice D. glance 31-36(DBDABD) 36. The manager has to improve the working conditions in the company. A. accepted B. allowed C. permitted D. agreed 37. In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar. A. is serving

49、 B. is served C. serves D. served 38.I don’t think Jim saw me; he into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 39. --Can I join your club, Dad ? --You can when you a bit older. A. get B. will have got C

50、. will get D. will have got 40.I don’t really work here, I until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 41.--Can I help you, sir ? --Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it .

51、 A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work 42. As she the newspaper, Granny asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading, fell C. was reading, was falling D. read, fell 37-42(BBACDB) 43. Tom into the house when no one . A. slipp

52、ed; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked 44. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 45. --Your phone number again ? I quite catch it. --It’s 9

53、568427. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t 46. --I’m sorry to keep you waiting. --Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was 47. The pen I I is on my desk right under my nose. A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. th

54、ink; had lost D. thought; have lost 48.Helen her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband home. A. had left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would 43-48(ABAABC) 49. You don’t need to describe her. I her severa

55、l times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 50. When Jack arrived he learned Mary for about an hour. A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away 51. --How long watch other before they married ? --For about a year. A. did they know; were g

56、oing to get B. have they known; get C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got 52. --Do you know our town at all ? --No, this is the first time I here. A. was B. am going C. came D. have been 53.-- the sports meet might be put off. --yes, it al

57、l depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told 54. --Have you moved into the new house? --Not yet. The rooms . A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 49-54 (BDDDAA) EXERCI

58、SE 2 （改錯(cuò)，每句一錯(cuò)，可根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)增減若干詞） 1.Remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you will write to me. 2. By the time he leaves Beijing, he had received 889 letters. 3. She was a bit nervous as she has never spoke in public. 4.--Did Mr. Baker go to Japan last year? --No, he’d never been t

59、here. 5. The last time I have seen Jane she was picking cotton in the field. 6. If you don’t come to the office, I’ll go to your house and will find out why you are not at work. 7. Hello! I don’t know you were in London. How long have you been here ? 8. --When will he come again? --When

60、 he will come, I’ll let you know. 9. Tom fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurted himself 10. It isn’t long before such a thing happens again. 11. He has been to the West Lake twice in 1996. 12. Who is coming to school earliest in your class every morning? 13. --How did you like the f

61、ilm? --I never saw such a wonderful one. 14.The key to my car was missing. I have looked for it everywhere 15. We’ll come to any decision until we will have a chance to discuss the problem thoroughly. 16. Don’t get that ink on your shirt , for it doesn’t wash out. 17. The scientists had been to

62、 Australia and he will give us a talk when he comes back. 18. While you rest, I will read you today’s newspaper. 19.In the past three years, he had visited the country five times. 20.Look at this ! I was going through some old photos and find this baby picture. 21. I wanted to help you but could

63、n’t get there in time. 22. Whenever I visit him, he works in the lab. 23. Textbooks required to come in time. 24.By the end of next July this task will have finished. 25. Come and sit down by the fire, Your hand is felt so cold. 26. The harder you will work, the greater progress you make. 27.

64、The book was received so eagerly that it sold out on the first day. 28. Jackson was wanting to work in a factory though he hated serving there. 29. --Did you enjoy last night’s concert? --Yes, though the last piece played rather poorly. 30. The Anti-Japanese War was broken out in 1937 and it la

65、sted eight years. 31. Great changes have been taken place in our city, and some schools have been set up. 1.you write to me 2. left Beijing 3. she had never 4. he’s never been 5. I saw Jane 6. and find out 7. I didn’t know 8. When he comes 9. hurt himself 10. It won’t

66、be long 11. He went to 12. Who comes to 13. I have never seen 14. is missing 15. we have a 16. for it won’t wash 17. has gone to 18. you are resting 19. he has visited 20. and found this 21. I had wanted to 22. he is working 23. are required 24. been finished 25. feels so 26. you work 27. was sold out 28. was wanted to 29. was played 30. War broke out 31. have taken place