高中英語 Unit2《Robots》Period 7 教案（新人教版選修7）7

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111 Period 7　Speaking，Listening and Writing Task Teaching goals　　　 1．Talk about different types of robots by using expressions of supposition and belief. 2．Listen to three people talking about robot pets. 3．Write a diary from the robot pet's point of view. Teaching procedures　　　 Step 1　Speaking task Ask students to use their imagination in groups to discuss the types of robots that could be used in the future.Guide them to use the expressions below in the discussion. Sample： Robots can be found in the manufacturing industry，the military，space exploration，transportation，and medical applications. Well，for my conclusion I_guess that robots are the way of the future and will be used on a daily use without being controlled remotely or by a person.I_think there will be different robots for different uses.Some will be used for law enforcement and others will be used for constructive uses only.Others will be building cars，and the rest will be building the new schools we learn in and the houses we live in. Step 2　Listening task 1．Before listening，ask students to look at the pictures of these robot pets on Page 59.In pairs，answer the following questions. (1)What kinds of animal do you think they are? (2)Would you like to own one？Which one？Give reasons. (3)Do you think having a robot as a pet is a good idea？Give reasons. Various answers are possible.Through asking students questions about the pictures，make sure students understand the following words they will hear in the listening text：wag，pat，flippers，purr and hiss. 2．Listen to Amanda，Victoria and Jamie talking about robot pets.Look at the pictures again and match them with the robots' names. Aibo ______　Furby______　Paro______　Tama______ Keys： Aibo Picture_2　Furby Picture_1　Paro Picture_3　Tama Picture_4 3．Ask students to fill in as much of the table on Page 60 as they can.Then listen to the first part of the discussion again and complete the table.Compare their answers with their partners. Name Type of animal What it can do Robot 1 Robot 2 Robot 3 Robot 4 　　Suggested answers： Name Type of animal What it can do Robot 1 Aibo Dog Can walk，sit，lie down and wag its tail.Learns the name you give it and can answer when you call it.Develops its own personality.Can learn about 50 commands. Robot 2 Furby Not stated but looks like a big－eared bird Likes being patted.Speaks his own language，then gradually switches to English the more time you spend with him. Robot 3 Paro Seal Can open and close its eyes and move its flippers. Robot 4 Tama Cat Can recognize her own name.Purrs when patted.If you hit her she will give you an angry hiss.Gradually her behaviour changes and she develops her own personality. 　　4.Listen to the second part of the discussion again.Tick the correct box for each question. Amanda Victoria Jamie 1.Who doesn't understand why someone would want a robot as a pet？ 2.Who believes that robot pets are just toys？ 3.Who thinks that if someone thinks of the robot as a pet，then it is a pet？ 4.Who believes that you can make a robot happy？ 5.Who thinks that robot pets would be good for people who are unable to have a live pet？ Keys： Amanda Victoria Jamie 1.Who doesn't understand why someone would want a robot as a pet？ √ 2.Who believes that robot pets are just toys？ √ 3.Who thinks that if someone thinks of the robot as a pet，then it is a pet？ √ 4.Who believes that you can make a robot happy？ √ 5.Who thinks that robot pets would be good for people who are unable to have a live pet？ √ Step 3　Writing task 1．First ask students to imagine he or she is a robot pet which belongs to a child. (1)Think about what kind of child you belong to.Is it a boy or a girl？What is the child like？Is the child kind or not？Is the child sick or in good health? (2)What kind of robot pet are you—Aibo，F(xiàn)urby，Paro or Tama? 2．Write about one day in his/her life in his/her diary.Remember to write from the robot pet's point of view and remember to follow these steps. (1)Collect their ideas in pairs or groups. (2)Write down the main ideas and supporting details.Here is an example. (3)Write the diary entry，paying attention to the use of conjunctions in their writing. Morning Afternoon Owner Pet Owner Pet ·got up in bad mood ·carried me by tail ·knocked me onto the floor ·left me at home ·angry ·hissed at owner ·hissed more ·had a peaceful time later ·got home after school ·seemed happier ·was nice to me ·patted me ·promised to take me to the park tomorrow ·wagged tail ·couldn't stop purring ·loved the idea/was happy ·wished he/she were always like that... Step 4　Homework Write a diary from the robot pet's point of view. A sample： Sunny　Wednesday I am very happy today，because this is the first day that I has spent with my owner，Susan.Susan is a 6－year－old sick girl.She cannot go out with other children because of her poor health.So her parents bought me as her companion.There are different types of robot pets in the store.Her mom preferred the seal－type robot，while her dad thought the lovely dog would be a good companion.But Susan loves kitty very much.She insisted on having me as her companion.So they chose me. The shop assistant told them I have more than just entertainment value，offering companionship and a variety of other services to the sick.A network system will enable me to speak to the children in a natural way，especially to children who are sick，and this will make them more comfortable. I can be connected via cell phone or ISDN line to a network system center，allowing health workers or parents to send medical information and encouraging messages to the sick.I'm endowed with 100 phrases，ranging from the light－h(huán)earted (“Today is the karaoke party.Let's sing a lot.”) to more practical information (“It is three o'clock.It is time to have medicine.”)． Susan smiled a lot and her parents said she has never spent a happier day.I am happy too because I've brought pleasure to her. 一、本單元課文注釋與疑難解析 1．Claire didn't want the robot in her house，especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks，but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.克萊爾不想家里有個(gè)機(jī)器人，尤其是她丈夫要離家三個(gè)星期，可是克萊爾被拉里說服了。他說，機(jī)器人不會(huì)傷害她，也不會(huì)允許她受到任何傷害。 (1)absent adj. a．缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的 (＋from) Three members of the class were absent this morning. 今天早晨該班有三人缺席。 He is absent on business.他因事缺席。 He is absent from Hong Kong.他不在香港。 b．缺少的，不存在的 Snow is absent in his country.他的國(guó)家不下雪。 c．茫茫然的，心不在焉的 He looked at me in an absent way.他茫然地望著我。 He had an absent look on his face. 他臉上露出心不在焉的神色。 vt.不在；缺席 Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? 昨天你為何不到校？ absent 的反義詞是present“出席的，在場(chǎng)的” How many people were present at the meeting? 到會(huì)的有多少人？ (2)persuade vt. a．說服，勸服(＋into/out of)/(＋sb.to do sth.) She persuaded me into buying it. 她說服我買下了它。 The salesman persuaded us to buy his product. 那個(gè)推銷員說服了我們買他的產(chǎn)品。 He persuaded her to go to school，even though she did not want to. 即使她不想去上學(xué)，他還是說服她去。 b．使某人相信 (＋of)/(＋that) How can I persuade you of my sincerity? 我怎樣才能使你相信我的誠(chéng)意呢？ We worked hard to persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the project. 我們想盡辦法以使他們相信我們確實(shí)對(duì)這一計(jì)劃感興趣。 2．She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她大叫一聲“托尼”，接著她就聽到托尼鄭重地說，明天他不想離開她，并且他并不滿足于僅僅使她開心。 (1)declare vt. a．宣布，宣告；聲明(＋that) to make known formally or officially The new Congress declared a state of war with Germany. 新的國(guó)會(huì)向德國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)了。 b．宣稱；斷言(＋that) The accused man declared himself innocent. 被告聲稱他是無罪的。 She declared that she didn't want to see him again. 她宣稱再也不愿見他了。 I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. 我在會(huì)上聲明我不支持他。 c．申報(bào)(納稅品等) I have nothing to declare.我沒什么要申報(bào)的。 Note： declare：宣告，宣布formally announce(sth.) For example：I would like to declare my love for you. announce：宣布 to make(sth.)known publicly For example：If I have a birthday party，I want to announce it to my friends. (2)more than a．后面跟名詞，意為“不只是，不僅僅是”。例如： Kate was more than a teacher.She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凱特不僅僅是位教師，她還盡其所能照顧她的學(xué)生。 Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 現(xiàn)代科學(xué)不僅僅是大量的信息。 My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不僅僅是觀光。 b．more than與數(shù)詞連用，意思是“多于，大于，超過”。例如： I have known him for more than twenty years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他已超過二十年了。 More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened. 十多位警察出現(xiàn)在出事地點(diǎn)。 c．more than與形容詞和分詞連用，表示“非常，十分”。例如： They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition. 看到我們遠(yuǎn)征而歸，他們異常高興。 I was more than surprised to see the lion standing at the body. 看到那頭獅子站在尸體旁邊，我非常驚訝。 I am more than happy to accept your invitation. 我很高興接受你的邀請(qǐng)。 d．more than與動(dòng)詞連用，對(duì)動(dòng)詞起著加強(qiáng)語氣的作用。例如： Repeated advertising will more than increase product sales. 多次做廣告意味著增加產(chǎn)品的銷售。 His progress in English learning more than encouraged him to learn the subject well. 在英語學(xué)習(xí)方面的進(jìn)步激勵(lì)他學(xué)好這門課程。 e．more than和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子連用，有否定意義，表示“是……難以……”或“超過了……所能”之義。例如： The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe. 我難以描述那個(gè)山村的美麗。 This problem is more than a child like Jack can settle. 這一問題超出了像杰克這樣的小孩的解決能力。 [拓展] no more than意思是“僅僅，不過，只是”。例如： All his education added up to no more than one year. 他所接受的所有的學(xué)校教育只有一年。 Their new flat has no more than 60 square meters. 他們的新居只有60平方米。 not more than表示“至多，不超過”，例如： Lying on the ground was a schoolboy of not more than seventeen. 躺在地上的那個(gè)男學(xué)生最多十七歲。 3．It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. 正是阿西莫夫11歲時(shí)，他的寫作天賦明顯顯露出來。 該句使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It was...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)了時(shí)間狀語從句when Asimov was eleven years old。 talent n. a．天資，天賦；才能 (＋for) He had a talent for music.他有音樂天賦。 My sister has a talent for drawing. 我妹妹有畫畫的天賦。 b．天才，有才能的人們 She is a new diving talent.她是一個(gè)新的跳水天才。 The company makes good use of its talent. 該公司很好地發(fā)揮了內(nèi)部人才的作用。 4．It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human. 機(jī)器人如此通人性，這使她覺得心煩和害怕。 It是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的句子是這個(gè)句子的主語，that從句叫主語從句。It放在句首，真正的主語放在后面，這是英語的一種常見結(jié)構(gòu)。 It was clear that Claire had fallen in love with Tony. 很顯然，克萊爾已愛上了托尼。 It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer. 看上去她不太可能拒絕給她的幫助。 帶有that從句的先行詞結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種不同的搭配關(guān)系： (1)It＋be＋adj.＋that clause. It is certain that William will do well in his exam. 威廉肯定會(huì)考得很好。 It is absurd that he believes the number 13 has brought him the bad luck. 他認(rèn)為是13這個(gè)數(shù)字給他帶來了厄運(yùn)，這太可笑了。 在表示建議、命令、要求等意義的It結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常常用(should)＋do 的形式。 It is said that he (should) go there without delay. 他最好馬上去那里。 It is important that we (should) be here by the weekend. 周末我們得在這里，這很重要。 在表示驚訝、喜悅、遺憾等意義的It結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也常用這種形式。 It isn't amazing that they should have decided to divorce. 他們已經(jīng)決定離婚，這并不令人吃驚。 It is regrettable that Tom should leave so soon. 真遺憾湯姆這么快就要離開了。 (2)It＋be＋n.(or noun phrase)＋that clause. It is a great pleasure that she is well again and can go to her office. 她身體恢復(fù)了，可以去上班了，這真讓人高興。 It is a pity that she should refuse to accept this suggestion. 真遺憾她拒絕了這個(gè)建議。 (3)It＋be＋v.－ed＋that clause. It is said that Isaac will accompany his parents to visit Europe. 據(jù)說艾莎克將陪父母去歐洲訪問。 It is suggested that each children should sing a song in English at the party. 建議每個(gè)學(xué)生都得在晚會(huì)上唱支英文歌。 (4)It seems/happens...＋that clause. It seems that they are in urgent need of help. 好像他們現(xiàn)在急需幫助。 It happens that the prettiest birds are the worst singers. 很碰巧，最漂亮的鳥是最差的歌手。 要注意的是這種結(jié)構(gòu)與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。試比較： It was Tony that managed to help her in time. 是托尼及時(shí)設(shè)法幫助了她。 It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. 也就在這時(shí)候，克萊爾才意識(shí)到托尼早就把前邊窗戶的窗簾拉開了。 5．So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read，or rather，scan. 于是，克萊爾從圖書館借了一堆書給托尼閱讀，或者說給他瀏覽一下。 (1)a pile of/piles of＝a lot of There were a pile of magazines on the desk. 桌子上有一堆雜志。 I've got piles of work to do this evening. 今天晚上我有一大堆工作要做。 (2)or rather：a way of correcting something you have said，or making it more exact. He lives in London，or rather，in the suburbs of London. 他住在倫敦，更準(zhǔn)確地說是在倫敦郊區(qū)。 You have to be sixteen for cheap tickets—or rather under sixteen. 你得是16歲才能買便宜的票，更準(zhǔn)確地說是16歲以下。 6．...you cannot have women falling in love with machines. ……總不能讓女人愛上機(jī)器。 這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)是have＋n.＋doing，have的意思是cause sb.to do，它與have＋sb.＋do結(jié)構(gòu)的意思有時(shí)略有不同，前者講的是過程，后者敘述的是當(dāng)時(shí)的情況。 As soon as I got there，I tried to have John find me a house. 我一到那里，就試著讓約翰給我找房子。 She had us all laughing at her jokes. 她的笑話讓我們大笑。 另外，在have＋n.＋doing結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果have用作否定時(shí)，其意思是not permit or allow。 I can't have you going everywhere and doing nothing all day. 我不能讓你整天無所事事地東游西逛。 7．Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything，in the present and the past. 阿西默夫不僅有超凡的想象力，使他能對(duì)未來世界進(jìn)行探索，而且還有著驚人的智力，使他對(duì)現(xiàn)在的和過去的各種事物作出解釋。 這個(gè)句子稍微有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)要地分析一下：Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination and an amazing mind是這個(gè)句子的重要部分，動(dòng)詞不定式to explore future worlds修飾ability，with which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾an amazing mind。 with which是“介詞＋which (whom)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，其介詞的選擇受到一定的限制：或與前面的名詞搭配有關(guān)(本句就是這樣)，或與后面的動(dòng)詞或者詞組搭配有關(guān)。 He seemed to be looking for the words with which he could express what he was thinking about. 他好像正在找能表達(dá)他想法的詞語。 The car，for which I paid a lot of money，is now out of date. 我花很多錢買的這輛小汽車現(xiàn)在過時(shí)了。 二、文化背景知識(shí) Robot A robot can be defined as a programmable，self－controlled device consisting of electronic，electrical，or mechanical units.More generally，it is a machine that functions in place of a living agent.Robots are especially desirable for certain work functions because，unlike humans，they never get tired；they can endure physical conditions that are uncomfortable or even dangerous；they can operate in airless conditions；they do not get bored by repetition；and they cannot be distracted from the task at hand. The concept of robots is a very old one yet the actual word “robot” was invented in the 20th century from the Czechoslovakian word robot or robotic meaning slave，servant，or forced labor.Robots don't have to look or act like humans but they do need to be flexible so they can perform different tasks. Early industrial robots handled radioactive material in atomic labs and were called master/slave manipulators.They were connected together with mechanical linkages and steel cables.Remote arm manipulators can now be moved by push buttons，switches or joysticks. Current robots have advanced sensory systems that process information and appear to function as if they have brains.Their “brain” is actually a form of computerized artificial intelligence (AI)．AI allows a robot to perceive conditions and decide upon a course of action based on those conditions. A robot can include any of the following components： effectors—“arms”，“l(fā)egs”，“hands”，“feet” sensors—parts that act like senses and can detect objects or things like heat and light and convert the object information into symbols that computers understand computer—the brain that contains instructions called algorithms to control the robot equipment—this includes tools and mechanical fixtures Characteristics that make robots different from regular machinery are that robots usually function by themselves，are sensitive to their environment，adapt to variations in the environment or to errors in prior performance，are task－oriented and often have the ability to try different methods to accomplish a task. Robot Timeline 270BC an ancient Greek engineer named Ctesibus made organs and water clocks with movable figures. 1818—Mary Shelley wrote “Frankenstein” which was about a frightening artificial life form created by Dr.Frankenstein. 1921—The term “robot” was first used in a play called “R.U.R.” or “Rossum's Universal Robots” by the Czech writer Karel Capek.The plot was simple：man makes robot then robot kills man! 1941—Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the word “robotics” to describe the technology of robots and predicted the rise of a powerful robot industry. 1942—Asimov wrote “Runaround”，a story about robots which contained the “Three Laws of Robotics”： A robot may not injure a human，or，through inaction，allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. 1948—“Cybernetics”，an influence on artificial intelligence research was published by Norbert Wiener. 1956—George Devol and Joseph Engelberger formed the world's first robot company. 1959—Computer－assisted manufacturing was demonstrated at the Servomechanisms Lab at MIT. 1961—The first industrial robot was online in a General Motors automobile factory in New Jersey.It was called UNIMATE. 1963—The first artificial robotic arm to be controlled by a computer was designed.The Rancho Arm was designed as a tool for the handicapped and its six joints gave it the flexibility of a human arm. 1965—DENDRAL was the first expert system or program designed to execute the accumulated knowledge of subject experts. 1968—The octopus－like Tentacle Arm was developed by Marvin Minsky. 1969—The Stanford Arm was the first electrically powered，computer－controlled robot arm. 1970—Shakey was introduced as the first mobile robot controlled by artificial intelligence.It was produced by SRI International. 1974—A robotic arm (the Silver Arm) that performed small－parts assembly using feedback from touch and pressure sensors was designed. 1979—The Stanford Cart crossed a chair－filled room without human assistance.The cart had a TV camera mounted on a rail which took pictures from multiple angles and relayed them to a computer.The computer analyzed the distance between the cart and the obstacles. 三、參考資料 (1)科幻作品 近幾年比較受歡迎的科幻小說、影視有：X檔案系列(X－files)，黑客帝國(guó)系列(The Matrix)，星球大戰(zhàn)系列(Star Wars)，X戰(zhàn)警系列(X Men)，終結(jié)者系列(Terminator)，哈利波特系列(Harry Potter)，指環(huán)王系列(The Lord of the Rings)等等。學(xué)生如有興趣，可以上網(wǎng)查詢更多的資料。 參考網(wǎng)站：http：//www.sfsite.com http：//www.asimovs.com http：//www.kehuan.net (2)Isaac Asimov 艾莎克·阿西莫夫(1920～1992) Dr.Isaac Asimov was an American author and biochemist who was born in Russia in 1920.Asimov went to the United States with his family at the age of three.He grew up in New York，graduating from Columbia University in 1939.In 1948，he earned a PhD there.He began to write stories for science fiction magazines in 1939.He was a very successful writer who produced an amazing number of books：he wrote over 400 volumes.Asimov is best known for his science fiction and popular science books，of which the Foundation series，the Galactic Empire series and the Robot series are the most popular.Asimov's books cover various topics in science，and he developed a set of ethics for robots and machine intelligence which influenced many other writers. 111