牛津譯林版英語八年級(jí)(上冊(cè))《比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)》語法專講(共5頁)

《牛津譯林版英語八年級(jí)(上冊(cè))《比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)》語法專講(共5頁)》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《牛津譯林版英語八年級(jí)(上冊(cè))《比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)》語法專講(共5頁)（5頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)語法專講 形容詞分為三種等級(jí):原級(jí),比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)。 一、形容詞的原級(jí)及用法 ◆形容詞的原級(jí)(形容詞本來面目不作變化) 1.表示沒有進(jìn)行比較或進(jìn)行同級(jí)比較 2.可以修飾原級(jí)的詞: very quite enough(“足夠”,用在形容詞后) so pretty too how rather(相當(dāng)) (not) as…as (“(不)像…一樣”,同級(jí)比較) not so…as (“不像…一樣”,同級(jí)比較) e.g. How happy we are! 我們多么高興??！ Thi

2、s ruler is as long as that one. 這把尺子和那把一樣長(zhǎng)。(變否定句) This ruler is not as/so long as that one. 二、形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則 ①單音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)在詞尾加er,最高級(jí)加est cold —colder —coldest tall —taller —tallest high —higher —highest long —longer —longest ②以字母e結(jié)尾的詞只加r或st nice —nicer —nicest

3、late —later —latest fine —finer —finest ③重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加er或est big —bigger —biggest hot —hotter —hottest wet — wetter —wettest thin —thinner —thinnest red—redder —reddest fat —fatter —fattest sad —sadder —saddest ④以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞把y變i再加er或est easy — easier — easiest

4、 early — earlier — earliest funny — funnier — funniest happy — happier — happiest heavy— heavier — heaviest dirty — dirtier — dirtiest ⑤多音節(jié)詞、部分雙音節(jié)詞(特別是ful結(jié)尾及v.+ed/ing構(gòu)成的形容詞)及個(gè)別單音節(jié)詞(fun)在前面加more或most interesting important difficult excitied tired careful popular exp

5、ensive boring fun ⑥不規(guī)則變化 little — less — least good / well — better — best bad / ill / badly —— worse —— worst many / much —— more —— most old —— older —— oldest (年齡大的,與than連用) old — elder — eldest(“年長(zhǎng)的”,只作定語不與than連用) far —— farther —— farthest (距離遠(yuǎn)) far —— fu

6、rther —— furthest (除距離外,還指程度上更進(jìn)一步的) ◆副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則大致與此相同 三、比較級(jí)用法 1.表示兩者之間進(jìn)行比較,“更…” 2.可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞: much = a lot (…得多) a little = a bit (…一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)) even (甚至) far (遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)…) any (絲毫,稍微, 用于否定和疑問句中) 3.比較級(jí)標(biāo)志: than or 4.形容詞比較級(jí)句式: ①A + be + 形容詞的比較級(jí) + than + B. (A比B…

7、) ②Which/Who +be +形容詞比較級(jí), A or B? (哪個(gè)/誰更…, A 還是B？) 練習(xí)寫出下列句子 凱特很瘦。 凱特和瑪麗誰更瘦？ 瑪麗比凱特更瘦。 瑪麗比凱特更瘦嗎？是的,她是。 這個(gè)書包和這個(gè)箱子不一樣沉。 這個(gè)書包和這個(gè)箱子哪個(gè)更沉？ 這個(gè)箱子比書包更沉。 5.副詞比較級(jí)句式:①A＋實(shí)義動(dòng)詞＋副詞的比較級(jí)＋than B. (A…得比B…) ②Which/Who +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞三單, A or B? (哪個(gè)/誰…得更…, A還是B？) 練習(xí)寫出下列句

8、子 自行車和轎車哪個(gè)走得快？ 轎車比自行車走得快。 這只羊和這只狗跑得不一樣快。 這只羊比狗跑得快嗎？ 吉姆比湯姆上床睡覺早。 (上句同義句) ___________________________________________ 6.比較級(jí)特殊用法: ①the +比較級(jí)+of the two… —— “兩者中較…的” 他是兩個(gè)男孩中較高的。He’s the taller of the two boys. ②“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”或“more and more +多音節(jié)詞” —— “越來越…” 他越來越高。 He’s taller and tal

9、ler. 英語越來越重要 English is more and more important. ③The+比較級(jí)…, the+比較級(jí)… —— “越…, 越…” 你越快樂就越美麗。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. ④not +比較級(jí)+than… —— “不如…, 不比…” no +比較級(jí)+than… —— “一樣都不…” You are not taller than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我一樣都不高。 ⑤比較級(jí)+t

10、han any other +sig.+in+同一范圍 —— “比同一范圍中其他任何一個(gè)更…” 比較級(jí)+than any +sig.+in+非同一范圍 ——“比非同一范圍中任何一個(gè)更…” She’s nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一個(gè)女孩都漂亮。 (主語本身就在比較范圍之中,因此是在同一范圍就主語與其他任何一個(gè)比較) She’s nicer than any girl in her sister’s class. 她比她妹妹班里任何一個(gè)女孩都漂亮。 (主語不在該較范圍之中,因此主語可以與該范圍內(nèi)任何

11、一個(gè)作比較) ◆該用法雖然出現(xiàn)了in所引導(dǎo)的比較范圍但是仍要用比較級(jí),此成為用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí),實(shí)質(zhì)是最高級(jí)。 四、最高級(jí)用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的比較,“最…” 2.形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加the,副詞前的the可以省略。 3.最高級(jí)標(biāo)志:in of or 4.句式:①the + 最高級(jí) +(n.) + in +比較范圍 我是我們班最聰明的。I’m the cleverest in our class. ②the + 最高級(jí) +(n.) + of +同類事物 這本書是所有書中最有趣的。The book is

12、 the most interesting of all the books. ③Which/Who +v.(單數(shù)) +最高級(jí), A, B or C? Jay, Will和JJ誰最收歡迎？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ? 五、例題解析與難點(diǎn)攻克 ◆主語為人時(shí)than后面的比較對(duì)象若用代詞用主格還是賓格？ 請(qǐng)判斷正誤: 1. She looks nicer than I do. ( ) She looks nicer than I.

13、 ( ) She looks nicer than me. ( ) Notes:than可以作連詞其后跟省略句,該省略句構(gòu)成為(主格+助動(dòng)詞/be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞),而謂語部分可省略; than還可以作介詞在口語中跟人稱代詞賓格 ◆主語為物時(shí)的比較對(duì)象的一致性問題 2.Her hair is longer than her mother. ( ) Her hair is longer than her mother’s. ( ) 3.My bag is bigger than

14、you. ( ) My bag is bigger than your. ( ) My bag is bigger than your bag. ( ) My bag is bigger than yours. ( ) Notes:比較對(duì)象應(yīng)與主語對(duì)等,當(dāng)主語為限定詞+n.時(shí),than后的其比較對(duì)象可為: ①限定詞+n. ②名詞所有格(一般省略其后相同的名詞) ③名詞性物主代詞(=形容詞性物主代詞+n.) mi

15、ne yours his hers its ours theirs 4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( ) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( ) Notes:當(dāng)主語有后置定語修飾時(shí),為保證比較對(duì)象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比較對(duì)象。 ◆比較范圍 5.The Changjing River is the longest ____ China. The Cha

16、ngjing River is the longest ____all the rivers in China. Notes:在最高級(jí)中,in后跟比較范圍,of后跟進(jìn)行比較的同類事物。 6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia( ) ◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換問題 7.He is taller than anyone else in the class. = He is taller ____

17、 ____ _____ student in the class. = He is taller _____ _____ ______ students in the class. = He is the ____ ____ student in the class. Notes:同一范圍內(nèi)比較 比較級(jí)+than any other +sig.+in =比較級(jí)+than anyone else +in… =比較級(jí)+than the other +pl.+in… (只有同一范圍比較才能出現(xiàn)other/else) 非同一范圍內(nèi)比較 比較級(jí)+than any+sig.

18、+in… 8. This coat is more expensiver than that one. = That coat is ________ than this one. = That coat isn’t _____ big _____ this one. Notes: A+v.+比較級(jí)+than+B (A比B更…) = B+v.+比較級(jí)反義詞+than+A (B 比A更…) = B+v.+not as(so)… as… (B與A不一樣…) ◆“l(fā)ess+多音節(jié)詞原級(jí)+than…” “不如…” — 降級(jí)比較

19、 = That coat is less expensive than this one. Self Check 1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed ____ tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later 2.The food of our country is ___ than that of western countries. A.rather good than B.much better t

20、han C.more better than D.so goos as 3.The ice in the lake is as ____ as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest 4.Who is _____ running star in your school? A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous 5.—Which season do you like _____?

21、 —Summer. A.good B.well C.the better D.best 6.Lucy’s pen is ___ nicer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little 7.—Is your brother as outgoing as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is ________. A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I C.more outgo

22、ing than me D.as outgoing as I 8.—How are you today? —Much ____. A.good B.well C.better D.the best 9.Tom’s card is newer than ____. A.our B.her C.my D.his 10.___ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other f

23、lower D. Not all flowers 11.Mary studies harder ______ in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone 1.He is 3 times as _____(old) as me. 2.I’m too tired to go any _________.(far) 3.Who is _____, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _______(heavy) of t

24、he three. 5.Tom is the _______ of the two boys. 6.Russia is _______(large) than any other country in the world. 7.His computer is the _______________(expensive) of all. 8.You are pretty ___________(beautiful). 9.The book is ____________(useful) than that one. 10.Who’s the _________(healthy) ,

25、you, he or she? 11.How ______(small) the shirt is! I want a ________ (big) one. 12.You have _______(short) and ______(curly) hair than Susan. 13.Is this street a lot ______(noisy) than that one? 14.I feel much _____________(excited) now. 15.Soccer is becoming _____ and ______ _________(popalar)

26、 in China. 16.My sister doesn’t write as _____(good) as I do. 17.The ______(much) you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be. 18.No other animal is _______(scary) than a snake. 19.Math is less ________(difficult) than English. 20.What a _______(funny) boy! 21.You’re _______(bad) at

27、sports than me. 22.It’s the third _______ (long) river in China. 1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag. (合并) My bag is _____ than ______. 2.You are funny. He’s funny, too. (合并) You are ______ funny _____ him. 3.Tom is thinner than Sam. (同義句) =Sam is ______ than Tom. =Sam isn’t as

28、______ as Tom. 4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. (合并) He is _____ quite _____ I. 5.They’re tall. You’re tall. too.But I’m taller than anyone else. (合并) I’m _____ ______ of all.1. 若不給自己設(shè)限，則中就沒有限制你發(fā)揮的藩籬。2. 若不是心寬似海，哪有人生風(fēng)平浪靜。在紛雜的塵世里，為自己留下一片純靜的心靈空間，不管是潮起潮落，也不管是陰晴圓缺，你都可以免去浮躁，義無反顧，勇往直前，輕松自如地走好人生路上的每一步3. 花一些時(shí)間，總會(huì)看清一些事。用一些事情，總會(huì)看清一些人。有時(shí)候覺得自己像個(gè)神經(jīng)病。既糾結(jié)了自己，又打擾了別人。努力過后，才知道許多事情，堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持，就過來了。4. 歲月是無情的，假如你丟給它的是一片空白，它還給你的也是一片空白。歲月是有情的，假如你奉獻(xiàn)給她的是一些色彩，它奉獻(xiàn)給你的也是一些色彩。你必須努力，當(dāng)有一天驀然回首時(shí)，你的回憶里才會(huì)多一些色彩斑斕，少一些蒼白無力。只有你自己才能把歲月描畫成一幅難以忘懷的人生畫卷。