2020年高考英語總復習知識點精講精析與高考試題預測 Unit 8 First aid 人教版大綱第二冊
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1、第二冊 Unit 8 First aid I.單元知識點全覽 工欲善其事 必先利其器 高考須掌握的詞匯:1.blood 2.contain 3.electricity 4.wounded 5.suddenly 6.expIain 高考須掌握的短語:1.catch 2.oVer 3.in 4.in 5.1ist 6.in Ⅱ.考點過關 過關斬將 一馬平川 考點詳解 精剖細解 入巿三分 一、重點詞匯 1.dtown vt.使淹死,淹沒;溺死eg: The man drowned him self in the lakc.那人投湖自盡。 The great n
2、ood drowned many houses.那次大洪水把許多房屋淹沒了。 The noise from the plane drowned her voice. 飛機的噪音淹沒了她的聲音。 用法拓展:be/get drowned被……淹沒/淹死 eyes drowned in tears眼淚汪汪 drown oneself(投河)自殺 a drowning man快淹死的人a drowned man一個淹死的人 drown oneself in work埋頭工作特別提醒:drown可用于被動語態(tài)中。 案例剖析 旁征博引 舉一反三 考題1 (典型例題 分).Be care
3、ful when cross ing the bridge, or you will fall into the water and get A. wounded B. hurt C. drowned D. injured 考題1點撥:答案為c。根據fall into the water得知掉到水里會被淹死的,而其他三項表示受傷,與題意不符。句意為:“過橋時一定要小心,否則你會掉下去淹死的。” 2.wllness vt.目睹.目擊。為……作證 n.目擊者,證據 eg:At leastⅢteen people witnessed the ro
4、bbery.至少有15人目睹了這次搶劫案。She wittnessed to seeing that man take the money.她作證說看見那個人拿走了那些錢。 He was a witness of the aecident.他是事故的目擊者。 用法拓展:witness+名詞 目睹.目擊…… . witness to sth./dolng sth.為……作證 call sb.to witness叫某人 作證witness that從句證明.作證說……特別提醒:wimess當“目睹.目擊”講,后直接接名詞作賓語;當“為……作證”講時,后接介詞to后才接名詞或動名詞
5、作賓語。 考題2-1 ( 典型例題 分 ) How can you prove that you aren't connected with this accident? I have two A. judges B. friends C. witnesses D. facts 考題2-2 (典型例題 分 ) The girl witnessed the man burst into the bank on a dark night last week. A. to see B. seeing C.
6、 to seeing D. having seen 考題2—1點撥:答案為c。根據句意可知此處應填入“證人”。句意為:“你怎么證明你與此事故無關?"“我有兩個證人?!? 考題2—2點撥:答案為C。witness當“作證,證明”講后接介詞to,再接動名詞/名詞作賓語。,句意為:“那個女孩作證說她看見那人在上周一個漆黑的晚上闖入銀行?!? 3.respond vi.回答.應答,回應eg: She didn't respond to my question.她沒有回答我的問題。 He hasn't responded to the treatment yet.他經治療后尚未有起色。
7、 相關鏈接:response n.回答?;貞? responder n.響應者 responslble adj.有責任的 responsibility n責任,職責用法拓展:respond+to對……回答.對……有反應,對……有作用 respond+that從句 回答說respond to a letter回信 give/make no response to對……不予回答 in response to回答.回應 take thc responsibility fo r…擔負起……責任 be responsible for..對……負責任 特別提醒:respond
8、當“回答.回應”講時,后常與介詞to連用。respond比answer更正式。 考題3-1 ( 典型例題1 分 ) The govern-ment has to public pressure and dropped the proposal. A. answered B. got C. accepted D. responded 考題3-2 (典型例題1 分) Our efforts resul ted failure. I feel Im also responsible it. A
9、. in; to B. from: to C. in; for D. from: for 考題3—1點撥:答案為D。answer后不接to,故選D。句意為:“政府已在公眾壓力下放棄了這一建議?!? 考題3—2點撥:答案為c。result in“導致,結果”,be responsible for“為……負責”,為固定搭配。句意為:“我們的努力以失敗告終.我感到我也應時此負責任?!? 二、重點短語 4.keep/bear.一in raind記住eg:There is one thing that you must always kee
10、p in mind.有一件事你要永遠牢記。 You must keep in mind that he is much younger than you. 你要記住他比你小很多。 用法拓展:learn…by heart記住 have…in mind考慮……,想做……特別提醒:keep/bear.一in mind后面可以接名詞作賓語。也可以接從句作賓語。 考題4 (典型例題 分)Unfortunately, when she was buying the clothes for him, she didn't the fact that he had gained some
11、 weight. A. keep on mind B. fix in mind C. keep. in mind D. put in mind 考題4點撥:答案為c。keep…in mind的賓語是the fact,put…in mind“使記起,提醒”。句意為:“很不幸,她買那件衣服給他時,她忘記他胖了一點的事實。 5.in honor of為了向……表示敬意.為慶祝……,為紀念……eg: We built this temple in honor of a great man. 我們建這座廟是為了紀念一位大人物。 The party was held in
12、honor of Miss Abby. 這次晚會是為了紀念艾比女士而舉行的。 用法拓展:feel it an honor to do sth.感到干……是榮幸的事 It is an honor for sb.to do sth.對某人說干……是榮幸的事情 be honored for因……被尊敬feel honored for…為……感到榮幸特別提醒:honor可以作動詞,也可作名詞用。honor用作可數名詞時表示“光榮的事,榮幸的事”。 考題5 (典型例題)Washington, a state in the United States, was named one
13、of the greatest American presidents. A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of 考題5點撥:答案為A。in favor of..贊成……,支持……”.by means of‘‘通過……方式”,instead of“作為……的替換”,而in honor of “為了紀念……”正合題意,故選A。 6.in case of假使,以防eg: ’ In case of fire,ring the alarm ring.萬一失火的話,請按警鈴。 We
14、'd better insure the house in case of'fire.這房子我們最好投保以防火災。 用法拓展:in case以防萬一(后接從句),可用作副詞短語.單獨用。 in case of萬一,以防(后接短語) in that case(若是)那樣的話 in any case無論如何,在任何情況下 in no case無論如何都不,在任何情況下決不特別提醒:in case引導從句可以表示條件,但不表示目的。in no case“在任何時候決不”放在句首時,句子使用倒裝。 eg:ln no case do we give in.任何時候我們都決不投降。 考題6
15、 (典型例題)He set out very early he missed the early bus. A. so that B. in case C. in case of D. since 考題6點撥:答案為B。根據題意:他出發(fā)很早以免誤了早班車。so that“目的是……”,in case of..萬一,以免”,后接名詞或動名詞,in case“萬一,以免……”,后接從句,符合題意。故選B。 三、重點交際用語 7.學習表示職責的情態(tài)動詞:should.must.ought to,have to eg: Yo
16、u should never use ladders on a wet floor.你不應該在濕地上使用梯子。 You mustn't move someone if he is badly hurt. 如果一個人傷得厲害.你一定不要移動他。 (1) must:have to (2) must表“必須,應該”,否定式must not(mustn't)表“不應該,不許可.不準.禁止”等意思。 eg: Your homework I/lUSt be handed in before the class is over.你的作業(yè)必須在下課之前交上。 You must not take
17、the books out of the reading room.你不準把書帶出閱覽室。 must沒有時態(tài)變化,一般用于現在時,但有時也可表過去的情況。 must可用來表推測,表“一定,必定”,用在肯定句中。 eg: He must be in the classroom now.他現在一定在教室里。 must be doing sth.一定正在做某事(對正在進行的動作的推測) must have done sth.一定已經做了(對過去事情的推測)eg: He must be wai。。ting for us noW.他現在一定在等我們?!e must have seen t
18、he film.他一定看過這部電影。 have to表“必須,不得不”,在這個意義上接近must。但must表示的是說 話人的主觀看法.而have to表示的是客觀需要,have to有更多的時態(tài)。 eg:I have to wait here because I have no umbrella with me. 我必須在這兒等因為我沒帶傘。 (2)should:ought to should和ought to都有“應該”的意思,一般可以通用。 should有時含“勸告”、“建議”的語氣,即表達“按我的想法應該如何”的意 思;ought to語氣比should更強些,強調“有
19、責任、有義務做某事”或者“按道理應該如何”的意思。 eg: Students ought to attend class on time.學生應該按時上課。 I think you should go there.我認為你應該去那兒。 考題7-1 ( 典型例題 ) What it be? -.It be a car, for it is not moving. It be a house! A. must ; mustn't ; can B. can; can; must C.can; can't; must D. can; must
20、n't; must 考題7-2(典型例題)Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 考題7—1點撥:答案為c。can表示推測用于疑問句和否定句中,must用于肯定句;mustn't表示。不準,禁止”。此題考查情態(tài)動詞表推測。句意為;“那可能是什么呢?~不可能是汽車,因為它不動。邢一定是座房子!” 考題7—2點撥:答案為A。ought to do是用來說明現在之事,ought to have d
21、one是用來說過去之事,根據meant可得知,此題所暗示之事發(fā)生在過去。ought to have done。本來應該做,而實際沒做”,ought not to Have done“本采不應該做,而實際上做了”,故選 A。句意為:。湯姆本來不應該把你的秘密告訴我,但他沒有惡意?!? 四、重點句型 8.Make sure that…確?!? make sure弄清楚,核實或查明某事物,常跟介詞of,構成make sure of sth./doing sth.。 eg: Make sure of your fact before you accuse him.控告他之前先要查明事實。 m
22、ake sure后還可跟that引起的賓語從句。 eg:Before you leave the cIass— room,make sure that the door is locked.離開教室之前.請檢查一下看看門鎖上了沒有。 考題8 I flgo to Iraq, can you_ _ my safety? A. make sure B. make sure of C. make sure that D. sure 考題8點撥:答案為B。make sure of后跟動名詞或名詞,表示“確定,確保”的意思。 五、詞語辨析 9.calm,quie
23、t,still,silent 這幾個詞都與“靜”有關,但它們所表示靜的對象是不同的,所描述的物體、場合是不同的。 (1)calm常指天氣平靜,無風,海無浪,心境鎮(zhèn)定.無憂慮,鎮(zhèn)靜自若,強調外表等。 eg: The weather is calm and the sea is calm.天氣和大海是一片寧靜。 (2)quiet“靜止的、寧靜的,沒有激動、煩惱、憂慮的”.強調沒有擾亂,沒有興奮的活動或鬧聲的“寧靜”或“心情平靜”。 eg: Be quiet!The baby is sIeeping.安靜!寶寶在睡覺呢。 (3)still“靜止不動”、“平靜”.突出不發(fā)出動作。 e
24、g:It was very late and the night was stIll.時間很晚了,夜很平靜。 (4)silent聲音極小的,沉默的,寡言的。 eg:The house was sIlent be—cause everyone was asleep.房子里很安靜,因為所有的人都睡著了。 考題9 (典型例題)--MyGod, Imgetting late again. What will my boss say.'? --Try to keep . We'll think of a good excuse. A. silent B
25、. calm C. still D. awake 考題9點撥:答案為B。根據We'll think of a good excuse.前句應是強調保持冷靜,不要慌。故選B。句意為;“天啊,我叉要遲到了,我老板會怎樣說?~盡力保持冷靜,我們會想出一個好借口的。” Ⅲ.語法歸納 精通規(guī)則 游刃有余 虛擬語氣(二) 上一單元我們歸納了含有if條件句的虛擬語氣.這一單元我們對常用虛擬語氣的句型歸納如下: 常用虛擬語氣句型在下列句型中,常用“should+動詞原形”.且should可以省略: 1.在動詞demand,order.require,insist,sugg
26、est等詞后that引導的賓語從句中。eg:The doctor suggested/insisted that she(should)stay in bed for afew days.醫(yī)生建議/堅決要求她在床上呆幾天。注意:當suggest作“暗示、表明”講,insist作“堅持說”講,即堅持事實是怎樣時,后邊that從句不用虛擬語氣。 eg:Mike insisted that he had never stoIenanythin g.邁克堅持說他沒偷任何東西。The look on his face suggested that he WflS angry.他臉上表情表明他生氣了.
27、 2.在名詞advice,order,suggestion,request等后邊that引導的同位語從句,或這些名詞作主語時后面that引導的表語從句中。 eg:We all agreed to his suggestion(that)we-(should)give up the plan.我們都同意他的建議,我們(應該)放棄這個計劃。My idea is that he(should)accept the job.我的想法是他(應該)接受這份工作。 3.在It is+形容詞(necessary,natural,strange,etc.)+_that從句中。 eg: It's nece
28、ssary/important that we(should)cIean the room every day. 每天打掃房間是有必要的/重要的。 4.在It is/was a pity(a shante。no wonder,etc.)+that從句中。 eg:It was a pity/a shame that our team should lose the game. 很遺憾我們隊輸了。 當然上面3、4兩類的that從句中也可以不用虛擬語氣,而用陳述語氣。 eg: It is strange that he did not come yesterday.很奇怪他昨天竟然沒
29、來。 It is a pity that you can't dante.很遺憾你不會跳舞。 5.1t is(high/about)time(that)…句式中常用動詞的過去式或should+動詞原形,should不省略。此句型表示“該……”,用來表示提議。 eg:lt is high time we started out.我們該出發(fā)了。 6.用動詞的過去式表示與現在事實(或將來事實)相反,用動詞的過去完成式表示與過去事實相反的句型。 (1)wish后that引導的賓語從句中。 eg: I wish I were as clever as you.(表示與現在事實相反)但愿我和
30、你一樣聰明。 I wish he WOUld try again.(表示與將來事實相反)但愿他能再試一次。 (2)as if(though)引導的表語從句或方式狀語從句中。 eg: He looks as if/though he were an artist.他看上去好像個藝術家。 (3)would rather后的賓語從句中。 eg: I’d rather you didn't go there.我寧愿你不去那兒。 (4)lf only引導的感嘆句中。 eg: If only 1 were a bird.我要是只鳥就好了。 特別提醒:(1)It is strange/
31、important/a pity…that從句中當表達說話者的一種“驚訝、遺憾、應該等”語氣時多用虛擬語氣。 (2)Would ratherthat…“寧愿……”,若是與現在或將來事實相反。則從句用一般過去時態(tài);若是與過去事實相反.則從句用過去完成時態(tài)。 考題1 ( 典型例題1 分 ) Tom insisted what he said __ true and we insisted that he _ _ and have a look. A. be; should go B. should be; would go C. was; go D.
32、 was; would go 考題2 (典型例題測, 1 分) --Your aunt invites you to the movies today. --I woul'd rather she me tomorrow than today. A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 考題3 (典型例題)It was requested that the play again. A. should put on B. would put
33、 on C. be put on D. put on 考題4 If only I my car. A. hadn't lost B. wouldn't lose C. didn't lose" D. haven't lost 考題1點撥:答案為c。此題考查insist引導賓-hi-A~句的用法,當insist作“堅持認為。堅持說”講時,從句用陳述語氣;當insist作“堅決要求”講時,從句用虛擬語氣,即should+動詞原形,should可省略。故選c。句意為:“湯姆堅持說他說的是時的,而我們堅決要求他應該去看一看?!? 考題2點撥:答案為B。此題考查w
34、ould rather后從句用虛擬語氣的用法。若與現在或將來事實相反,從句用一般過去時。故選B。 D項是與過去事實相反。句意為:“你姑姑今天請你看電影。”“我寧愿她明天請我而不是今天?!? 考題3點撥:答案為C。此題考查lt is requested that…,從句用虛擬語氣。句意為:“這個話劇被要求再演一次?!? 考題4點撥:答案為A。此題考查If only.一但愿……,根據題意:但愿我沒有丟車,說明丟車之事已發(fā)生。故用過去完成時態(tài)表示。 IV 專題探究 由點及面 由表及里 專題探究:專題詳解: 主要考查的知識點:不定代詞和替代詞的用法;It的用法和人稱代詞賓格。復習重點:指代
35、必須準確無誤。在使用人稱代詞、反身代詞、物主代詞這三類代詞時,要注意它們在句中的人稱、單復數及性別與所有格的一致性。疑問代詞的用法。it,one,that是高考命題鎖定的三個代詞。 考題 --Which of the three ways shall I take to the vil-lage? -- way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 考題點撥:答案為c。根據句中three一詞。可以相應的判斷答語中應用表示三者的詞。即在A、B、c中選擇。另外,從語境上看,問
36、者詢問的是。我應該走哪條路可以到達那個村莊?”而從答話人的語氣看。應是。哪條路(任何一條路)都可以”。故選c。 V.考題類型一網打盡 驀然回首 燈火闌珊 回顧1 測試考點6 ( 典型例題)--Im afraid Mr Wood can't see you until 4 o'clock. Oh, I won't wait. A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way 1.C 點撥:in that case如果是那樣的話no doubt無疑地;after al
37、l畢竟;in this way用這種方法。 回顧2 測試考點 10 (典型例題How do you we go to Beijing for our holidays? --I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable. A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest 2.D點撥:suggest后接賓語從句,從句中用should+動詞原形,should可省略。 回顧3 測試探究 ( 典型例題1 分 ) The chairman thought
38、 necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. that B. it C. this D. him 3.B點撥:it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是不定式to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting。 回顧4 測試考點6 (典型例題)I always take something to read when I go to the doctor's I have to wait. A. in case
39、 B. so that C. in order D. as if 4.A點撥:in case后接從句,表示“以防,免得”。 回顧5 測試專題探究 (典型例題 prefer a flat in lnver-ness to in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's. A. one B. that C. it D. this 5.A點撥one指代a flat,這不是特指而是泛指。 回顧6 測試語法 ( 典型例題
40、 in the regulationsthat you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 6.c點撥:It is required that句式.從句用should+動詞原形。 回顧7 測試專題探究 (典型例題m moving to the coun-tryside because the air
41、there is much fresher than in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 7.c點撥:that用來指代上文提到的the air。 回顧8 測試專題探究 (典型例題e've been looking at houses but haven't found we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 8.A點撥:one用來指代a house,是泛指而非特指。 VI.2020;2020年高考題
42、預測 高瞻遠矚 占盡先機 一、考情預測 年考情預測 預測1:與case有關的搭配句式 預測根據:與case有關的搭配句式。如in case以防,免得;in this/that case如果這樣/那樣的話;in any ease無論如何;in no case決不。這些句式是高考必須把握的句型,也是高考命題的重點。 命題角度預測:與case有關的搭配句式在單項選擇部分出現的可能性大,在近幾年的高考中對in case句型考查較多,估計在考情預測 年的高考題中這將不是一個命題熱點。考生應注意in no case句型,放在句首時.要用部分倒裝形式.這是高考命題的一個新熱點。 預測2:代詞i
43、t/that/one的區(qū)別 預測根據:it/that/one是高考命題鎖定的三個代詞。it多用于指代同名同物,that多用于指代同名異物。one用于泛指,that相當于the one,且that也用于指代不可數名詞。在考情預測 年的高考命題中,這三個代詞的區(qū)分將依然出現。 命題角度預測:it/that/one的區(qū)別會在單項選擇或完形填空中出現,考生應根據考題所提供的語言環(huán)境,作出正確的選擇。 預測3:advisef suggest/order/insistf demand,require等+that(should+v.原形)句式 預測根據:此句式用should+v.原形來完成,shou
44、ld可省略,這是一個重點句式,也是高考命題的熱點。 命題角度預測:此句式的考查會在高考的單項選擇中出現,考生應清楚此句式的用法,尤其是should可省略的情況。 預測4:如何提出忠告 預測根據:如何提出忠告是交際英語的一個重要組成部分,本單元的話題功能即展示了此部分內容,這在考情預測 年高考中可能會有所涉及。 命題角度預測:如何提出忠告這部分交際英語可能會在考情預測 年的高考聽力部分得到體現,考生尤其要注意Make sure that;Never.一等口語表達。 預測5:話題預測 本單元的中心話題是“急救”,具體涉及關于動物咬傷、燒傷、刀傷和中毒等的一般急救常識,此外還介紹了家庭安
45、全須知,急救的重要性等等。這是一個常見話題,也是考生所熟知的一個話題。高考與之相關的題目可能會在閱讀理解或書面表達中出現,閱讀理解可能要以說明文的形式介紹急救的種類、方式等,書面表達多以圖畫的方式,要求考生看圖寫一篇關于急救的文章。 二、考題預測 [備考1]測試考點9 Do remember:always keep in time of danger. A. still B. quiet C. silent D. calm 1.D點撥.句意為:“危險時一定要保持鎮(zhèn)靜?!惫蔬xD。 [備考2]測試考點 4 At this p
46、oint I can't undertake to accept your suggestion, but I will keep it A. on mind B. to mind C. off mind D. in mind 2.D點撥:keep…in mind“記住”,固定搭配。 [備考3]測試考點 2 The last half of the nineteenth century the steady improvement in the means of travel. A. has witn
47、essed B. was witnessed C. witnessed D. is witnessed 3.c 點撥:witness與主語是主動關系,故選C。 [備考4]測試考點 6 It may rain--you'd better take an umbrella it does. A. in case B. in no case C. in any case D. in case of 4.A 點撥in case后可接從句,
48、其他三項意思不符。 [備考5]測試語法 My uncle's suggestion is,that we a few comrades to help the workers. A. sends B. sending C. to send D. send 5.D 點撥suggestlon作主語后接表語從句時,用虛擬語氣(should)+動詞原形。 [備考6]測試考點 7 --Look! An old man fell down in the street. Let's hurry to help him. -- .
49、 Then send for a doctor. --No. leave where he is in case of heart attack. A. We must carry him to the side of the road B. We mustn't move him C. He can't move D. Oh, stand up 6.A點撥:根據Then send for a doctor.及下一句得知。空格處陳述他們應該做的。故選A。 [備考7]測試考點 7 Look! What you have done! You more careful
50、. A. may be B. have to C. should be D. would be 7.c 點撥:What you have done!暗示“你”應該更小心,故選C。 [備考8]測試考點l0 It is strange that he back so ear-ly. A. would come B. will come C. had come D. should come 8.D點撥.It is strange that從句表達說話者的一種“遺憾,驚奇”的語氣時。用虛擬語氣,即should+動詞原形。
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