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1、Professional English for Geographic Information System,Increase the ability of using English to read professional books Improve the use of English in the capacity of professional and academic exchanges Grasp the threads and trends of the same professional development abroad,Teaching Purposes and Fo
2、cus on Courses,Teaching Method and Period Arrangement,Blackboard teaching multimedia Classroom discussion 32 Period,Assessment methods,Attendance+Classroom performance 30% Classroom discussion 40% The assignments 30%,Part The Basic Concept of GIS,Chapter Outline Points 1 What Is GIS? Points 2 Comp
3、onents of GIS Points 3 GIS Function components Points 4 A Brief History of GIS Points 5 Relationship of GIS to other fields,Points 1 What Is GIS?,Computer system for capturing storing querying analyzing and displaying geographically referenced data.,Figure1 GIS system,,,,,,,,,,,Datasource,Real World
4、,Spatial Database,User,GIS system,Capturing Spatial data,Spatial data Input,Spatial data Management,Decision Support,Solve Spatially Referenced Problems,Geographically Referenced Data,Also called geospatial data Describe both locations and characteristics of spatial features Note: Ability to proce
5、ss geographically referenced data distinguishes GIS from other information systems.,Geographically Referenced Data,1. Spatial Data 2. Attribute Data 3. Joining Spatial and Attribute Data,1. Spatial Data,Describes location Coordinate system Map projection,2. Attribute Data,Characteristics of spatial
6、features -Non-spatial attributes of those features,3. Joining Spatial and Attribute Data,Relational database Georelational data model Object-based data model,Points 2 Components of a GIS,Figure2 Components of GIS,1. Hardware: Including various hardware devices, the material foundation to achieve sys
7、tem functions. 2. Software: Computer System to Support data collection, storage, processing, and answer the users question. 3.Spatial Data: The object of analysis and processing, Constitute a basis for the application. 4.People: GIS Clients, divided into general users and senior users in the establi
8、shment, maintenance, management and renewal of GIS.,,,,Figure 3 GIS Hardware,1. Hardware,,The heart of the system for the implementation of the various operations of GIS functions, including data input, processing, database management, spatial analysis and graphical user interface (GUI). In accord
9、ance with its function, It is divided into: (1) GIS Professional Software. (2) Database Software. (3) Systems Management Software, etc. With its hierarchical structure below:,2. Software,Figure 4 Hierarchical Surcture of GIS Software,(1) GIS Professional Software,Generally refers to common GIS s
10、oftware with a variety of functions, which contains Various advanced features dealing with geographical information. It can be used as a platform for other application system.,Representative products:,Abroad:,Domestic:,Representative products:,,Generally contain the following core modules : Data inp
11、ut and edit Spatial data management Data output User interface Ability to develop a secondary system,(2) Database Software,ESRI Personal database(mdb) SDE(sde for oracle | mysql | sqlserver) Oracle spatial Mysql spatial PostgreSQL+PostGIS,(3) System Management Software,Windows UNIX Linux,全球服務器端操
12、作系統(tǒng)市場份額(按銷售收入),Points 3 Functional Elements,,Points 4 A Brief History of GIS,The development of GIS depends on the development of computer technology, especially the development of computer graphics.,GIS germinated in the early 1960s, by the Canada Roger F. Tomlinson and the United States Duane F. M
13、arble in different places from different angles. The former aimed at land use, established the Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS) at Canada Land Survey Bureau, while the latter research on large-scale urban transport at the Northwestern University of the United States, and proposed the esta
14、blishment of GIS software systems thinking.,Seeing from GIS development history, advances to a higher level every decade : 1960s：Pioneering stage of development. Computer-aided Mapping, and Analysis of Operator 1970s：Consolidation phase. Large capacity, graphical HCI(Human-Computer Interaction) 1980
15、s：Breakthrough stage. Microcomputer GIS software products, application extended. 1990s：Socialization stage. Spatial information industry, WebGIS 21th Century：Spatial Information Infrastructure (SII) .Digital City, Digital Earth,Points 5 Relationship of GIS to other fields,The Highly Integrated 3S Te
16、chnology The integrated applications of GPS,GIS and RS, constitute a whole, real-time and dynamic Earth observation, analysis and application operating system. The interaction between the three formed a one brain, two eyes framework, namely, RS and GPS provide or update the regional information
17、 and spatial location for GIS.And GIS does the corresponding spatial analysis, to extract useful information from a broad array of data provided by RS and GPS, and then do prehensive integration so that it will become the scientific basis for decision-making.,In 3S technology integration, GPS rapidl
18、y provides the spatial location of the objects in real-time. RS quickly provided the information of a large area of surface objects and their various changes in real-time. GIS is the comprehensive processing and application analysis platform for Spatio-temporal data from multiple .,United States Cruise Missiles and Patriot Missiles installed the 3S integrated system, can achieve automatic navigation, automatic tracking, automatic target identification, to carry out an accurate interception and hit.,
《GIS專業(yè)英語》PPT課件.ppt
