人教版高一英語必修一Unit知識點梳理及練習.doc

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. —－可編輯修改，可打印—— 別找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育資料 ——全冊教案，，試卷，教學(xué)課件，教學(xué)設(shè)計等一站式服務(wù)—— 全力滿足教學(xué)需求，真實規(guī)劃教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié) 最新全面教學(xué)資源，打造完美教學(xué)模式 Unit2 English around the world official adj 官方的．正式的.公務(wù)的 voyage n 航行．航海 conquer 征服.占領(lǐng) because of 因為 come up 走近，上來．提出 native 本國的；本地的 n 本地人．本國人 actually實際上，事實上 base根據(jù) n 基部；基地，墓礎(chǔ) at present 現(xiàn)在；目前 gradual 逐漸的.逐步的 enrich 使富裕；充實，改善vocabulary 詞匯.詞匯量.詞表 make use of 利用 使用 latter 較后的后平的；（兩者中）后者的 . fluent 流利的.流暢的 frequent adj 頻繁的．常見的 usage 使用.用法.詞語慣用法command命令；指令；掌握 request請求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 詞語；表示表達 play a part ( in ）扮演個角色：參與 2.短語歸納 1. 不只有一種英語 more than one kind of English 2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways 3. 彼此不同 be different from one another 4. 與現(xiàn)代英語不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 起著的重要作用 play an important role / part 6. 起著越來越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role 7. 因為它特殊的作用 because of its special role 8. 國際語言 an international language 9. 在16世紀末 at the end of the 16 th century 10. 在17世紀初 at the beginning of the 17 th century 11. 在20世紀前期 in the early 20 th century 12. 即使 even if / even though 13. 以德語為基礎(chǔ) be based on German 14. 使用更大的詞匯量 make use of a wider vocabulary 15. 它自己的特色 its own identity 16. 眾多講英語的人 a very large number of English speakers 17. 學(xué)英語的人數(shù) the number of people learning English 18. 信不信由你 believe it or not 19. 講最好的英語 speak excellent English 20. 從一個地方搬到另一個地方 move from one place to another 21. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects 22. 國際組織 an international organization 23. 辨認出他的口音 recognize his accent 24. 發(fā)出命令 give commands 25. 提出客氣的請求 make a polite request 要點提煉 Section A 重要詞語辨析 1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour 【解釋】 voyage: 去國外或較遠地方的海上旅行 Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942. journey: 指較遠的從一地到另一地旅行，距離較遠，多指陸地 They will make a journey to Beijing by train. travel: 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游 We had six days’ travel by car. trip: (短途)旅行 The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall. tour: 為了公務(wù)、娛樂或教育參觀多處名勝的旅行 We will make a tour of Hainan next week. 【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空 1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow. 2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months. 3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend. 4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle. 1. recognize/realize/know (1)recognize 指原來很熟悉，經(jīng)過一段時間的間隔或別的原因后又重新認出來。 (2)realize 強調(diào)在經(jīng)過一個過程后的了解。 (3)know 是延續(xù)性動詞，指互相間十分熟悉、十分了解 [應(yīng)用1](1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health. (2)I've ________________ Tom for years. (3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room 2. such as/for example/that is/and so on (1)such as 用于列舉事物時常放在所列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，且其后不用逗號，直接跟所列舉的事物，可與 like互換。它所列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等同于前面所提的事物的總和，否則就用 that is或 namely。 (2)for example 主要用于舉例說明，其前后多用符號隔開。其位置比較靈活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列舉的事物之前)。 (3)that is 相當于 namely，它所列舉的事物的總量等于前面所提到的事物的總和。 (4)and so on 對幾個事物進行列舉時，在說了其中的幾個以后，用．..and so on進行概括，說明還有例子，但不一一列出了。 [練習](1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E. (2)Overcooking(烹飪過度), ____________， destroys many nutrients(營養(yǎng)素). (3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German. (4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag. 4 a number of / the number of 【解釋】 a number of意思是“若干；許多” the number of意思是“……的數(shù)目” 【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空 1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly. 2). ____________ books in the market are in English. 重要詞性變化 1. actual adj. 實際的 actually adv. 實際上；事實上 2. base n. 基地；基礎(chǔ) base v. 以……為根據(jù) basic adj. 基本的 3. east n. 東方 eastern adj. 東方的；東部的 ? 【練習】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空 1) What did he _________ say? (actual) 2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual) 3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base) 4）She used her family's history as a _________ for her novel. (base) 5）This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base) 6）He is interested in ________ customs. (determine) 7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (determine) 重點詞匯，短語，句式 1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的 You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得獲得官方批準才可以砍伐這些樹。 There will be an official inquiry into the matter.將對這件事進行正式調(diào)查。 【拓展】official 或 officer兩者都有官員的意思，但是所指不同 1， official常指政府官員或行政官員 2， officer常指身特定制服的官員，如軍官或者警官等。 練習：我爸爸是軍官，而他爸爸是政府官員。 My father is an________ in the army, while his father is an________ in the government. 答案：officer official 3. native adj. 本國的；本土的 n.本地人，本國人 The women are native people.這些婦女是本地人。 Finally, she returned to her native land.她最后返回了她的祖國。 The panda is a native of China.熊貓原產(chǎn)于中國。 【注意】native 做形容詞用時，只能做前置定語。 be native to 意為（動植物）是…特有的，原產(chǎn)于… The tiger is native to India, 這種虎產(chǎn)于印度。 4. actually adv. 實際上；事實上 （相當于in fact/ as a matter of fact） He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous. 他看起來很鎮(zhèn)定，實際上卻非常緊張。 Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film. Actually, I think I will just go to bed. 或許我會熬夜看這部電影，不過我想我還是去睡覺吧。 【其他】actually adv.居然；竟然 He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然指望我給他付票錢。 actual adj. 實在的；實際的；實際上；確實 What were his actual words? 他到底怎么說的？ 5. base vt. 以…為基礎(chǔ) n.基礎(chǔ)；基地； I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把希望寄托在我們昨天的得到的好消息上。 This provides a good base for the development of new techniques. 這為新技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 base sth on sth 以某事物為另一事物的根據(jù)或基礎(chǔ) be based on 以…為基礎(chǔ) on the base of… 以…為基礎(chǔ) an air base 空軍基地 The story is based on facts.這個故事是以事實為基礎(chǔ)的。 One should always base one’s opinions on facts.一個人的觀點應(yīng)該以事實為基礎(chǔ)。 6．gradual adj.逐漸的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐漸地，逐步地 Things gradually improved. 情況已經(jīng)漸漸地改善。 gradual adj.逐漸的，逐步的 This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother. 他對待繼母的態(tài)度正在逐漸改變。 7. latter adj. 較后的；后半的；后者的 She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life. 在她的后半生，她過的很辛苦。 【注意】the latter (已提到的兩者中的)后者，通常與the former(前者)相對應(yīng) They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favour the latter. 注意區(qū)分later 后來 8. frequent adj. 頻繁的；常見的 His visit became less frequent as time passed. 隨時時間的流逝，他漸漸不常登門了。 frequently adv. 常常；頻繁的 Buses run frequently from the city to the airport. 公共汽車不斷的從城市開往機場。 詞組1. because of 因為；由于 [典例]1). They are here because of us. 他們是因為我們來這里的。 [短語歸納] because of 是復(fù)合介詞。 because 是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。 [練習] ⑴ He came late to school again _______ he got up too late. ⑵ The girl cried __________ what the teacher said. ⑶ we have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather. because of的近義詞組 thanks to 因為；由于 as a result of 由于…的原因 by reason of 因為 due to 因為，由于 owing to 歸功于… Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多虧了他的幫助，我按時完后了任務(wù)。 I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天氣原因我只能呆在家里。 2.come up走近；上來；提出 [典例] 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告訴他去警察局的路。 3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 這個問題在會議上一定會被提出來的。 5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕發(fā)生了什么急事。 [短語歸納] come across邂逅 偶遇 come about發(fā)生 come at向…撲來,攻擊 come from 來自 come out 出版;開花；結(jié)果是 come up with想出 come true實現(xiàn) come down下來；傳承 [練習] 用come構(gòu)成的詞組填空。 1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him. 2). The magazine __________ once a month. 3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday. 4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy. 5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning. 3. at present 現(xiàn)在，目前 1. present n. 禮物adj. 在場的；目前的vt. 贈送 [典例] 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.這輛山地自行車是父母給我的生日禮物。 2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕現(xiàn)在我沒法幫助你。 3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情況，我建議你等等。 I am afraid I can’t help you just at present ---I am too basy.恐怕現(xiàn)在我?guī)筒涣四?，我太忙了? [重點用法] at present=at the present time=now 目前，現(xiàn)在 be present at 出席；到場(反義： be absent from) present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送給某人 【注意】present作為adj.“現(xiàn)在的；當前的”講時，常做前置定語；而做“出席的，到場的”講時，常做后置定語。 He doesn’t know how to deal with the present problem. 他不知道則呢么應(yīng)對當前的局勢。 The people present at the meeting are advanced workers. 出席會議的人都是先進工作者。 [練習] 中譯英 1). 所有（那些）在場者一眼就看出那個錯誤。 2). 這本書是哥哥贈送給我的。 答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 2). This book was a present from my brother. 4. make use of 利用；使用 [典例] 1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你應(yīng)該好好利用機會練習英語。use前可加形容詞，表示不同程度的利用。 [短語歸納] make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用 use up 用盡，耗盡 You are not making the best (use) of your talents.你并沒有充分發(fā)揮你的才能。 [練習] 1). 要充分利用一切機會說英語。2). 我們要很好地發(fā)揮她的才能。 答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We will make good use of her talents. 5. such as例如；像這種的 1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些詩人, 如濟慈和雪萊, 寫的是浪漫主義的詩歌 2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 蘭花和報春花之類的野花越來越少了 [練習] 用such as或for example填空 1). I like drinks __________ tea and soda. 2). The report is incomplete; it doesn’t include sales in France, ________. 句型 1.Why not go by underground? 為什么不坐地鐵去呢？ Why not +V原 句式，表示提出建議或?qū)δ承┙ㄗh表示同意。 =why don’t you/we do…? 2. Which country do you think has the most English learners? [解釋]本句包含一個結(jié)構(gòu)，疑問詞+do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose/suggest +陳述句 此結(jié)構(gòu)又稱為雙重疑問句，用來征詢對某一觀點的看法，判斷，認識，猜測和請求，表疑問的插入語又起到主句的作用，所以其后一定要用陳述句語序。 注意：如果插入語是do you suggest時，句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)用should+動詞原形 What time?do?you?expect we will?come and pick you up？你希望我們幾點來接你？ What?do?you?suppose?he?will?do after he hears about the good news？ 你認為他聽到那個好消息后會做什么呢？ Why?do?you?think?their team could win the football match? 你認為他們隊為什么能贏得那場足球賽呢？ 3. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今說英語的人比以往任何時候都多，他們有的是作為第一語言來說，有的是作為第二語言或者外語。 [解釋] than ever before 常與比較級連用，意為“比以往任何時候更”。如： The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星點綴在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。 [練習] 中譯英 1). 簡看起來比以前漂亮多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。 答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). It's raining harder than ever before. 【拓展】：(1)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞還有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however 等等。 (2)as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但要把其表語、謂語或賓語前置，且前置的單數(shù)名詞不可以加冠詞。 ①Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited. 即使你們在工作中取得了巨大的成績，也不應(yīng)該自滿。 ②Whatever you do, do it well. 不管你做什么，把它做好。 ③However hot it is, he won't take off his hat. 不管多熱，他都不摘下帽子。 ④Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness. 盡管她是個女孩，她敢一個人走夜路。 [即境活用1]　(2007·浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable. A．a(chǎn)s if B．now that C．even though D．so that 4.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以互相理解。 句中even if 是連接詞組，用來引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句，意為“即使；盡管”相當于even though We wouldn’t buy the car even if we could afford it. 即使我們付得起這筆錢，也不會買這輛車。 【注意】此句型主將從現(xiàn)的用法 We will visit the museum even though/if it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨我們也要去參觀這家博物館。 【辨析】even though/if 和 as if/though even though/if 表示“盡管；即使”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 as if/though 表示“好像”引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句，其從句一般用虛擬語氣，若所陳述的情況很有可能實現(xiàn)，也可以用陳述語氣。 Even if he is poor, she loves him . Tom looks as if he were an artist. 5.At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English today.首先，大約在公園450年到1150年間，英國人所說的英語與今天所說的英語很不不一樣。 本句中兩個English后面都跟了過去分詞spoken做后置定語，相當于定語從句which/that is/was spoken,過去分詞作定語表示被動或完成。 Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun? The building built there is our lab. 【注意】過去分詞作定語的時候，單個的分詞作定語的時候，一般位于其修飾的名詞前；分詞短語作定語，一般位于其修飾你的名詞之后，被過去分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語，該分詞與被修飾詞之間存在動賓關(guān)系。 The stolen car was found by the police last week. 警察上周找到了那輛失竊的車。 Section B重點詞匯，短語，句式 1. usage n.使用；用法；詞語慣用法 It’s not a word in common usage.這不是一個常用詞。 Car usage is predicted to increase. 汽車的使用頻率預(yù)計會增長。 【辨析】use和usage 作為名詞，兩者都有“使用”之意，但是用法略有不同。 Usage做“用法”講的時候，側(cè)重某物的使用方法或慣用法，做“使用，利用”的時候，側(cè)重于事物的使用頻率。 use做名詞用時，意為“用，使用，得到利用”，強調(diào)的是某物“被使用的事實或狀態(tài)”。 current English usage 當代英語慣用法 land usage 土地的利用 I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time. 我不能肯定我的時間這樣安排是最有價值的。 【例題】I don’t know the _____ of the world. The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in _____ today. usage use 2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握 1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。 [重點用法] command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由…指揮,由…控制 in command of 控制… be at one’s command 聽任某人支配 have / take command of… 指揮… [特別提醒] command后接that從句時要用虛擬語氣 should(not)+動詞原形，should可省略 The general commanded that we (should) attack at once. 將軍命令我們立即進攻。 [練習] 用適當?shù)慕樵~填空 1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life. 2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command. 3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation. 答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of 3. request n.& v. 請求；要求 [典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的請求能夠獲準。. 2). I requested him to help. 我請求他幫忙。 [重點用法] at the request of sb = at one’s request 按照某人的要求/請求 in request 有需求，受歡迎 by request 依照請求，應(yīng)邀 request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事(被動形式：sb be requested to do sth) request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事 request做動詞，如后接從句作賓語，從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語部分要用should(not)+動詞原形，should可省略 She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision until the next meeting. 她要求在下次開會之前不要告訴任何人她的決定。 【擴展】像request /command一樣，其后的名詞性從句的謂語用“(should)+ 動詞原形”的常用詞有： 一個“堅持(insist)”； 兩個“命令(order，command)”； 三個“建議(suggest，advise，propose)”； 四個“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”； ⑴ He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation. ⑵ He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation. ⑶ The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports. [練習] 中譯英。 1). 我是（特別）應(yīng)你要求而來。 2). 請不要吸煙。 答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke. 【辨析】 ask request beg 三者都有“要求”的意思，但是用法略有不同。 (1)若要某人做某事ask最通俗，最口語化。 (2)request主要用于較正式的講話和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被動語態(tài)。 (3)beg是以謙恭的姿態(tài)要求給予幫助，可以為“祈求” I asked her to shut the window. Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car. 乘客請勿在車廂內(nèi)吸煙。 He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him. 重點句型：It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native English speaker.對于中國人來說，把英語講的像以英語為母語的人那樣是很不容易的。 本句中含有一個It+be+形容詞/名詞+for sb to do sth 句型。其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式，介詞for用來引出不定式的邏輯主語。 It is not easy for her to solve the problem by herself. 對于她而言，獨自解決這個問題不容易。 It will be a mistake for you not to do your homework. 不做作業(yè)對你來說是個錯誤。 【注意】該句式中的形容詞若是kind, good, nice, clever, silly, wrong, right, stupid, rude, impolite, 等表示主觀情感和態(tài)度的詞時，后面的介詞我們用of而不用for。 It is kind of you to think so much for us. =You are kind to think much of us. 你能為我們想這么多真實太好了。 If you use “flat” instead of “apartment”, people in America will know you have learnt British English.如果你用“flat”而不是“apartment”,美國人會認為你學(xué)的英式英語。 本句中含有一個“instead of”句式，意為“替代，而不是”后面接介詞短語，名詞或者動名詞。 We just had soup instead of a full meal. 我們沒有吃全餐，只喝了湯。 Now I can walk to work instead of going by car. 現(xiàn)在我可以步行去上班，而不必開車了。 Section C重點詞匯，短語，句式 1.expression n.詞語；表達；表示；表情 He looked at me without expression. 他毫無表情地看著我。 Do you know that expression? 你知道這個表達嗎？ 2. recognize vt. 辨認出；承認；公認 [典例] 1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認出了她。 2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承認他為合法繼承人。 [重點用法] recognize…by sth 認出或識別某人/某事物 be recognize…as sth 被承認某人/某事物是 recognize…to be承認…是 recognize +賓語從句 意識到；承認 [練習] 中譯英 1). 人們都承認他是他們理所當然的領(lǐng)袖。 2). 我認出他是我朋友的哥哥。 答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader. 2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother. 【辨析】recognize和know recognize指你原來很熟悉，經(jīng)過一段時間間隔或者別的原因然后又重新認出來，是短暫性動詞。 know是延續(xù)性動詞，指相互十分熟悉，十分了解。 I didn’t recognize the famous singer because she wore glasses. We have known each other for five years. 3. straight adj.筆直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直 [典例] 1). This is a straight road. 這是一條直路。 2). She went straight from school to university. 她中學(xué)一畢業(yè)就馬上進了大學(xué)。 [練習] 中譯英1).我的領(lǐng)帶系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。 答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead. 4. block vt. 堵塞；阻礙n. 街區(qū)；木塊；石塊 [典例] 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方與此處相隔三條街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了 [重點用法] a block of 一大塊 block out 堵住 block off 封鎖；封閉 block up 堵塞；阻礙 [練習] 中譯英 1). 他們在繞樓群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往蘇格蘭的道路。 答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block. 2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland 重點詞組1.play a part (in) 扮演一個角色；參與 [典例] 1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她積極參與地方政治活動。 2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她對該計劃的成功起了重要作用。 翻譯：中國在當今世界扮演著重要的角色。 __China is playing an important part/role _in the world today. [短語歸納] take part (in sth)參加, 參與（某事物 for the most part 整體上; 通常; 多半 the best part of sth（某事物的）絕大部分（尤指一段時間） for my part就我來說 [練習] 中譯英 1). 有多少國家要參加（世界杯賽）？ 2). 對我來說, 到哪兒吃飯都無所謂。 答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat. 其他短語2．ever before 從前 3．even if/though 即使 4．over time 長期以來 5 . in the early days 在早期 6. Believe it or not信不信由你 7. a number of ＋N. 許多,大量. 作主語時, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù). the number of ＋N. …的數(shù)量. 作主語時, 謂語用單數(shù) A number of people have read this novel. The number of people here is 50. 重點句型1. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標準英語。 (1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入語。 (2)no such thing 沒有這樣的事情。such與 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等詞連用時，應(yīng)位于它們的后面。 ①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer. 信不信由你，他拒絕接受我們的幫助。 ②There is no such street in the city. 這城市沒有那樣的街道。 ③He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse. 他說他沒有時間或別的諸如此類的借口。 [即境活用2]　(2009·安徽)I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last. A．In a word B．What’s more C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not 解析：句意：想不到又一次收到學(xué)校老師的來信，信不信由你，我們上次見面還是在十年前。in a word總之；what’s more而且；that’s to say也就是說；believe it or not信不信由你。 答案：D 2. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) [應(yīng)用3]　(1)—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down. A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled 解析：with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，work和fill是主動關(guān)系，且表示正在進行，因此其后要用doing結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：B (2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it. A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished 解析：根據(jù)work和finish是被動關(guān)系，可以判斷出答案。 答案：A (3)______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 解析：根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)采用“with＋賓語＋不定式”。 答案：A (4)It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room ______ his nose red. A．to B．on C．in D．with 解析：這個句子考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，用“with＋名詞＋形容詞”做狀語表示伴隨情況。而to、on、in作為介詞則沒有這種用法，故排除A、B、C，答案為D。句意是：外面天氣很冷，那個男孩跑進了屋子時，鼻子紅紅的。 答案：D 語法講解 引語的概念（以課文88頁為主，本文重在方法提煉與鞏固） 直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語 直接引語通常都用引號括起來 用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫間接引語 間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個 _賓語從句 Direct Speech She said, “I like singing. ” She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” Indirect Speech She said she liked singing She said she was waiting for a bus. 總結(jié)：直接引語是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句.從句中的人稱,時態(tài),指示代詞,時間狀語,地點狀語等相應(yīng)變化.（見課本88） 補充： Direct Speech She asked, “Have you seen the film?” He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?” She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?” He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?” Indirect Speech She asked me whether\if I had seen the film. He asks John if\whether he is a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off. He asked them who had given them a talk the day before. 總結(jié) 直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,用連詞if或whether連接。 直接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,仍用原來的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)。 解題步驟:1.陳述句 “I don’t li