廣東省汕頭市2020高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解練習(xí)（5）

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1、廣東汕頭市2020高考英語(yǔ)（二輪）閱讀理解練習(xí)（5） 高考英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀考前精講精練（答案） 任務(wù)型閱讀復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 浙江省的任務(wù)型閱讀采用了“六選五”型小標(biāo)題配伍題型。該題型較好地貫徹了浙江省高考英語(yǔ)《考試說(shuō)明》的指導(dǎo)思想：在考查學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和技能的同時(shí)，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言獲取信息、處理信息、分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。尤其側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)篇綜合理解能力和歸納概括能力。 一、題型特點(diǎn) 浙江卷采用該題型已有三年，現(xiàn)將三年高考真題的特點(diǎn)列表分析如下： 年 份 詞 數(shù) 體 裁 話 題 2020 526 議論文 團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作 2020 591 說(shuō)明文 如何讓你的生活

2、簡(jiǎn)單化 2020 524 議論文 不要拖沓——今日事今日畢 通過(guò)上表可知，浙江卷任務(wù)型閱讀的選材有如下特點(diǎn)： 1. 篇幅：在500-600詞之間，文章比較長(zhǎng)； 2. 體裁：主要為議論文和說(shuō)明文，一般不考記敘文，因?yàn)橛洈⑽亩喟垂适虑楣?jié)展開(kāi)，而不是分要點(diǎn)展開(kāi)； 3. 話題：話題貼近學(xué)生生活，時(shí)代感強(qiáng)。常見(jiàn)的話題有：日常生活、學(xué)生生活、學(xué)習(xí)方法與技巧、環(huán)境保護(hù)、人際關(guān)系、科普知識(shí)等； 4. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)：所選文章多為“總——分”型，即：文章一般由兩大部分組成：引子 +正文，正文部分則由五個(gè)部分組成，每個(gè)部分均由“小標(biāo)題+說(shuō)明”組成，各部分的說(shuō)明是對(duì)小標(biāo)題的闡釋或論證。 需要特別說(shuō)

3、明的是，2020年該題型為選擇每段的首句，而不再是子標(biāo)題。其實(shí)，各段首句也就是本段主題句，相當(dāng)于本段落的子標(biāo)題。 二、真題實(shí)例分析 2020年高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷 下面文章中有5個(gè)段落需要添加首句 (第61~65題)。請(qǐng)從以下選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D、E和F) 選出適合各段落的首句。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。 A. Time can run out. B. Tomorrow won’t be better. C. Ideas need time to develop. D. Your professor will be impatient. E. You blow off your cha

4、nces for help. F. You are probably overestimating (高估) the pain. Never Put off Tomorrow What You Can Do Today Want to put off studying for the physics test? Or writing that thirty-five-page research paper on future uses of biotechnology? Sure you do? And who wouldn’t? But it’s still a silly idea

5、 to put off doing something until a future time. Here is why ... 61. The task will be still the same. It won’t be any more fun and you still won’t want to do it. As the deadline gets closer and closer, the task seems to become larger and larger if you haven’t started the work. And the stres

6、s increases. Now not only do you have to write that paper, you have to do it under great pressure. 62. Before you start, it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished. But you know what? You’re probably miscalculating. Get started — maybe on a small piece — and you will discover tha

7、t you have more resources and know more about the subject than you thought. Result? You won’t experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to. Things are guaranteed — 100 percent — to get better. 63. If you leave your work before the night before it’s due, you give up the possibilit

8、y of getting input from your professor. Professors regularly give advice — or at least a few useful tips — during office hours. Unfortunately though, they don’t usually hold office hours at midnight, so you will be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how

9、to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade. 64. Ever wonder why the professor assigns the paper two weeks before it’s due? It’s because he or she expects you to be thinking about the issue, or doing the research, for two weeks. No, not every waking moment, but at leas

10、t some of the time. After all, the professor could just as easily have given the assignment one week before it was due if he or she expected less thinking. Most college papers require you to have some kind of idea, then to spend some time thinking about it, revising it, and polishing it. When you th

11、row together a paper or a report at the last minute, your ideas are half-baked. And your professor will know it. 65. If you put things off at the last minute, you might find that you haven’t budgeted enough minutes to finish the necessary tasks. It’s the easiest thing in the world to misca

12、lculate how long it will take to do all the work especially when new issues arise — like illness, family problems, computer breakdowns, trouble at work, and all the other things — as you are thinking through your paper argument or preparing yourself for the coming test. If you keep delaying, you don

13、’t allow yourself time for those various life events that have an adverse (不利的) effect on your ability to complete your assignment. 有些學(xué)生喜歡拖延，豈不知明日復(fù)明日，明日何其多。文章從五個(gè)方面論述了不能將今日事拖延至明日，應(yīng)該今日事今日畢。 61. B。通讀本段可知，本段從兩個(gè)層面展開(kāi)討論：1. (前兩句) 任務(wù)依舊在那里，需要做，不會(huì)變得有趣，你依舊不愿做；2. (后三句) 越往后推，工作任務(wù)越發(fā)顯得沉重，壓力也就越大，你將需要在承受巨大壓力之下完成任務(wù)。

14、顯然，本段討論的角度是：向后拖延并不會(huì)帶來(lái)什么好處。 62. F。根據(jù)it seems that the task is unlikely to be accomplished以及You won’t experience nearly as much suffering as you expected to可知，本段討論的是你可能因?yàn)楦吖懒死щy而拖延，其實(shí)，完成任務(wù)并沒(méi)有你想象的那么難。 63. E。根據(jù)you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor以及you will be out of luck可知，本段

15、分論點(diǎn)為：把事情放到最后一刻去做，將會(huì)喪失獲得幫助的機(jī)會(huì)。本段論述方式為舉例說(shuō)明，例子為大學(xué)生如果把課業(yè)留在最后一刻，將會(huì)失去得到教授指導(dǎo)的機(jī)會(huì)。D項(xiàng)有一定干擾性，但本段只是說(shuō)晚上教授一般不工作，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)教授會(huì)失去耐心。 64. C。根據(jù)本段中出現(xiàn)的two weeks, not every waking moment, but at least some of the time, one week, at the last minute等可知，本段討論的話題與時(shí)間相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與時(shí)間有關(guān)：A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是“時(shí)間會(huì)隨著拖延而流失”，顯然不是本段討論的內(nèi)容。C項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是“想法需要時(shí)間

16、不斷提升”，與本段內(nèi)容吻合。 65. A。本段空格后的第一句：如果人們習(xí)慣于將事情推到最后一刻去做，將可能發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有預(yù)留出足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)完成要做的事情。最后一句：生活中總是會(huì)有阻礙完成工作的各種事情發(fā)生，如果你有拖延的習(xí)慣，你將不會(huì)有時(shí)間去應(yīng)付。顯然，本段討論的是拖延到最后時(shí)刻，很容易導(dǎo)致時(shí)間不夠用。 三、解題步驟及方法指導(dǎo) 本題型可以按以下步驟解題： 第一步：閱讀所提供的選項(xiàng)，推測(cè)文章主旨?？忌鷳?yīng)先瀏覽所提供的選項(xiàng)，利用這些信息激活與文章主題相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)，同時(shí)根據(jù)所提供的選項(xiàng)去推測(cè)文章的內(nèi)容，預(yù)測(cè)所要概括段落的內(nèi)容。 第二步：分段閱讀，各個(gè)擊破。讀每段話時(shí)，要注意其中的關(guān)鍵信息句與關(guān)

17、鍵信息詞，關(guān)鍵信息句與關(guān)鍵信息詞可能出現(xiàn)在段落的開(kāi)頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落中間和段落的末尾，建議考生在閱讀過(guò)程中劃出段落主題句和關(guān)鍵信息詞，閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)綜合考慮整個(gè)段落，要能準(zhǔn)確迅速提取出概括主旨的信息，初步確定一個(gè)能概括該段主旨大意的選項(xiàng)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，段落的關(guān)鍵信息句與關(guān)鍵信息詞往往就體現(xiàn)出了該段的主旨大意，但命題人可能會(huì)對(duì)關(guān)鍵信息句換一種說(shuō)法，或者用關(guān)鍵信息詞的同義（近義）詞以及同根詞作為段落的主旨概括選項(xiàng)，這時(shí)候要看清選項(xiàng)真正的意思，靈活處理信息，做出正確選擇。同時(shí)還要注意分析段落的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，注意段落的行文方式，特別是要注意段落行文過(guò)程話題和意義的轉(zhuǎn)換，謹(jǐn)防出現(xiàn)以偏概全和錯(cuò)誤概括的問(wèn)題，考生一定要

18、讀完每個(gè)段落，因?yàn)橛行┒温涞闹髦紩?huì)出現(xiàn)在段落的結(jié)尾。 本階段應(yīng)注意以下事項(xiàng)： 1. 認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)的異同，確定各選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，如2020年試題的A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)均涉及到time，但A項(xiàng)的重點(diǎn)在于run out，C項(xiàng)則為Ideas develop。D. Your professor will be impatient.的關(guān)鍵詞是impatient；E. You blow off your chances for help.的關(guān)鍵詞是chances for help；F. You are probably overestimating the pain.的關(guān)鍵詞是overestimating the

19、 pain。 2. 使用過(guò)的選項(xiàng)要做出標(biāo)記，這樣，剩下的選項(xiàng)就會(huì)不斷減少，后面段落答案的確定就可以大大減少用時(shí)。建議直接使用其適用空白處的題號(hào)標(biāo)記，簡(jiǎn)單明了。多余選項(xiàng)予以排除后，可作特殊標(biāo)記，以示區(qū)別。 確定各空答案的方法： 1. 高頻詞匯關(guān)聯(lián)法。一個(gè)段落圍繞某一話題展開(kāi)，必然會(huì)大量使用與該話題關(guān)聯(lián)的詞匯。如上述64題一段出現(xiàn)了two weeks，not every waking moment, but at least some of the time，one week，at the last minute等大量與time相關(guān)的詞匯，由此可知，本段討論的話題與時(shí)間相關(guān)。從而可確定A項(xiàng)和

20、C項(xiàng)的可能性最大。 2. 利用復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系解題法。復(fù)現(xiàn)是行文不可避免要使用的一種詞匯銜接手段，它通過(guò)原詞、同 (近) 義詞、概括詞等形式重復(fù)某一概念，從而使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。如上述63題，該段中的you give up the possibility of getting input from your professor實(shí)際上與E項(xiàng)You blow off your chances for help同義，屬于復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。 復(fù)現(xiàn)包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同(近)義復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義復(fù)現(xiàn)、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和解釋型復(fù)現(xiàn)。 3. 概括總結(jié)法。對(duì)于那些無(wú)法通過(guò)上述方法解答的試題，恐怕我們就只能通

21、過(guò)細(xì)讀段落內(nèi)容，概括總結(jié)出其主旨大意，然后再在選項(xiàng)中找到合適的選項(xiàng)。如65題，我們就無(wú)法通過(guò)高頻詞語(yǔ)關(guān)聯(lián)法或利用復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系解題，此時(shí)，我們可認(rèn)真閱讀，自己總結(jié)段落大意。 第三步：復(fù)核答案。復(fù)核時(shí)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注未被選的干擾項(xiàng)，防止出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)選。 閱讀理解 Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn't forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here

22、in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (啟發(fā)) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin's footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildli

23、fe, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be. The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise(巨型海龜), whi

24、ch can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群島). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be

25、 remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air. Travelling between the islands and observing the wild

26、life that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time. ( ) 1. What

27、 do we know about Darwin's visit to the islands? A. He studied different creatures on the islands B. He completed his famous book on the islands C. He was touched by the geography of the islands D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands ( ) 2. Which of the following plays a role

28、 in making the islands "a paradise for wildlife"? A. Animals on the islands feed on grass. B. Local government forbids killing wildlife. C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish. D. Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals. ( ) 3. Your stay on the islands will be most impressive ma

29、inly because of_________. A. The beautiful sea views B. Darwin's inspiring trip C. a closer view of animals D. various daring activities ( ) 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers B. Calapagos as a Paradise for Adventures

30、 C. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos D. A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection 【語(yǔ)篇解讀 語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)家的樂(lè)園 Galapagos Islands,達(dá)爾文曾在這兒受到啟發(fā)寫 語(yǔ)篇解讀 出了《物種起源》一書,同時(shí),由于這兒保護(hù)得很好,直到現(xiàn)在依然是旅游的好去處. 1. 答案 A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由文中的 He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals.可知達(dá)爾文在這兒觀察了各種各樣

31、的動(dòng)物. 2. 答案 C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文中...strict control over activities and timing...可知,當(dāng)?shù)貙?duì)游客的 活動(dòng)和參觀時(shí)間都是有嚴(yán)格限制的,所以答案選 C 項(xiàng). 3. 答案 C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù) your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks

32、 touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air.可知,在 Galapagos 島上能與動(dòng)物親密接觸. 4. 答案 A 【解析】主旨大意題.這篇文章主要是向我們推薦 Galapagos Islands,因此題目要具有醒目 的特點(diǎn),方能達(dá)到吸引讀者眼球的目的,故題目以 A 為佳。 閱讀理解 In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no

33、 longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer “delight” is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share. It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote bus

34、iness by telling up to 12 other people: those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New lunges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call cent

35、ers and the Internet. For example , many companies now have to invest(投資)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”—caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. “Many people do not li

36、ke talking to machines,” says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. “Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you c

37、an trust— the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.” Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be calmed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two )

38、;replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(購(gòu)物禮卷)as an unexpected “thank you” to rental customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints. Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment

39、 or worse will be the result . This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,” I know how you must feel”), and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever fames suggests best meets the case). Airl

40、ines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airwa

41、ys staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their name, job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure

42、that information is available instantly on screen. British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolis

43、h company that used slogans such as "we do as we please”. On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. ( ) 1. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that . A. complaining customers are hard to satisfy B. unsatisfied customers receive better service C.

44、 Satisfied customers catch more attention D. well-treated customers promote business ( ) 2. The writer mentions “phone rage”(Paragraph 3) to show that . A. customers often use phones to express their anger B. people still prefer to buy goods online C. customer care becomes more attentio

45、n D. customers rely on their phones to obtain services ( ) 3. What does the writer recommend to create delight? A. Calling customers regularly B. Giving a “thank you” note. C. Delivering a quicker service D. Promising more gifts. ( ) 4. If a manager should show his empathy (Par

46、agraph6), what would he probably say? A. “I know how upset you must be.” B. “I appreciate your understanding.” C. “I’m sorry for the delay.” D. “I know it’s our fault.” ( ) 5. Customer delight is important for airlines because . A. their telephone style remains unchanged B. t

47、hey are more likely to meet with complaints C. the services cost them a lot of money D. the policies can be applied to their staff ( ) 6. Which of the following is conveyed in this article? A. Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers. B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market. D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks. 參考答案、DCCABC