高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解21

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河南省上蔡縣2017高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 【2014高考英語《考試大綱》調(diào)研卷二模試題】 Bees add an estimated eighteen billion dollars a year to the value of American crops. They pollinate (授粉)flowers that become fruits, nuts and vegetables. But, in recent years, honeybee colonies in the United States and Europe have been shrinking. Scientists have proposed different theories to explain what is known as colony collapse disorder. New research suggests that a commonly used group of insecticide (殺蟲劑)could cause bees to have a hard time finding their way back to their hive. The new research looks at the use of pesticides called neonicotinoids. They were first used in the 1990s. They are now put on the seeds of many major crops around the world. The seedlings absorb the chemical as they grow. That means farmers do not need to spray a whole field. Instead there is a little bit of insecticide inside each plant — including the pollen (花粉)and the nectar(花蜜)that the bees want. There is not enough pesticide to kill them. But the new research in the journal Science says it may harm them anyway. Researchers stuck microchips to the backs of the bees. These chips recorded the bees movements as they came and went from their hive. The scientists fed some bees sugar water with a low dose of a neonicotinoid. The study found that these bees were about twice as likely not to return as other bees. Dave Goulson at the University of Sterling in Britain worked on another study published in Science. He says the pesticides could help explain why bumblebee populations are also decreasing. Bayer CropScience makes neonicotinoid pesticides. The companys spokesman Jack Boyne disputed the findings. He also notes that researchers are studying other factors that could affect the bees population. These include parasites, diseases and stress caused by transporting beehives to farms. Some European countries have banned the pesticides. And there are growing calls to ban them in the United States as well. 67. The underlined word "shrinking" in Paragraph 1 most probably means ____. A. increasing B. decreasing C. disappearing D. continuing 68. Why were microchips tied to the backs of the bees? A. To record how much honey the bees produce. B. To test how the bees react to the microchips. C. To find if the insecticide affects the bees population. D. To keep track of the bees movements. 69. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that____. A. the pesticides have been forbidden to use in all European countries B. Bayer CropScience agrees that the pesticides affect the bees’ population C. transporting beehives to farms can surely have an effect on bees D. the use of pesticides is likely to be banned in more countries 70. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Relationship between pesticides and bees. B. Honeybee colony collapse disorder. C. New findings about the reduction of bees. D. Pesticides that kill bees "must be banned". 【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇科普說明文。最新研究表明殺蟲劑的使用是導(dǎo)致蜜蜂數(shù)量減少的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住? 【長(zhǎng)難句解讀】 New research suggests that a commonly used group of insecticide (殺蟲劑)could cause bees to have a hard time finding their way back to their hive. 分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；to have a hard finding their way back to their hive是不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 譯文:新的研究表明，一組常用的殺蟲劑有可能導(dǎo)致蜜蜂很難找到回蜂巢的路。 67. B【命題意圖】考查詞義猜測(cè)。 【解題思路】依據(jù)本句中轉(zhuǎn)折連詞"But"和下文的"colony collapse disorder"可知，蜜蜂對(duì)美國的農(nóng)作物有重要作用，但是最近幾年蜜蜂蜂群數(shù)量一直在下降。因此選B。 68. C【命題意圖】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 【解題思路】依據(jù)第三段中的"These chips recorded the bees movements as they came and went from their hive."可推知，這樣做的主要目的是記錄蜜蜂往返于蜂房的活動(dòng)規(guī)律，進(jìn)一步推斷殺蟲劑是否影響其活動(dòng)規(guī)律。 69. D【命題意圖】考查推理判斷。 【解題思路】由最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，歐洲一些國家已經(jīng)禁止使用殺蟲劑，美國禁用殺蟲劑的呼聲也越來越高，因此可推知可能會(huì)有更多的國家禁用殺蟲劑。 70. C【命題意圖】考查主旨大意。 【解題思路】本文是一篇科普說明文，主要說的是最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂蜂群近年數(shù)量下降，故選C。 閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous. Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing. Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反對(duì)), whatever is scientifically possible will be done—somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to build a safer world. In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影響) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict. Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. 1. What can we conclude from the recent study? A. People think highly of science. B. People hold mixed opinions about science. C. Science is getting dangerously out of control. D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes. 2. According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control? A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down. B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science. C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future. D. People will work more actively to put science under control. 3. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because　　　.　 A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomes B. the ties between different areas need strengthening C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers. B. The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes. C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts. D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas. 【參考答案】1-4 BCDB　　 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 【2014高考英語模擬試題】 Get a FREE YEAR! Order NOW and get a FREE YEAR of Parents magazine! That’s 2 full years (24 issues) for the regular 1-year rate -- just $12. But HURRY, this offer wont last! (U.S. orders only, please.) Every issue of PARENTS is filled with practical advice from leading doctors and child experts ... toys and games that develop reader - tested products and more! 100% Money-Back Guarantee: You must be pleased, or you may cancel any time during the life of your subscription(訂閱) and get all your money back -- no questions asked. Parents Magazine is published 12 times per year. Savings are based on $12.00 annual subscription rate. State taxes may apply to your order. E-mail address required to access your account and member benefits online. We will not share your e-mail address with anyone. 72. The purpose of the advertisement is ________. A. to help parents with their daily life B. to collect more money for charity C. to attract more subscribers D. to introduce a new product 73. Which of the following is TRUE according to the ad? A. Only $12 is to be paid for 24 issues of the magazine. B. Readers can get a free offer of the magazine any time of the year. C. Readers from all over the world can enjoy the free offer. D. Readers can communicate face to face with child experts on the Internet. 74. Where can we most probably read the ad? A. In the newspaper. B. In a website. C. In a supermarket. D. In a library. 75. A reader subscribed PARENTS 3 months ago, but now he finds the magazine dissatisfying. What can he do? A. He can cancel without getting his money back. B. He can cancel after answering a series of questions. C. He can email them to access his bank account to get all your money back. D. He can cancel and get all his money back without answering any questions. 【參考答案】72-75: CABD 【2014高考英語四川省涼山州一模試題】C GONE WITH THE WIND Author; Margaret Mitchell 25 (in bookstores) 18 (online) Gone With the Wind is a best-seller, which tells a story that happened in the American Civil War. Scarlett O’Hara is a woman in the story who is full of energy. She is strong and saves her family but is very selfish at the same time. A LITTLE PRINCESS Author：Frances Hodgson Burnett 18.3 (online) Motherless Sara Crewe was sent home from India to school at Miss Minchin’s. Her father was very rich and she lived a rich and comfortable life. Then her father died and Sara lost everything. She had to learn to do with her changed life. Her strong character made her able to fight successfully against her poverty and the scorn（嘲笑）of her fellows. Its an excellent book with 4 tapes for children. PETERPAN Author; J. M. Barrie 15 (in bookstores) 12 (online) It is a children’，story full of imagination and adventures,which is about Wendy，John, and Michael Darling’s adventures in Never-Never Land with Peter Pan,the boy who would not grow up. The children are happy and lovely. (with 2 tapes) UNCLE TOM’S CABIN Author; Harriet Beecher Stowe 20 (in bookstores) The most famous novel in American history, Uncle Tom’s Cabin talked about the struggle between free states and slave states during the American Civil War and is as powerful today as when it first came out 150 years ago. THE SECRET GARDEN Author; Frances Hodgson Bumett 35 (in bookstores) 30 (online) Mary Lennox, a sickly orphan（孤兒），finds herself in her uncles dark house. Why are so many moms locked? Why is one of the gardens locked? And what is that crying she hears at night? Thmugh the power of hope, friendship, and the magic of nature, the brave girl brings the house and a long-lost garden back to life 39. All of the following books have children as their main characters EXCEPT A. PETER P、N B. GONE WITH THE WIND C. ALrrrLE PRINCESS D. THE SECRET G、RDE 40. We can know from the text that A. there are three books about American Civil War B. we can buy any of the above books either in bookstores or online C. two of the above books were written by Frances Hodgson Bumett D. THE SECRET GARDEN is 5 cheaper in bookstores than online 41．Mary brings the house and a long-lost garden back to life with the help of一一一一一． .. the power of hope b. friendship c. her uncle d. natures magic A. a, b, c B. a, c, d C. b, c, d D. a, b, d 42. Which of the following about the books is mentioned in this text? A. What caused his fathers death. B. Why Peter Pan wouldnt grow up C. What kind of woman Scarlett is. D. How Marry Lennox came into her uncle’s house. 【參考答案】39—40、BC 41—42、DC 【2014高考英語四川省涼山州一模試題】D There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external(外部的）result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they go through new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to be faced with the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at fist. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making 43. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when he____． A. has been admitted into a key university B. has made great efforts in his work C. is interested in making anything new D. has tried to determine where he is on his journey 44. In the authors eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would A. judge his ability to grow from his own achievements B. succeed in climbing up the social ladder C. face difficulties and take up challenges D. aim high and reach his goal each time 45. What’s the meaning of the underlined word "cease" in paragraph 4? A. continue B. stop C. promote D. adapt 46. For personal growth, the author may not support______． A. curiosity and more chances B. being quick in self-adaptation C. open-minded to new experiences D. avoidance of internal fears and doubts 【參考答案】43—45、ACB