2020高考英語 最后30天語法精講 非謂語動詞

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1、2020;2020高考英語 最后30天語法精講 非謂語動詞 動詞不定式 一、不定式在句子中的作用 主語 A. It is(was) + adj.(n.) + to do sth B. It + vt. + n.(pron.) + to do sth It’s often difficult for me to decided what to do . It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 表語 A. 表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動作或未來的可能性或假設(shè) B. 說明主語的內(nèi)容 C. 用于正式的指示或命令 He

2、is to return from Paris tomorrow. My job is to wash plates. Three tablets are to be taken twice a day. 賓語 A. 接動詞不定式做賓語(afford, agree, decide, expect, happen, hope, wish, refuse, etc.) They expected to see the boss soon. B. Subj. + vt. + it + adj.(n.) to do sth. Do you consider it bette

3、r not to go ? 賓語補足語 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： Subj. + vt. + sb. + to do sth. (allow, ask, order, want, expect, force, etc) They expected the girl to succeed in the examination. 狀語 表示目的、結(jié)果和原因等 We live to serve the people. Let’s hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. What have I said to make you so e

4、xcited ? We jumped with joy to hear the news. 定語 A. 動賓關(guān)系(不定式修飾的詞是不定式動作邏 輯上的賓語) Do you have anything more to say? (n. + to do.) There is nothing to worry about. (n. + to vi + prep.) Let’s find a room to put the bike in. (n. + to vt+ n. +p.) We haven’t a chair to be seated in. (n

5、.+ to be v-ed +p.) I have a letter to write. I have a pen to write with. I have no ink to write in. I have no paper to write on. B. 主謂關(guān)系(不定式修飾的詞是不定式邏輯上的主語) He isn’t a man to bow before difficulties. She was the first person to think of the idea. C.純粹定語 (被修飾詞通常是time, way等） It’s

6、time to go home. Is that the best way to solve the problem? 二、TO代替整個動詞不定式 當動詞不定式重復(fù)前面的某個動詞時，可以使用to代替，而省略該動詞。 I went there because I wanted to (go). I don’t dance much now, but I used to (dance) a lot. Anyone who wants to (go for a walk) can go for a walk round Aswan. 三、“TO”的省略 ①感覺動詞、使役動

7、詞后面的 to 常省略，但是被動語態(tài)中的 to 不能省略 ② 兩個動詞不定式由 and、or、but、 than、except 等連接在一起時，第 二個不定式常常省略 to I’d like to lie down and go to sleep. I’ll do anything but work on a farm. Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later? It’s easier to persuade people than (to) force them. ③ 口語中，在come、go、run、hurry up等

8、動詞后，可用and代替表示目 的的動詞不定式 Come and have a drink. Would you go and tell them to shut up? ④ had better (not ) do sth. ⑤ would rather do sth (than do sth) He’d rather watch TV than go to see a film. ⑥ prefer to do sth rather than do sth Rather than wait, he prefers to go home on foot. ⑦ Why (n

9、ot) do sth? 四、動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ① for sb to do sth It’s a mistake for us not to help them. The coffee was too hot for me to drink. ②It’s + adj. + of sb to do sth (kind, nice, brave, stupid, clever, etc.) It’s kind of you to think so much of me. 五、be + adj. + to do (sth) ① be +

10、v-ed + to do sth I was very pleased to see you yesterday. ② subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.) (不定式邏輯上的賓語是句子主語) The question is easy to answer. She’s nice to talk to. It’s not a bad place to live in. 六、enough， too，so as to 等 ① adj. + enough (for sb) to do sth He isn’t old enough t

11、o go to school. ② too… (for sb) to do sth The apple is too high for us to pick. NOTICE: I’m too glad to see you. He’s too ready to help you. ③ so as (not) to do sth. / in order (not) to do I got up early in order not to be late. He worked hard so as not to fail the exam. ④ so …as to d

12、o sth Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 七、動詞不定式的時態(tài) ① 不定式與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或不定式后發(fā)生，動詞不定式用一般時態(tài)。 They invited us to go there next week. ② 動詞不定式先于謂語動作發(fā)生，動詞不定式用完成時態(tài)。 He’s said to have written a new novel. I’m sorry not to have come on Wednesday. ③ 謂語動作發(fā)生時，不定式動作正在進行，動詞不定式用進行式。 They’re said

13、 to be building a bridge. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 八、動詞不定式的被動式 ①含被動的一般情況 She ought to be told about it. Nothing seems to have been forgotten. This form is to be filled in in ink. ② there be后可用主動的或被動的動詞不定式 There’s a lot of work to do (to be done). ③ to be seen, to be found等常用在 be 之后 He was nowhere to be seen ( found). ④ to blame常用于表示被動的意思“受責怪” Nobody was to blame for the accident.