《河南省2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法題型專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 題型四 閱讀理解課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《河南省2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法題型專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 題型四 閱讀理解課件.ppt(27頁(yè)珍藏版)》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、河南題型四閱讀理解,一、選擇型閱讀理解“三步定位法”第一步看題干,定位題干關(guān)鍵詞。先看問(wèn)題,找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞,猜測(cè)文章大意。,第二步讀文章,一次定位找原文。帶著關(guān)鍵詞快速通讀全文,畫(huà)出與題干內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞匯和句子,并在腦海中形成篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。第三步回看題,連線解讀定答案。細(xì)讀題干、選項(xiàng),針對(duì)已畫(huà)出的原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行二次定位,精準(zhǔn)連線,鎖定答案。,二、具體解題技巧1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題目,考查對(duì)文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力,屬于表層理解題范疇,難度較小,但所占比例最大,一般占總分值的60%~85%。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有:用what,where,which,why,who,h
2、ow等疑問(wèn)詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn);用accordingto...開(kāi)頭,后接短文具體內(nèi)容;用動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)等方式設(shè)題;以...because的提問(wèn)方式設(shè)題等。,解答這類題要學(xué)會(huì)以下技巧:(1)如果所提問(wèn)題是文章中現(xiàn)成的內(nèi)容可直接搜尋;(2)細(xì)讀文章的第一段或前幾句,注意每段的開(kāi)頭句和結(jié)尾句;(3)重視結(jié)尾段,作者一般會(huì)在結(jié)尾段作出總結(jié),表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。,例(2012浙江溫州中考)IgrewupinNewHampshire,asmalltowninSouthCanada,whereinmyfatherswordsfortheseasonswere“Spring,Summer,Fairtimean
3、dWinter!”Atthattime,aweeklongfair(集市)washeldinthetowneveryautumn.Thousandsofpeoplefromothertownscametosellandbuythings.Itwasthebusiesttimeoftheyear.,Thousandsofpeoplecametothetowntoatthefair.A.enjoyGrandmasfoodB.sellandbuythingsC.learntocookD.haveabigparty【解析】B由本段第三句話可知,數(shù)千人來(lái)到小鎮(zhèn)是為了在集市上買(mǎi)賣(mài)東西,故選B。,2.推理判
4、斷題一般來(lái)說(shuō)主要有:對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷;對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題或某一部分的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的推理判斷;對(duì)作者在整篇文章中的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和寫(xiě)作意圖的推理判斷。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有:,(1)Thesentence/paragraph/passageinfersthat...(2)Wecanlearnfromthesentence/paragraph/passagethat...(3)Thesentence/paragraph/passageimpliesthat...(4)Bysaying...,theauthormeans...(5)Whatcanweinferfromthe...(6)Attheendofthepass
5、agethewritersuggests...(7)Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthat...(8)Itcanbeconcluded/inferredfromthepassagethat...,例Oneday,alittleboydecidedtodigaholebehindhishouseafterwatchingascienceprogram.Ashewasworking,acoupleofboysstoppedbytowatch.“Whatareyoudoing?”askedoneofthevisitors.“Iwanttodigadeepholeallt
6、hewaythroughtheearth!”theboyansweredexcitedly.Theolderboysbegantolaugh,tellinghimthatitwasimpossibletodoit.Thentheyleft.,Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheolderboysthinkthelittleboyis.A.sillyB.strictC.friendlyD.strongminded【解析】A由本段倒數(shù)第二句可知,那些年齡大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩,說(shuō)他不可能完成那件事,由此可推斷,他們覺(jué)得小男孩很愚蠢,故選A。,3.詞義猜測(cè)題該題型
7、要求在充分理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)某單詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行合理猜測(cè)。做題時(shí)可結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)法及相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。,例Aserioussandstorm(沙塵暴)hashitBeijing,togetherwithfivetosevendegreestrongwind.AgreatyellowdustcloudenvelopedtheChinesecapitallastSunday.Whatdoes“enveloped”meaninthispassage?A.信封B.遮蓋C.刮走D.灰塵,【解析】B由前面可知,沙塵暴襲擊了北京,再結(jié)合句法可知envelop在此是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,排除A、D兩項(xiàng);再結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可判斷
8、,此處envelop是表示“遮蓋”之意,故選B。,4.主旨大意題考查考生對(duì)短文整體的理解概括能力。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:(1)Whatisthemainidea/subject/topicofthepassage?(2)Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith...(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(4)Thepassageismainlyabout...(5)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?,解答該類題目時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1)有標(biāo)題的文章,要從標(biāo)題開(kāi)始閱讀,因?yàn)闃?biāo)題
9、常是文章的主題;(2)注意段首和段尾,有些文章會(huì)在段首或段尾給出全文主旨;,(3)有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文,建議最后做此類題目,因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}目后,自然就會(huì)對(duì)文章主旨有一定的把握;(4)留心關(guān)鍵詞,抓住文章主旨,關(guān)鍵詞即文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的名詞或動(dòng)詞。,例Schoolswillgoelectronic.Computerswillbeimportantandpopularamongthestudents.Everythingwillbeinthecomputerandstudentswillnotneedtobringbookstoschool.Theywillfindinformat
10、ionontheInternet.Acomputerwillbethestudentslibrary,schoolbagandconnectiontotheoutsideworld.Therewillberobotteachers.Theywillcheckhomeworkoncomputersandcommunicatewiththestudentsparentsthroughemail.,Whatsthemainideaofthispassage?A.Schoolswillgoelectronic.B.Computerswillbeimportant.C.Therewillberobott
11、eachers.D.Teacherswillcommunicatewiththestudentsparentsthroughemail.【解析】A第一句為中心句,后面是對(duì)其擴(kuò)展和論述,故選A。,5.?dāng)?shù)字推算題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及內(nèi)在關(guān)系做出簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算和推斷。,例IwonaprizeforoneofmypaintingswhenIwasfourteen.ThatmaybewhyIwenttoartschoolfouryearslater...WhenIleftschool,Igotsomemoney.Ihopetobecomeafulltimepainter.Whenfinishingsc
12、hoolstudies,thewriterwasabout.A.14B.16C.18D.21,【解析】D作者14歲因繪畫(huà)獲獎(jiǎng),18歲進(jìn)入美術(shù)學(xué)校,畢業(yè)時(shí)一定在18歲以上,故選D。,三、還原型閱讀理解(一)首先閱讀五個(gè)選項(xiàng),然后再讀文章。抓住關(guān)鍵詞,邊讀邊做題,先易后難,重點(diǎn)閱讀設(shè)空處附近的句子,圈定線索詞。從選項(xiàng)中尋找相關(guān)的詞,以確定答案。做題時(shí)要特別注意以下幾類詞:,1.代詞或定冠詞。做題時(shí),一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或者指示代詞。代詞是指代一個(gè)名詞或者一個(gè)句子的,通過(guò)代詞在句子中所作的成分可推斷出它指代的句子的類型。,2.特殊疑問(wèn)詞。如果選項(xiàng)中或設(shè)空前出現(xiàn)特殊疑問(wèn)詞,一定要把這句話仔細(xì)
13、讀幾遍,因?yàn)閷?duì)于不同特殊疑問(wèn)詞的回答方式是不一樣的,比如對(duì)why的回答,后面要有because等表原因的詞;對(duì)when的回答,后面要有表時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ);對(duì)where的回答,后面要有表地點(diǎn)的名詞;對(duì)how的回答,后面要有方式狀語(yǔ)等。,3.連詞。通過(guò)不同的連詞我們可以推知句子與句子之間的關(guān)系。常在文章中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞有but,however,yet,though,nevertheless等,表示并列關(guān)系的連詞有and,also,aswellas,neithernor,eitheror,notonly...butalso...,ononehand...ontheotherhand等。,(二)對(duì)于難以做出選擇的空缺處,可以暫時(shí)擱置,先將確定的題目答完,然后用代入排除法。至此,文章的要點(diǎn)和主旨,各個(gè)段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)基本清楚了。(三)五個(gè)小題都做完后,要重新閱讀全文,查漏補(bǔ)缺,此時(shí)可將選出的答案代入原文。重點(diǎn)做剛才沒(méi)做出的題或不確定的題,同時(shí)檢查核對(duì)已選出的答案,看文章在內(nèi)容上是否語(yǔ)意連貫合理,語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)上是否通順連貫,合乎邏輯。,