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1、成人高考復(fù)習(xí)之,數(shù)詞,----by 顧潔,考試要求 1 基數(shù)詞 2 序數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞就是表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞,分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。,一.基數(shù)詞,表示數(shù)量多少的詞是基數(shù)詞,如:one, two, three等。構(gòu)成方法如下: 1)從112分別由從one到twelve12個各不相同的詞表示。 2)從1319均以后綴-teen結(jié)尾。 3)從2090的整十?dāng)?shù)詞均以后綴-ty結(jié)尾。表示“幾十幾”時,個位和十位之間需加連字符,如twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three等。 4)數(shù)字的寫法和讀法: 十位與個位之間要加連字符“-”; 百位和十位之間要加and; 三位數(shù)以上
2、的數(shù),從個位往前數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“,”,從后往前數(shù)的第一個逗 號代表thousand,第二個逗號代表million,第三個逗號是billion,注意這幾個詞不能用復(fù) 數(shù)形式,后也不能加and。,5)表示具體、準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)目時,hundred, thousand, million等數(shù)詞后不能加-s, 如five hundred, six thousand, seven million等。6)當(dāng)hundred, thousand等數(shù)詞與of連用,表示不具體、不準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)目時,詞尾須加-s。如: thousands of students, millions of trees.,二.序數(shù)詞,1)不規(guī)
3、則變化 2)以-ty結(jié)尾的表示“幾十”的基數(shù)詞,先把y變?yōu)閕,再加-eth 3)表示“第幾十幾”時,十位數(shù)的“幾十”仍用基數(shù)詞,只把個位部分變成序數(shù)詞就行了。 4)除上述情況外,均在詞尾加-th,如ten tenth one hundred one hundredth,三. 數(shù)詞的用法,(一)表示事物的編號 基數(shù)詞放到名詞的后邊,該名詞一般要大寫;序數(shù)詞放到名詞的前面,加定冠詞。 第一課 Lesson 2/ the second lesson. Row 5/ the fifth row (二)年、日、時刻表達方法。 “年”用基數(shù)詞,“日”用序數(shù)詞,前要加定冠詞。讀的順序是月日年。如:1990
4、年5月2日讀作:May the second, nineteen ninety??梢詫懗? May 5th, 1990,“時刻”用基數(shù)詞表達,同時要注意以下兩點。,1.表示“整點”時,在基數(shù)詞后加oclock; 10:00 oclock. 2.分鐘小于或等于30分鐘的,用“分鐘數(shù)past鐘點數(shù)”形式;分鐘數(shù)大于30分鐘的,用“到下一個鐘點所差的分鐘數(shù)to下一個鐘點數(shù)”形式,也可以依次讀鐘點數(shù)和分鐘數(shù)。 8:25 twenty-five past eight或eight twenty-five. 3.注意兩個特殊的表示時間的單位詞:30分鐘用half,15分鐘用a quarter,如: 8:30
5、 讀作:half past eight 6:45 讀作:a quarter to seven 5:15 讀作:a quarter past five,(三)分數(shù)的表達方法,表示分數(shù)時,分子用基數(shù),分母用序數(shù),分子大于1,分母用復(fù)數(shù)。分數(shù)修飾名詞時,后用of短語。如: 1/4 one fourth of apples 3/7 three sevenths of the boys 1/2, 1/4,3/4可以用 a half, a quarter, three quarters表示。,(四)“基數(shù)詞名詞形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu),“基數(shù)詞名詞形容詞”只能用來放到名詞前作定語。如: Tom has a one-m
6、illion-pound note. This is an eight-thousand-word article. 注:這種結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù),同時只能作定語。用作表語時,不用連字符,名詞有復(fù)數(shù)。如: Cathy is 10 years old this year. Cathy is a 10-year-old girl.,考試考什么?,成人高考從以下幾個方面來考查學(xué)生對數(shù)詞的掌握情況:,1.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞,On the day of my stay in the capital city, I bought story-books from a store. A. fourtieth
7、, two B. fortieth, three C. twelfth, thirdD. second, third,B,解題技巧 以此立意的試題要求考生能正確使用基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞用來表達事物的量;序數(shù)詞用來表達事物的順序。 本題的第一空表示順序用序數(shù)詞fortieth;第二空用基數(shù)詞three,答案為B。,2.分數(shù),I felt very sorry because I had wanted to spend__ of it on a color TV. A. two-fifth B. two-fiveths C. two-fifthsD. one-fifths,C,解題技巧
8、 以此立意的試題考查考生能否正確使用分數(shù):分子在前用基數(shù),分母在后用序數(shù)。分子大于一,分母用復(fù)數(shù),分子與分母之間可以用連字符連起來也可以不用連字符,如two thirds或two-thirds;當(dāng)分數(shù)修飾名詞作定語時,后要跟of,如:two thirds of students 三分之二的學(xué)生 本題的選項中只有C項正確。,3. hundred,thousand,million,billion等單位數(shù)詞,Today there are about seven___Americans in colleges and universities. A. millions B. million C.
9、millions of D. million of,B,解題技巧 以此立意的試題考查考生能否正確使用hundred等單位數(shù)詞。表示單位的數(shù)詞用法分兩種情況:1)當(dāng)放在具體的數(shù)字后邊,表示具體的“百、千、百萬、十億”時,不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以直接修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù),如two thousand students;2)當(dāng)表示大概的“幾百、幾千、幾百萬、幾十億”時,用“復(fù)數(shù)形式of”結(jié)構(gòu),前邊不能用具體的數(shù)字,如:thousands of students。 本題中只有B項正確。,1. May 23rd is read “____ ” or“____ ”. A.May twenty-three; May t
10、wenty three B. Twenty-three of May; twenty third in May C. May (the) twenty-third;the twenty-third of May D. the twenty-third May; twenty-three May,c,鞏固練習(xí),,2.I bought __ English story-books from the store. A.two scores B. score of C. two dozen D.dozen of After __ walk, I got on a trolley-bus.
11、 A. five minutes B. a five-minutes C. five minutes D. a five-minutes,C,A,4. They also wrote____of beautiful pieces of music for the orchestra. A. hundredB. six hundred C. a hundredD. hundreds 5.It took me ____ to get to the station. A. one and a half hour B. an hour and one half C. one and half hours D. an hour and a half,D,D,,,Homework for today,1. Review the lesson 2. Finish the exercise on your workbook 3. Preview the next lesson of “adjective & adverb”,