高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題 第三部分 句法篇 專題3 并列句和狀語從句課件 外研版.ppt

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第三部分句法篇,專題3并列句和狀語從句,核心考點(diǎn)精析,連詞在高考中的應(yīng)用,模擬強(qiáng)化練,,,核心考點(diǎn)精析,1.并列句的基本概念并列句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成的。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。,◆并列句的核心考點(diǎn),2.常見的并列連詞(1)表示遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有and，notonly...but(also)...等。Hehadplentyofmoneyandhespentitfreely.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly，butalsohespokemoreeasily.(2)表示選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有or，either...or...等。Eitheryouareright，orIam.(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but，yet，whereas等。Janesaidshewasill，yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow.Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults，whereasothersdonot.,(4)表示因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so，for等。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，foritiswetallover.Theshopswereclosed，soIdidn’tgetanymilk.(5)when還可用作并列連詞，意為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：①sb.wasdoingsth.when...；②sb.wasabouttodo/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...；③sb.hadjustdonesth.when...。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.(6)while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。Helikespopmusic，whileIamfondoffolkmusic.,1.before引導(dǎo)的從句中不用否定式謂語。常用如下句型：Itwillbelongbefore...(得過好久才……)Itwillnotbelongbefore...(過不了多久就……)Itwaslongbefore...(過了好久才……)Itwasnotlongbefore...(過了不久就……)2.since后面所用動詞不同，該動詞所表示動作持續(xù)時(shí)間的計(jì)算方法也不同。,◆時(shí)間狀語從句的核心考點(diǎn),Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他參軍兩年了。Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.他戒煙兩年了。,3.as，when，while用法一覽表。,4.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞除上述外還有：(1)till，not...until...，untilDon’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil/tillitwastwelveo’clock.(2)hardly/scarcely...when，nosooner...than表示“剛……就”Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.,(3)directly，immediately，themoment，theminute，theinstant，assoonas，意為“一……就”Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.Themomenthesawhismother，heburstintotears.(4)eachtime，everytimeEachtimehecametomycity，hewouldcallonme.,1.although與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。Although/Thoughtheyarepoor，(yet)theyarewarmhearted.2.evenif或eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“即使”、“縱然”，用來使人注意下文所強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)。I’llgetthereevenif/thoughIhavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair.,◆讓步狀語從句的核心考點(diǎn),3.nomatter后接who，what，where，how等疑問詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用“疑問詞＋-ever”類詞。Don’ttrusthim，nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Iwilleatwhateveryougiveme.Nomatterhowhardtheworkis，you’dbettertrytodoitwell.,4.as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，需將從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實(shí)義動詞提前至從句句首，引起倒裝；作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需省去。though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以倒裝，但although引導(dǎo)的不可以。Childas(though)heis，heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit，Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould，hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.5.while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管”，比though/although語氣弱。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般要位于句首。,1.表示不知道的原因時(shí)用because，即說話人認(rèn)為聽話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving？I’mleavingbecauseI’mfedupwiththeboss.2.表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時(shí)用as或since，即某種原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于主句之前，但有時(shí)卻相反。Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated，hesaid，“Sinceeveryoneishere，let’sstart.”,◆原因狀語從句：because，as，since，nowthat,3.下列情況下只能使用because：(1)在回答why的問句時(shí)；(2)在用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)；(3)被not所否定時(shí)。,◆地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where，wherever等,Makeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.,◆目的狀語從句：that，sothat，inorderthat,注意：目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞連用，否則可能是結(jié)果狀語從句，不可置于句首。Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlytrain.,◆結(jié)果狀語從句：that，sothat，so...that...，such...that...,注意：so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句；such＋名詞＋that從句。Sheissogoodthatwealllikeher.Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.,◆方式狀語從句：as，asif/though,I’lldoasIamtoldto.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,◆條件狀語從句：if，unless，so/aslongas，incase，once，onconditionthat等,Youcanusemybikeaslongasyoureturnitontime.,◆注意狀語從句中從句的省略現(xiàn)象,1.連詞＋非謂語動詞Don’tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.Unless(itis)repaired，thewashingmachineisnouse.Lookoutwhile(youare)crossingthestreet.Heopenedhislipsasif(heisgoing)tospeak.,2.連詞＋形容詞常見的有ifnecessary，ifpossible，whennecessary，ifany等。If(itis)necessary，Iwillgothere.Makeacarefulplanif(itis)possible.3.連詞＋介詞短語Helookedaroundasifinsearchofsomething.,,返回,,連詞在高考中的應(yīng)用,◆連詞與語法填空,并列句和狀語從句中的連詞是語法填空題中?？键c(diǎn)之一。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞，常考的并列連詞有and，but，or，so，while，when等；?？嫉膹膶龠B詞有if，although/though，once，unless，when，where，since，before，after，because，as等。,典題試做1,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞1.Oneday，thecowwaseatinggrassitbegantorainheavily.(2015廣東)解析bedoingsth.when...正在做某事這時(shí)……。when是并列連詞，意思是“正在這時(shí)”。,when,,解析答案,2.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdaysevenafewmonths.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)解析afewdays和afewmonths為選擇關(guān)系，因此要用or連接。3.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)解析結(jié)合前后句可知，此處是并列關(guān)系，故填并列連詞and。,or,and,,解析答案,4.Peter：Unbelievable!Oh...，youdon’tmind，I’llstopandtakeadeepbreath.(2014遼寧)解析句意為：……如果你不介意，我要停下來深呼吸。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故填if。5.ImadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetableIwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’regone.(2014新課標(biāo)全國樣卷)解析前一個分句Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable與后一個分句Iwenttoanswerthephone之間缺少連詞；根據(jù)句意，第二個分句是第一個分句的時(shí)間狀語從句，故填when。,if,when,,解析答案,6.Weweretoldthatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek，fortheweekafter.(2014廣東)解析考查并列連詞。not...but...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不是……而是……”。7.SoNickcalledtohisson，“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt，butpayafairpriceforit：neithertoomuchtoolittle.”(2013廣東)解析neither...nor既不……也不……，為固定搭配，“(價(jià)格)既不要太高也不要太低”。,but,nor,,解析答案,8.Someevenwritepostcardswhiletheyareonvacationsendthemtofriends.(2013廣東)解析由write和send前后兩個并列動作可知，此處應(yīng)用and連接。,and,,解析答案,應(yīng)對策略1,若設(shè)空處在兩個或兩個以上單詞或短語之間或兩句(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子)之間，并且中間沒有連詞、分號或句號，則一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。,◆連詞與短文改錯,短文改錯中對于連詞的考查主要涉及連詞使用不當(dāng)，缺少連詞以及多余連詞(although不能與but連用，because不能與so連用)等情況。,典題試做2,單句改錯(每小題1處錯誤)1.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.(2015全國Ⅰ)解析兩個簡單句之間為并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系，所以將or改為and。答案or→and2.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.(2015陜西)解析句意為：我所犯的唯一的錯誤就是當(dāng)我包裝餅干的時(shí)候，掉在了地上一些。when/while當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，after在……之后。答案after→when/while,,解析答案,3.Infact，Idon’tliketogoanymore，soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.(2015四川)解析考查連詞。句意為：事實(shí)上，我不想再去那里了，但我怕失去他們的友誼。兩個分句之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故把so改成but。答案so→but4.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.(2015浙江)解析考查狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：盡管在那座教室學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)我僅僅是一個孩子，但我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了它。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)將if改為although或though。答案If→Although/Though,,解析答案,5.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear，butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.(2014新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)解析在讓步狀語從句中，although不可以與but連用，但可以與yet連用。答案去掉but或but→yet6.Anditiswisetohaveasmanygoodfriendsthatwecan.(2014大綱全國)解析asmany...aswecan為固定句式。答案that→as,,解析答案,7.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.(2014浙江)解析couldn’tfindhisticket與becamequiteupset為并列平行關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用and連接。答案but→and8.Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.(2013陜西)解析句意為：等候了大約半個小時(shí)后，我開始不耐煩。故應(yīng)把Before改為After。答案Before→After,,解析答案,9.Hehadadeepvoice，whichsethimapartfromothersinoursmalltown，hewasstrongandpowerful.(2013新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)解析句中which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾主句Hehadadeepvoice，而主句與從句后的分句hewasstrongandpowerful之間缺少連詞，根據(jù)他們的并列關(guān)系，確定he前加and。答案he前加and10.Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(2013新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)解析句中during為介詞，不可以連接兩個獨(dú)立謂語的句子，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，后一個分句應(yīng)為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。故during應(yīng)改為when。答案during→when,,解析答案,應(yīng)對策略2,對于連詞的考查，注意首先判斷兩個或兩個以上的單詞、短語或單句之間是否有連詞，再根據(jù)不同的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷連詞是否運(yùn)用正確。解題時(shí)，可以注意以下幾個方面：(1)把握前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系，判定是并列句、主語從句、定語從句還是狀語從句，根據(jù)連詞在句中作何成分，判斷正誤；(2)注意but轉(zhuǎn)折、and并列、or或者(選擇)、so因此(結(jié)果)等邏輯關(guān)系詞之間的混用；,(3)注意although/though/while不與but連用；since/as/because不與so連用；(4)注意but與and，and與or，or與so，after與before等連詞的用法區(qū)別。,◆書面表達(dá)中并列句與狀語從句易錯點(diǎn)聚焦,(一)在書面表達(dá)中往往缺乏并列句意識，主要存在以下兩個方面的傾向：1.機(jī)械排列簡單句IbelieveIamfitforit.I’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.如果我們把意義相關(guān)的這兩個句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞連接起來，可得到下面的句子：IbelieveIamfitforit，soI’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.比較一下，同學(xué)們是不是感覺后者要優(yōu)于前者呢？并列連詞的應(yīng)用可增強(qiáng)句子之間的邏輯性和美感，使句子之間顯得更加緊湊。,2.逗號連接兩個簡單句I’menthusiasticandeasygoing，I’measytogetalongwithandcancooperatewellwithothers.在該句中含有兩個簡單句，中間用逗號起了連接作用，顯然這是不符合英語語法規(guī)則的。我們不妨做如下改動：I’menthusiasticandeasygoing，soI’measytogetalongwithandcancooperatewellwithothers.,(二)對于狀語從句，在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中主要存在以下問題：1.從句意識缺乏TheExpoisveryattractive.Wearealleagertopayavisittoit.TheExpoissoattractivethatwearealleagertopayavisittoit.通過比較不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，后句比前句更加緊湊且邏輯性強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)了交際效果。2.狀語從句成分殘缺(誤)Pleaseclosethedoorsandwindowsbeforeleavetheclassroom.(正)Pleaseclosethedoorsandwindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.由于受漢語的干擾，第一句中狀語從句中漏掉了主語。,3.連接詞誤用(誤)Teachersandparentsshouldrespectusnomatterweareinoroutsideschool.(正)Teachersandparentsshouldrespectuswhetherweareinoroutsideschool.兩句盡管從漢語角度來看意思相同，但是從語法角度nomatter一般后跟特殊疑問詞，而whether可直接引導(dǎo)狀語從句。(誤)Thoughheisconsideredagreatwriter，buthisworksarenotwidelyread.(正)Thoughheisconsideredagreatwriter，hisworksarenotwidelyread.在讓步狀語從句中，though和although不能與but連用。,,返回,,模擬強(qiáng)化練,Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Youhavetomoveoutofthewaythetruckcannotgetpastyou.解析or/otherwise否則，要不然。2.Mikewasusuallysocareful，thistimehemadeasmallmistake.解析因?yàn)榫渥又g為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞yet或but。,or/otherwise,yet/but,,解析答案,3.Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften，you’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.解析此處為順承關(guān)系，故用and連接。4.Atschool，somestudentsareactivesomeareshy，yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.解析由句中active與shy存在對比關(guān)系，故用while表示兩者的對比。5.Everythingwasplacedexactlyhewanteditforthegraduationceremony.解析根據(jù)wasplaced(被放置于)可知其后為地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用where。,and,while,where,,解析答案,6.Hotthenightairwas，wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.解析由as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)需將從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實(shí)義動詞提前至句首可知，從句表語hot提前，故用as/though。7.ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficultiesitgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.解析unless＝if...not如果不，除非。,as/though,unless,,,解析答案,8.hardyoutry，itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.解析根據(jù)設(shè)空后的副詞hard可知答案為however，howeverhard相當(dāng)于nomatterhowhard。9.Doyouknowaboutfirefighters？Oneofthegreatestheartbreaksforfirefightersoccurswhentheyfailtorescueachildfromaburningbuildingthechild，frightenedbysmokeandnoise，hidesinaclosetandislaterfounddead.解析設(shè)空后面解釋了消防隊(duì)員未能成功營救這個孩子的原因，故此處用引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞because。,However,because,,解析答案,10.Thereoncewasaveryrichman.Hewassogeneroustoeverybodyaroundhimmanypeopleinhisneighborhoodknewhim.解析此題考查的是so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：從前有一個非常富有的人。他對他周圍的每個人都很慷慨，所以很多人都認(rèn)識他。,that,,解析答案,Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題1處錯誤)1.HisnewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbyetomyclassmates，myschoolorjusteverythingelseIloveintheworld.答案or→and2.Myfatherishardworkingbutgoestoworkinthefieldeveryday.答案but→and3.IhavebeenmissingyouverymuchafterIwenttocollegeayearago.答案after→since,,答案,4.Intheend，wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.答案unless→until/till5.Mom，thoughImaynotoftensayit，Idoloveyou.Nobodycantakeyourpartinmyheart.WheneverIam，Iwillalwaysloveyou.答案Whenever→Wherever6.Itisinthedowntownarea，butitiseasytogoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.答案but→and/so,,答案,7.Icalledmyparents，soIdidnottellthemwhathadhappened.答案so→but8.Todealwiththeproblem，Ithink，theyshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesthoughtreeswillhelpsavewater.答案though→because/since/as9.Herhairwasblackandpurple，andsheworeblacksportsshoesandablacksweater，althoughinthesummer.答案although→even10.Somefriendsofhisgotoseehimeveryday，theytakehimlotsofgoodbooksandfreshfruit.答案they前加and,,答案,Ⅲ.語法填空A(連詞專練)Mymotherwascookinginthekitchen1.Iwasdoingmyschoolassignments.NosoonerhadIfinishedmyhomework2.thedoorbellrang.However，mysisterunlockedthedoor3.Icouldopenit.Weweresurprisedthemomentwesawher4.herclothesandfacewereterriblydirty.Shelookedmuchpoorer5.weexpected.6.wedidn’tknowwhathadhappenedtoher，westoodthereandwaitedformysister’sstory.,while,than,before,because,than,Since,,答案,Wewouldn’tleave7.mysistertoldusallaboutit.8.mysistergotchanged，shetoldusthatshefellintoaditch9.shewalkedonapathonherwaytomyuncle’shomeinthecountryside.Shecouldn’tgetoutoftheditch.10.shecriedforhelploudly，noonecouldhearher.Shetriedtoclimboutofit，but11.hardshetried，shefailedtoescapefromit.12.timewentby，shegotworried.,unless,After,when,Although/Though,however,As,,答案,Afterseveralvainattemptsshehadtostand13.shewasandwaited14.aboystudentpassedbyandgaveherahand.Theboyreachedheralongropeandtoldhertoclimbwiththerope.Shedid15.theboytold，sothatshecameout.,where,until,as,,答案,BAccordingtoZhengJun，Qinqiangoperaissimilar16.rock’n’rollinmanyways，andthelatteristhereforethemoderndayQinqiang.Rockconcerts,17.starthecommonpeople，takeplacebythecitywallonadailybasis.Qinqiangopera18.(call)the“l(fā)ivingfossil”ofChineseopera，theforefatherofseveraloperasinChina.19.(spread)toHenan，itdevelopedintoYuopera.Judgingevenbytoday’sstandards，Qinqiangoperacountsasthe20.(early)Chineserockmusic.Thespiritofmodernrock’n’roll21.(seem)tocomefromit.,to,which,iscalled,Spreading,earliest,seems,,答案,ThenumberofQinqiangoperaamateur22.(club)inXi’anisuncertain.AtplacesliketheCityWallParkandtheSouthGate，youcanspotgroupsofpeopleenjoyingtheopera.Knownorunknowntothegroup，anyQinqiangloveriswelcometosingapiece23.justsitdownandlisten.Thesingerpresentsexcellentvoiceandemotionswhiletheaudiencesget24.(excite)bythetunes.Standingamong25.(they)，youcouldfeeltheculturalpulseofthiscity.,clubs,or,excited,them,,答案,返回,