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被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法
我們剛剛學(xué)習(xí)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和一些基本用法，下面就一起來(lái)看看被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一些特殊用法。
一、 一些特殊動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1. 跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后跟不帶to不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須轉(zhuǎn)為帶to不定式。 如：
I saw a bag drop from the bus.
→ A bag was seen to drop from the bus.
Mother made her baby sleep in her arms.
→ The baby was made to sleep in h
2、er mother’s arms.
2. 跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)都可作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。如：
Mr. Smith gave us a lecture.
→ We were given a lecture by Mr. Smith.
或 A lecture was given by Mr. Smith.
當(dāng)句中含有return, write, find, buy等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常把直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)要注意介詞的搭配。 如：
I returned him the book.
→ The book was returned to him.
3、 （注意用to）
He wrote me a short note.
→ A short note was written to me. (注意用to)
He found me an umbrella.
→ An umbrella was found for me. (注意用for)
I bought her some flowers.
→ Some flowers were bought for her. （注意用for）
3. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，其中的介詞或副詞不能丟掉。如：
We can’t loo
4、k down upon anybody.
→ Anybody can’t be looked down upon.
The doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm every day.
→ The lights are turned off at 11 pm by the doorkeeper every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man.
→ The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種
5、特殊形式
1. 當(dāng)break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear, write等動(dòng)詞有狀語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易碎。
The cloth washes well. 這種布料很好洗。
This new book sells well. 新書很暢銷。
Dry wood burns easily. 干柴易燃。
The letter reads as follows. 信的內(nèi)容如下。
The glass cleans easily. 這些杯子易洗。
6、
The new car runs well. 這輛新車跑得很正常。
My new bike rides well. 我的新自行車很好騎。
The shoes wear long. 這種鞋子很耐穿。
The pen writes smoothly. 這筆寫起來(lái)很流暢。
2. 有些動(dòng)詞形式上是被動(dòng)的，但實(shí)際上是“系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He is seated at the desk. 他坐在桌旁。
The boy was lost in the street.
男孩在街上迷路了。
The girl is dressed in a red skirt.
7、
這個(gè)女孩穿著紅裙子。
He was drunk in the bar. 他在酒吧喝醉了。
My dream is gone with the wind.
我的夢(mèng)隨風(fēng)而去了。
[小試] 用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. The Mid-Autumn Festival _______(celebrate) in China.
2. I _______ (ask) by my mother not to touch the dog yesterday.
3. Books of this kind _______ (sell) very well.
4. —Have y
8、ou moved into the new house?
—Not yet, the room _______ (paint).
5. The boy _______ (bring up) in the countryside.
6. A good job _______ me last year. (offer)
Key:
1. is celebrated 2. was asked 3. sell
4. is being painted 5. was brought up
6. was offered to
3
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被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法【基礎(chǔ)教資】
