牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊《比較級與最高級》語法專講

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1、比較級與最高檔語法專講 形容詞分為三種級別:原級,比較級與最高檔。 一、形容詞的原級及用法 ◆形容詞的原級(形容詞本來面目不作變化) 1.表達(dá)沒有進(jìn)行比較或進(jìn)行同級比較 2.可以修飾原級的詞: very quite enough(“足夠”,用在形容詞后) so pretty too how rather(相稱) (not) as…as (“(不)像…同樣”,同級比較) not so…as (“不像…同樣”,同級比較) e.g. How happy we are! 我們多么快樂??！ Thi

2、s ruler is as long as that one. 這把尺子和那把同樣長。(變否認(rèn)句) This ruler is not as/so long as that one. 二、形容詞比較級最高檔變化規(guī)則 ①單音節(jié)詞比較級在詞尾加er,最高檔加est cold —colder —coldest tall —taller —tallest high —higher —highest long —longer —longest ②以字母e結(jié)尾的詞只加r或st nice —nicer —nicest

3、 late —later —latest fine —finer —finest ③重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加er或est big —bigger —biggest hot —hotter —hottest wet — wetter —wettest thin —thinner —thinnest red—redder —reddest fat —fatter —fattest sad —sadder —saddest ④以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞把y變i再加er或est easy — easier — easies

4、t early — earlier — earliest funny — funnier — funniest happy — happier — happiest heavy— heavier — heaviest dirty — dirtier — dirtiest ⑤多音節(jié)詞、部分雙音節(jié)詞(特別是ful結(jié)尾及v.+ed/ing構(gòu)成的形容詞)及個別單音節(jié)詞(fun)在前面加more或most interesting important difficult excitied tired careful popular e

5、xpensive boring fun ⑥不規(guī)則變化 little — less — least good / well — better — best bad / ill / badly —— worse —— worst many / much —— more —— most old —— older —— oldest (年齡大的,與than連用) old — elder — eldest(“年長的”,只作定語不與than連用) far —— farther —— farthest (距離遠(yuǎn)) far ——

6、further —— furthest (除距離外,還指限度上更進(jìn)一步的) ◆副詞比較級和最高檔的變化規(guī)則大體與此相似 三、比較級用法 1.表達(dá)兩者之間進(jìn)行比較,“更…” 2.可以修飾比較級的詞: much = a lot (…得多) a little = a bit (…一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)) even (甚至) far (遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)…) any (絲毫,稍微, 用于否認(rèn)和疑問句中) 3.比較級標(biāo)志: than or 4.形容詞比較級句式: ①A + be + 形容詞的比較級 + than + B. (A比

7、B…) ②Which/Who +be +形容詞比較級, A or B? (哪個/誰更…, A 還是B？) 練習(xí)寫出下列句子 凱特很瘦。 凱特和瑪麗誰更瘦？ 瑪麗比凱特更瘦。 瑪麗比凱特更瘦嗎？是的,她是。 這個書包和這個箱子不同樣沉。 這個書包和這個箱子哪個更沉？ 這個箱子比書包更沉。 5.副詞比較級句式:①A＋實(shí)義動詞＋副詞的比較級＋than B. (A…得比B…) ②Which/Who +實(shí)義動詞三單, A or B? (哪個/誰…得更…, A還是B？) 練習(xí)寫出下

8、列句子 自行車和轎車哪個走得快？ 轎車比自行車走得快。 這只羊和這只狗跑得不同樣快。 這只羊比狗跑得快嗎？ 吉姆比湯姆上床睡覺早。 (上句同義句) ___________________________________________ 6.比較級特殊用法: ①the +比較級+of the two… —— “兩者中較…的” 她是兩個男孩中較高的。He’s the taller of the two boys. ②“比較級+and+比較級”或“more and more +多音節(jié)詞” —— “越來越…” 她越來越高。 He’s taller and t

9、aller. 英語越來越重要 English is more and more important. ③The+比較級…, the+比較級… —— “越…, 越…” 你越快樂就越美麗。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. ④not +比較級+than… —— “不如…, 不比…” no +比較級+than… —— “同樣都不…” You are not taller than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我同樣都不高。 ⑤比較級

10、+than any other +sig.+in+同一范疇 —— “比同一范疇中其她任何一種更…” 比較級+than any +sig.+in+非同一范疇 ——“比非同一范疇中任何一種更…” She’s nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其她任何一種女孩都美麗。 (主語自身就在比較范疇之中,因此是在同一范疇就主語與其她任何一種比較) She’s nicer than any girl in her sister’s class. 她比她妹妹班里任何一種女孩都美麗。 (主語不在該較范疇之中,因此主語可以與該范疇內(nèi)

11、任何一種作比較) ◆該用法雖然浮現(xiàn)了in所引導(dǎo)的比較范疇但是仍要用比較級,此成為用比較級表達(dá)最高檔,實(shí)質(zhì)是最高檔。 四、最高檔用法 1.表達(dá)三者或三者以上的比較,“最…” 2.形容詞最高檔前必須加the,副詞前的the可以省略。 3.最高檔標(biāo)志:in of or 4.句式:①the + 最高檔 +(n.) + in +比較范疇 我是我們班最聰穎的。I’m the cleverest in our class. ②the + 最高檔 +(n.) + of +同類事物 這本書是所有書中最有趣的。The book

12、is the most interesting of all the books. ③Which/Who +v.(單數(shù)) +最高檔, A, B or C? Jay, Will和JJ誰最收歡迎？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ? 五、例題解析與難點(diǎn)攻克 ◆主語為人時than背面的比較對象若用代詞用主格還是賓格？ 請判斷正誤: 1. She looks nicer than I do. ( ) She looks nicer than I.

13、 ( ) She looks nicer than me. ( ) Notes:than可以作連詞其后跟省略句,該省略句構(gòu)成為(主格+助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞),而謂語部分可省略; than還可以作介詞在口語中跟人稱代詞賓格 ◆主語為物時的比較對象的一致性問題 2.Her hair is longer than her mother. ( ) Her hair is longer than her mother’s. ( ) 3.My bag is bigger tha

14、n you. ( ) My bag is bigger than your. ( ) My bag is bigger than your bag. ( ) My bag is bigger than yours. ( ) Notes:比較對象應(yīng)與主語對等,當(dāng)主語為限定詞+n.時,than后的其比較對象可為: ①限定詞+n. ②名詞所有格(一般省略其后相似的名詞) ③名詞性物主代詞(=形容詞性物主代詞+n.)

15、mine yours his hers its ours theirs 4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( ) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( ) Notes:當(dāng)主語有后置定語修飾時,為保證比較對象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比較對象。 ◆比較范疇 5.The Changjing River is the longest ____ China. The C

16、hangjing River is the longest ____all the rivers in China. Notes:在最高檔中,in后跟比較范疇,of后跟進(jìn)行比較的同類事物。 6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia( ) ◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換問題 7.He is taller than anyone else in the class. = He is taller __

17、__ ____ _____ student in the class. = He is taller _____ _____ ______ students in the class. = He is the ____ ____ student in the class. Notes:同一范疇內(nèi)比較 比較級+than any other +sig.+in =比較級+than anyone else +in… =比較級+than the other +pl.+in… (只有同一范疇比較才干浮現(xiàn)other/else) 非同一范疇內(nèi)比較 比較級+than any+si

18、g.+in… 8. This coat is more expensiver than that one. = That coat is ________ than this one. = That coat isn’t _____ big _____ this one. Notes: A+v.+比較級+than+B (A比B更…) = B+v.+比較級反義詞+than+A (B 比A更…) = B+v.+not as(so)… as… (B與A不同樣…) ◆“l(fā)ess+多音節(jié)詞原級+than…” “不如…” — 降級比較

19、 = That coat is less expensive than this one. Self Check 1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed ____ tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later 2.The food of our country is ___ than that of western countries. A.rather good than B.much better

20、 than C.more better than D.so goos as 3.The ice in the lake is as ____ as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest 4.Who is _____ running star in your school? A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous 5.—Which season do you like ____

21、_? —Summer. A.good B.well C.the better D.best 6.Lucy’s pen is ___ nicer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little 7.—Is your brother as outgoing as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is ________. A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I C.more out

22、going than me D.as outgoing as I 8.—How are you today? —Much ____. A.good B.well C.better D.the best 9.Tom’s card is newer than ____. A.our B.her C.my D.his 10.___ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other

23、 flower D. Not all flowers 11.Mary studies harder ______ in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone 1.He is 3 times as _____(old) as me. 2.I’m too tired to go any _________.(far) 3.Who is _____, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _______(heavy) o

24、f the three. 5.Tom is the _______ of the two boys. 6.Russia is _______(large) than any other country in the world. 7.His computer is the _______________(expensive) of all. 8.You are pretty ___________(beautiful). 9.The book is ____________(useful) than that one. 10.Who’s the _________(healthy)

25、 , you, he or she? 11.How ______(small) the shirt is! I want a ________ (big) one. 12.You have _______(short) and ______(curly) hair than Susan. 13.Is this street a lot ______(noisy) than that one? 14.I feel much _____________(excited) now. 15.Soccer is becoming _____ and ______ _________(popal

26、ar) in China. 16.My sister doesn’t write as _____(good) as I do. 17.The ______(much) you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be. 18.No other animal is _______(scary) than a snake. 19.Math is less ________(difficult) than English. 20.What a _______(funny) boy! 21.You’re _______(bad)

27、at sports than me. 22.It’s the third _______ (long) river in China. 1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag. (合并) My bag is _____ than ______. 2.You are funny. He’s funny, too. (合并) You are ______ funny _____ him. 3.Tom is thinner than Sam. (同義句) =Sam is ______ than Tom. =Sam isn’t as ______ as Tom. 4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. (合并) He is _____ quite _____ I. 5.They’re tall. You’re tall. too.But I’m taller than anyone else. (合并) I’m _____ ______ of all.