高中英語(yǔ) Unit4《Earthquakes》 語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)教案 新人教版必修1
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111 Unit 4 Earthquakes 語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)(模塊) 單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽(旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)) 詞匯 部分 詞語(yǔ) 辨析 1. congratulate / celebrate 2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm 3. rise / raise / lift 4. hurt / injure / wound 詞形 變化 1. frighten vt. 嚇唬;使驚嚇 frightened n. 受驚的;受恐嚇的 frightening adj.令人恐懼的 2. nation n. 民族;國(guó)家;國(guó)民 national adj. 民族的;國(guó)家的 3. suffer v. ?受苦; 吃苦頭 suffering ?n. ?苦難;痛苦 sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者 重點(diǎn) 單詞 1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂 2. ruin v.&n. 毀滅,使破產(chǎn),遺跡,廢墟(名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)) 3. rescue n.&vt. 援救,營(yíng)救 4. judge n.&v. 法官,鑒賞家,裁判,判斷,估計(jì) 重點(diǎn) 詞組 1. right away 立刻,馬上 2. at an end 結(jié)束,終結(jié) 3. instead of 代替,而不 4. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的 重點(diǎn)句子 1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 2. All hope was not lost. 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 定語(yǔ)從句 (見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法部分) I詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. congratulate / celebrate 【解釋】 congratulate 對(duì)他人祝賀為目的,側(cè)重以言語(yǔ)表示祝賀。 celebrate 通常指舉行盛大隆重的儀式慶祝或紀(jì)念有意義的日子或某件事情。側(cè)重指以行動(dòng)來(lái)慶祝生日、節(jié)日等。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). I _________ you on your success. 2). We held a party to __________ our success.. 答案: 1). congratulate 2). celebrate 2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm 【解釋】 destroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀,使之無(wú)法恢復(fù),也可以表示對(duì)某物體進(jìn)行完全的毀壞。 ruin一般指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞,但往往是非暴力的,也往往不是一次性打擊 的結(jié)果,常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。 damage 一般指對(duì)物體或生命的局部損傷,使整體的價(jià)值或作用降低或變得無(wú)價(jià)值、無(wú)作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果,也可以指非暴力的長(zhǎng)期損害的結(jié)果。 harm 一般指?jìng)τ猩臇|西,常指?jìng)叭说慕】?、?quán)利、事業(yè)等。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). You may get _________ in that shop. 2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time. 答案: 1). cheated 2). fool 3. rise / raise / lift 【解釋】 rise 普通用詞,指具體的抽象的事物由低向高移動(dòng)。 raise 及物動(dòng)詞,多指把某物從低處升到高處。 lift 語(yǔ)氣比raise強(qiáng),指用體力或機(jī)械的力舉起或抬起某物。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). She ________ her eyes from her work. 2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see. 3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet. 答案: 1). raised 2). Lift 3). rise 4. hurt / injure / wound 【解釋】 hurt 一般用語(yǔ),即可指肉體上的傷害,也可指精神和情感方面的傷害。 injure 比hurt正式,一般指由于意外或事故而受傷,很少指精神方面的傷害. wound 指外傷,如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等,尤指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受傷。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). The soldier was ______ in the arm in the war. 2). She was _______ slightly in an accident during the work. 3). I was very much _______ at his words. 答案: 1). wounded 2). injured 3). hurt II詞性變化 (旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料) 1. frighten vt. 嚇唬;使驚嚇 frightened n. 受驚的;受恐嚇的 frightening adj.令人恐懼的 2. nation n. 民族;國(guó)家;國(guó)民 national adj. 民族的;國(guó)家的 3. suffer v. ?受苦; 吃苦頭 suffering ?n. ?苦難;痛苦 sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者 【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1) He’s travelled to the ________ of Western Europe. (nation) 2) We are talking about _________ and international issues. (nation) 3) ___________ children were calling for their mothers.. (frighten) 4)The child __________to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten) 5) It is even _________ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten) 6) We ________ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer) 7) They’re arthritis __________. (suffer) 8) There is so much __________ in this world. (suffer) 答案: 1) nations 2) national 3) Frightened 4) was frightened 5) frightening 6) suffered 7) sufferers 8) suffering Ⅲ重點(diǎn)詞匯 (旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料) 1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂 [典例] 1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那個(gè)紅色的氣球突然爆了。 2). The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。 3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying. 一聽(tīng)到這則消息,Leslie突然大笑,而Tracy則突然大哭起來(lái)。 4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song. 歌聲結(jié)束后響起了一陣掌聲。 [重點(diǎn)用法] burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 水管在寒冷的天氣里經(jīng)常凍裂。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 太陽(yáng)突然從云端里露出來(lái)。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 2). The sun burst through the clouds. 2. rescue n.&vt. 援救,營(yíng)救 [典例] 1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察來(lái)救他,把他從河里拉了出來(lái)。 2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 營(yíng)救隊(duì)在這次地震期間進(jìn)行了無(wú)數(shù)次救援。 3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克把溺水的男孩救了起來(lái)。 [重點(diǎn)用法] rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..從……營(yíng)救出來(lái) come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊(duì) a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員 [練習(xí)] 用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship. 2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday. 答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued 3. judge n.&v. 法官,鑒賞家,裁判,判斷,估計(jì) [典例] 1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過(guò)去是一名法官。 2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鑒別酒的專家。 3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人無(wú)法判斷顏色。 4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。 [重點(diǎn)用法] judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過(guò)……判斷…… as far as I judge 我認(rèn)為 judging from… 從……來(lái)看, 根據(jù)……判斷 [練習(xí)] 用與judge相關(guān)的詞匯填空 1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man. 2). _______ , he must be from the south. 答案: 1). Judging 2). In her judgment 4. ruin v.&n. 毀滅,使破產(chǎn),遺跡,廢墟(名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)) [典例] 1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 颶風(fēng)使這里所有的房屋成為廢墟。 2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。 [重點(diǎn)用法] be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to ruin 毀滅,落空 ruin oneself 自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 那建筑物已成斷壁殘?jiān)? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 那教堂已破敗不堪。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). The building is in ruins. 2). The church has fallen into ruin. Ⅳ 重點(diǎn)詞組 (旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料) 1. right away 立刻,馬上 [典例] 1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我會(huì)馬上還書(shū)給你。 2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā),我們將立即被征召服役。 [短語(yǔ)歸納] “立刻,馬上”的表達(dá)方式: right away,right now,at once,immediately, in no time [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 請(qǐng)立刻把它打印出來(lái)。 答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please. 2. at an end 結(jié)束,終結(jié)(= finished) [典例] 1). The war was finally at an end. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)終于結(jié)束了。 [短語(yǔ)歸納] 與end搭配的常用短語(yǔ) at the end of 在……末尾 by the end of 在……末為止 in the end 最后,終于 at a loose end 無(wú)所事事,處于雜亂狀態(tài) make ends meet 收支相抵 [練習(xí)] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。 1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term? 2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________. 3). My uncle will fly to China _________ this year. 答案: 1). by the end of 2). in the end 3). at the end of 3. instead of 代替,而不是 [典例] 1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中國(guó)人不用刀叉,用筷子。 2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。 3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她決定星期日而不是星期一離開(kāi)這里。 [短語(yǔ)歸納] instead 是副詞,單獨(dú)使用,用于句首或句末作狀語(yǔ),意為“代替;相反”。 instead of 是復(fù)合介詞,后接名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞,其后面的動(dòng)作,意為“代替、而不……”。 in place of 為介詞短語(yǔ),也是“代替、而不”的意思,表“以甲代乙”,不含比,而instead of則是“用甲不用乙”,除“代替”外,還有對(duì)乙作否定的意思,有時(shí)意為“不”。 take the place of 作謂語(yǔ),用在名詞、代詞前。 [練習(xí)] 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places. A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of 2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day. A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of 答案: 1). B 2). D 4. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的 [典例] 1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily. [短語(yǔ)歸納] hundreds of數(shù)百的 hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的 thousands of數(shù)千的 millions of數(shù)百萬(wàn)的 dozens of許多; 大量 scores of 許多; 大量 [練習(xí)] 選擇填空 1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China. A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands of C. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands 2). There were ____________ people in the hall. A. two scores of B. scores of C. two and score D. two scores 答案: 1). A 2). B V重點(diǎn)句子 (旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料) 1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。 [解釋] 這句話中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴隨狀況,這是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式的一個(gè)用法。 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)可由連詞when, while引出。 While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書(shū),一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。 Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫(huà),他想起了她的童年。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如: Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂?,我不能把這本書(shū)送給他。 Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因?yàn)榉浅<?dòng),那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒(méi)睡著。 (3)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如: His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了,留給他許多錢。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生氣,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。 (4)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ),可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間,表示主語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)、較次要的動(dòng)作。如: They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí),觀察著天上的星星。 Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年輕人跟在老人的后面開(kāi)始慢慢地走起來(lái)。 (5)現(xiàn)在分詞間或也可作條件狀語(yǔ)和讓步狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。如: A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. 一個(gè)人如站在大山的腳下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況,他們還是要我賠償損失。 注:現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)。 (6)“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨情況或時(shí)間、原因等。如: His hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時(shí)間的推移,他的頭發(fā)變花白了。 Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒(méi)人注意,他從窗戶溜了出去。 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂?,我不能把這本書(shū)送給他。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 沒(méi)人注意,他從窗戶溜了出去。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 [解釋]All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的學(xué)生都知道如何解決個(gè)問(wèn)題。 I don’t know all of them. 我并不認(rèn)識(shí)他們所有的人。 表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副詞not連用時(shí)表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如: Everyone doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. 并非每個(gè)人都喜歡這個(gè)故事。 Nobody likes the story. 沒(méi)人喜歡這個(gè)故事。 Both of the students don’t like the story. 并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生這個(gè)故事。 Neither of the students likes the story. 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不喜歡這個(gè)故事。 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生這個(gè)故事。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不喜歡這個(gè)故事。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案: 1). Both of the students don’t like the story. 2). 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