中考英語 話題十四 安全與守則試題1

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話題十四　安全與守則(Safety and rules) Ⅰ.完形填空 A Accidents can happen indoors. Many young children get __1__ when playing in their homes. __2__ do these accidents happen? A housewife is a __3__ person. She has to do most of the work at home. Sometimes she is __4__. She puts a pot of hot water on a table. When she goes out of the room, the child reaches up and __5__ the pot. The hot water spills over him and hurts him. Then the child may be __6__ to hospital at once. Many other accidents happen. Kerosene(煤油) heaters(加熱器) are sometimes __7__ by children playing at home. The kerosene spills out of the heater and burns. Soon the whole room is burning. All things that can cut are dangerous. Sharp __8__ and scissors(剪刀) should be put away out of the reach of children. Small children should not be allowed to __9__ them. Electricity is always dangerous. Electricity can be used for heating and cooking, __10__ it can also kill us! You should never touch any electric heaters or wire if it is turned on. Medicine makes us __11__ or kill us! Sometimes grown－up people are careless. They __12__ medicine in places where children can reach it. They find it and eat it. Perhaps they die. The skins of bananas, oranges and other __13__ are very slippery(滑的). You __14__ not throw them on the ground. If you do, someone may step on them and fall down. They may break a leg or an arm. To stop accidents, please be careful in __15__ you do. (B)1. A．hit　　 B．hurt　 　C．cut　 　D．burned (C)2.A.Why B．What C．How D．When (C)3.A.free B．strict C．busy D．young (D)4.A.interesting B．friendly C．careful D．careless (A)5.A.pushes down B．turns down C．cuts down D．falls down (C)6.A.fetched B．put C．sent D．got (B)7.A.looked out B．knocked over C．turned on D．turned off (B)8.A.pens B．knives C．tables D．cups (C)9.A.go with B．deal with C．play with D．a(chǎn)gree with (C)10.A.so B．a(chǎn)nd C．but D．then (A)11.A.better B．good C．worse D．happy (B)12.A.take B．leave C．give D．forget (D)13.A.things B．a(chǎn)ccidents C．people D．fruit (A)14.A.should B．might C．need D．may (D)15.A.something B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．everything 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。室內(nèi)意外事故任何時候都有可能發(fā)生。本文通過舉例子說明意外事故是如何在人們的眼皮底下發(fā)生的。 【答案精析】 1．B　考查動詞辨析。 hit“撞擊”； hurt“受傷”； cut“切”；burned“燒傷”。get hurt意為“受傷”。由后文內(nèi)容可知此處表示許多小孩在家中玩耍時會受傷。 2．C　考查疑問代詞辨析。 why“為什么”； what “什么”；how“如何，怎樣”；when“什么時候”。由下文解釋每個意外事故發(fā)生的具體情況，可知此處是下文的總起句，說明意外事故是如何發(fā)生的。 3．C　考查形容詞辨析。free“有空的”；strict“嚴(yán)厲的”；busy“忙碌的”；young“年輕的”。由下一句“She has to do most of the work at home.”可知作為家庭主婦是忙碌的。故選C。 4．D　考查形容詞辨析。 interesting“有趣的”；friendly“友好的”；careful“小心的”； careless“粗心的”。正是因為家庭主婦通常是忙碌的，所以有時她很粗心，會導(dǎo)致兒童意外事故的發(fā)生。故選D。 5．A　考查動詞短語辨析。 pushes down“推倒”；turns down“拒絕，調(diào)小”；cuts down“砍倒”； falls down“摔倒”。由下文內(nèi)容可知此處表示，小孩伸手去夠從而推倒了水壺，故選A。 6．C　考查動詞辨析。 fetched“去取”； put “放”； sent“送”；got“到達”。由空格后的hospital可知，小孩受傷就會立刻被送往醫(yī)院。故選C。 7．B　考查動詞短語辨析。 looked out“當(dāng)心”；knocked over“碰翻”；turned on“打開”；turned off“關(guān)閉”。由空格前的內(nèi)容可知此處表示，小孩有時玩耍時會不小心碰翻加熱器，碰翻的加熱器容易引起燒傷和火災(zāi)，故選B。 8．B　考查名詞辨析。 pens“筆”； knives “小刀”； tables“桌子”；cups“杯子”。上文提到，所有能夠用來切割的東西都很危險，而小刀是可以切東西的，故選B。 9．C　考查動詞短語辨析。go with“和……一起去”；deal with“處理”； play with“與……玩(某物)”；agree with“同意(某人)”?？崭窈蟮膖hem指的是小刀或剪刀，所以不允許小孩去玩它們。 10．C　考查連詞辨析。 so“所以”；and“和；并且”； but“但是”；then“然后”。前文說電的作用與好處，后文說電的危害，故此處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。 11．A　考查形容詞及比較級辨析。 better “更好的”；good“好的”；worse“更糟的”； happy“愉快的”。藥能使病人身體變好，指身體好應(yīng)該用well不能用good，故選A。 12．B　考查動詞辨析。 take“帶去”；leave“離開，留在”；give“給”；forget“忘記”。結(jié)合上下文語境可知大人不小心把藥留在了小孩能拿到的地方，leave ＋ sth. ＋地點表示“把某物遺留在某處”，而forget后面不能接地點，故選B。 13．D　考查名詞辨析。 things“東西”；accidents“事故”； people“人們”； fruit“水果”。上文提到的香蕉和橘子屬于水果，果皮很滑，故選D。 14．A　考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。 should“應(yīng)該”；might“可能”；need“需要”； may“可能”。結(jié)合語境可知，人們不應(yīng)該把果皮扔在地上，故選A。 15．D　考查代詞辨析。something“有些事情”；anything“任何事情”；nothing“沒有什么事情”； everything“所有事情”。結(jié)合語境可知，我們應(yīng)該對所有做的事情都小心，這樣才能阻止意外事故的發(fā)生，故選D。 B 二孩政策 請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所給的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每個詞限用一次。 reason　large　if　two　chance have　parent　balance　at　news The government in China plans to end its one-child per family policy(政策) and instead let families have two children. People knew the 1 news after an important meeting in Beijing. Its reported that there are many 2 reasons for the change in policy. One of them is to 3 balance population development. China has the worlds 4 largest population. It carried out the one－child policy in 1980. But the government permitted only a small number of couples to have two children. For example, at rural areas, 5 if the first－born is a girl, couples can have a 6 second child. In 2013, the Chinese government gave other couples a 7 chance to have two children. Families could have two if one 8 parent was an only child. However, too many young people in the cities are probably no longer interested in 9 having two children. 10 At the end of 2014, China had a population of 1.37 billion people. A total of 800 million of them are employed(雇傭). With the two－child policy, an increase in births will change the labor shortage(短缺)． 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。黨的十八屆五中全會決定，全面實施一對夫婦可生育兩個孩子政策，積極開展應(yīng)對人口老齡化行動。這是繼2013年，十八屆三中全會決定啟動實施“單獨二孩”政策之后的又一次人口政策調(diào)整。 【答案精析】 1．news　由前文“政府計劃結(jié)束獨生子女的政策”可知，在北京召開的一個重要會議后，人們得知了這個消息。故填news。 2．reasons　因后文是介紹這項新政策推出的原因。而空格前面有many修飾，所以應(yīng)該填reason的復(fù)數(shù)形式reasons。 3．balance　由空格前的to可知此處應(yīng)填動詞原形，由句意“這一新政策推行的原因之一是為了平衡人口的發(fā)展?！笨芍頱alance。 4．largest　由常識可知，“中國有世界上最多的人口。”故此處應(yīng)填形容詞的最高級，前面有worlds所以不用加the。故填largest。 5．if　由前文“以前計劃生育政策只允許少數(shù)家庭生育兩個孩子”及后文的例子可知空格處表條件，故填if。 6.second　由句意“例如，在農(nóng)村，如果第一個出生的是女孩，則可再生第二胎。”可知此處應(yīng)填second。 7．chance　空格前有a，因此此處應(yīng)該填一個可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)，由句意“政府給予其他的夫妻再生一胎的機會?！笨芍颂帒?yīng)填chance。 8．parent　空格前面是one，因此此處應(yīng)該填可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)，由句意“如果夫妻雙方中有一方是獨生子女，那么可以生育二胎。”可知parent符合題意。 9．having　句意為“城市中很多年輕夫婦對生育二胎沒有興趣。”be interested in doing sth.是固定用法，意為“對做某事沒有興趣”，故知此處應(yīng)填have的－ing形式having。 10．At　at the end of是固定搭配，意為“在……末尾”，位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填A(yù)t。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A Psychologist Adam Grant gives some excellent and special advice in The New York Times Magazine.Helping people isnt the enemy of saving time. It helps you work faster and better instead. Deciding whether to help or not is often a waste of time. The recent news said that an old man died after he fell off his bike. Though there were nearly 50 people, including the young and the old, nobody gave him a hand. They hesitated and waited for others to help him. When a young man saw the old man lying on the ground, he took out his cell phone. After thinking for a while, he didnt dial. He walked to the end of the street and found a telephone booth(公用電話亭). He made a phone call to 120 with the phone. It took a long time for the ambulance to come along the narrow street. The doctor said the old man could be saved if one of the passers－by called 120 ten minutes earlier. The young man said he was so regretful for the old man. He went to the telephone booth because he didnt want to leave any record of calling 120. He was afraid to be cheated by the old man. If the young man could call earlier, he could save the old mans life. It works better than putting energy and time into figuring out whether to help. As Grant says, if people need your help, just do it! In return, you will help yourself and gain happiness. (A)1.What does the underlined word “regretful” mean according to the passage? A．Sorry.　　　　　B．Thankful. C．Worried. D．Stupid. (B)2.What does the underlined word “It” refer to according to the passage? A．Save the old mans life. B．Call 120 earlier. C．Leave the old man. D．Help the old man. (C)3.What does the young mans story tell us? A．We should use the cell phone to call 120. B．We cant help the old instead of the doctors. C．When you want to help others, dont waste time to think whether to help. D．Always be ready to help others. (D)4.Whats the best title for this article? A．Call without thinking B．Think before you help C．Work happily D．Never too early to help 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。闡述了幫助他人并不會浪費時間，相反，它會使你更加有效快速地工作。本文列舉了一個老人從自行車上摔倒的例子，目擊者猶豫到底要不要用自己的手機打電話給醫(yī)院，遺憾的是老人因此耽誤了最佳急救時間。 【答案精析】 1．A　詞義猜測題。sorry“抱歉，難過”；thankful “感激的”；worried“擔(dān)心的”；stupid“愚蠢的”。老人因沒有及時獲得搶救最終死亡，男子對自己猶豫的行為感到抱歉難過，他那時只是因為不想留下自己的手機號碼，而浪費時間去找公用電話撥打。故選A。 2．B　單詞指代題。結(jié)合上下文語境可知，如果這個年輕人早點打電話，就能夠挽救老人的生命，這比把時間和精力放在計算該不該幫忙上要有效的多。由此可以判斷，it指的是早點打電話這件事。故選B。 3．C　推理判斷題。這個男子的故事告訴我們當(dāng)想去幫助別人的時候就立刻去做，不要浪費時間思考該不該去做。故選C。 4．D　標(biāo)題概括題。通過閱讀全文，特別是文章前兩段，表達了作者的觀點：幫助別人要趁早，所以答案為D。 B 請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個選項中，選擇五個還原到文中，使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。 What are you going to do if you are in a burning house? Do you know how to save yourself? Please read the following items. 1__D__ Its important to know the right way to run away, such as exits and stairways, but not lifts. From the lower floors of building, escaping from the windows is possible. 2__F__ When you are on the second floor, its usually not high from the ground. Its about the height of an adult. 3__E__ Its important to protect yourself when youre waiting for help. 4__A__ If you dont do that, smoke may come into the room where you are. Its harmful to you. In that condition, you had better keep your head low to make sure that you can breathe fresh air rather than smoke. If you are on the high floor, you can go up till the roof. 5__C__ Dont shout all the time because you need to save energy and wait for rescue. A．Be sure to keep the door closed. B．Be sure to keep the door open. C．You can try your best to attract peoples attention. D．Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life. E．Its safer to jump out of the house than to stay in it. F．Leaving from windows may get the least chance of being hurt. G．You should call 119 as soon as you know the fire happens. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了火災(zāi)中的如何逃生的急救常識，首先要了解逃生的道路和出口方向，如果無路可走可以從窗戶中跳下逃出，尤其是低樓層，如果門外著火不要開門讓煙霧進來，如果在高樓可以想辦法吸引別人注意求救。 【答案精析】 1．D　后文說了解火災(zāi)中逃生的出口是非常重要的。由此可知本段的主題句應(yīng)該是要弄清楚在火災(zāi)中該做什么可以挽救生命。故選D。 2．F　通過前文如果所處樓層較低，可以從窗戶逃生，而F項具體解釋說明因跳窗而逃可能受傷的幾率很小，符合上下文語境。故選E。 3．E　因前文所說如果從二樓跳下，離地面不是很高，所以得出結(jié)論跳窗逃脫比待在房間里更加安全。故選E。 4．A　由后文，如果你不這樣做，煙就會進入到房間人所在的位置，因此要確保門是關(guān)閉的。故選A。 5．C　由前文“你可以逃到樓頂”以及后文“但為了保存體力不要一直大喊”可知這樣做的目的是引起別人的注意。故選C。 Ⅲ.補全對話 請閱讀下面對話，根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容補上所缺的句子，使對話通順、合理，意思完整。(每空一句) L：Hello, Pan. Is this your new car? How beautiful! P：Oh, yes, Lisa. 1__Would__you__like__to__go__for__a__ride__with__me? L：Yes, great! Well, do I have to wear the seat belt? P：2__Yes,__you__must__/__need__/__have__to. You know, safety is the most important thing for us. L：I agree. And can I talk with you while youre driving? P：It depends. 3__You__can__talk__with__me__when__the__traffic__is__not__busy. L：I see. I wont talk to you if the traffic is busy. By the way, are you a new driver? P：Oh, yes. 4__This__is__my__first__time__to__take__a__passenger. L：Oh, thats to say Im the first passenger in your car. Im so proud. P：Me, too. 5__Where__shall__we__go？/__Where__do__you__want__to__go? L：How about going to the Center Street？I know there are not so many people and the traffic is not busy there. P：OK. Lets go now. Ⅳ.書面表達 Bill 將作為交換生來你校進行為期一年的學(xué)習(xí)。請你根據(jù)下面圖表寫一封信，介紹你們學(xué)校的校規(guī)，并談?wù)勀銓@些校規(guī)的看法。 提示： 1.短文應(yīng)包括圖表中的全部信息，條理清楚，行文連貫； 2.短文中不能出現(xiàn)真實的人名和地名； 3.詞數(shù)不少于80，開頭、結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Bill， Welcome to our school.____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What do you think of these rules? I hope you will have a good time here. Yours, Li Hua 【審題指導(dǎo)】細(xì)讀所給的文字提示，可以提取以下信息： 1．本文是介紹自己學(xué)校規(guī)則的說明文，用第一人稱來寫； 2．根據(jù)提示可以從4個方面來寫：穿校服的規(guī)定、課堂規(guī)則、家庭作業(yè)要求、老師和同學(xué)相處的規(guī)則，最后一段寫自己對校規(guī)的觀點和看法； 3．對規(guī)則的介紹，可以用祈使句； 4．除去開頭和結(jié)尾，詞數(shù)應(yīng)不少于80詞，不得出現(xiàn)真實姓名和校名。 【寫作模板】 【高分范文】 Dear Bill， Welcome to our school.Here are some rules in our school.First, we have to wear school uniforms on school days.Second, we are supposed to listen carefully in class.Eating or drinking is not allowed.After school, we should finish our homework on time.Whats more, its also important for us to respect teachers and get on well with other classmates. In my opinion, most of these rules are good for us.They can help us develop good habits.But I think we should be allowed to wear our own clothes.What do you think of these rules? I hope you will have a good time here. Yours, Li Hua