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1、非謂語動詞
一、非謂語動詞的句法功能
名稱
語 法 功 能
主語
賓語
賓語補足語
表語
定語
狀語
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
動名詞
√
√
√
√
現(xiàn)在分詞
√
√
√
√
過去分詞
√
√
√
√
二、非謂語題動詞的解題總方法與思路
1.先看四個答案:如果四個答案分別為動詞原形、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等情況,那么這個題多半是非謂語動詞題。
2.看符號:中間有個逗號,末尾有個句號(有時中間沒有逗號)。
3.看有沒有連接詞(引導詞):如果用逗號隔開的兩個部分都沒有連接詞的話,一
2、部分是句子時,那么另一部分就一定是非句子,而非句子里的動詞就是非謂語動詞。
4.定語態(tài):如果本句的主語(或動詞自帶的邏輯主語)與它是邏輯上的主謂關系,那么答案一般用V-ing形式;如果本句的主語(或動詞自帶的邏輯主語)與它是邏輯上的動賓關系(被動關系),那么答案一般用V-ed形式。
5.定時態(tài):如果非謂語的動作比謂語先(或先很久)發(fā)生,那么非謂語動詞要用完成式(to have done/to have been done/ having done/ having been done),否則要用非謂語的一般式(to do / to be done / doing / being done /
3、 done)。
1. _________ for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.
A. Being scolded B. Having been scolded C. To be scolded D. Scolding
【1答案:B】
三、非謂語動詞可能出現(xiàn)的考查點及易錯點
(一)使用非謂動詞的語言結構
1)在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句結構中,可能會考查“以動詞原形開頭”的祈使句,四個答案表面上象非謂語,其實考查的是謂語。
2. ______ hard and you will s
4、ucceed in the exam.
3. ______ hard or you will fail in the exam.
A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied
【2、3答案:A A】
2)在“句子,非句子”結構中,非句子部分用非謂語。
4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.
A. make B. to make C. making D.
5、made
【4答案:C】
3)在“非句子,句子”結構中,非句子部分用非謂語。
5. _______ with children, I know what is needed most.
A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work
【5答案:B】
4)在“with + 賓語+ 賓語補足語”結構中,賓語補足語可能用非謂語動詞。
6. With her baby _______ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.
A. sleep
6、 B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping
【6答案:D】
7. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.
A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut
【7答案:A】
5)在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使讓動詞或感觀動詞后面作賓語補足語時,也可能用非謂語動詞。
8. He made his sister ______
7、 by taking away her toy.
9. His sister was made _______ by his taking away her toy.
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried
【8、9答案:A B】
10. The policeman found the thief _____ his hand into an old man’s pocket and arrested him.
A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put
【10答
8、案:B】
(二)非謂語動詞考點易錯點
1)表面上考分詞,實際上考形容詞的情況:
11. _______, he fell asleep quickly.
A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire
【11答案:C】
12. The man won a big prize, ________ and ________.
A. surprised; happy B. surprising; happy
C. surprised; pleasant D. surprising; pleased
【12答案
9、:A】
13. ____ in thought of the problems, the man didn’t realize his girlfriend’s coming in.
A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost
【13答案:B】
14. The students _______ in art can sign in the form and be a member of our school.
A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To intere
10、st
【14答案:C】
2)在“被動形式表主動”情況中出題:
15. __________ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.
A. Worn B. wear C. dressed in D. dressing
【15答案:C】(wear的后面加衣服;dress表示動作時,后面要加人而不加衣;be dressed in是固定搭配,其中的dressed已經(jīng)演變成形容詞,本是其實可以看成是when the girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而來的。)
16. _______ in a
11、 armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.
A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated
【16答案:D】(sit是動詞,這里應該用sitting; seat作動詞時,其后不加凳子,要加人,而且這個詞一般用被動形式表示主動意義。)
3)在“主動形式表被動”的情況中出題:
17. ________ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.
A. Look B. Lo
12、oking C. Looked D. Looking
【17答案:D】(look在本題中不是實意動詞,而是感觀系動詞,系動詞在非謂語中用主動式表被動。)
18. With many problems ______, the newly selected president will have a hard time.
A. remain unsettled B. remaining unsettled
C. remained unsettling D. remained unsettling
【18答案:B】(用with
13、開頭的部分在這里是一個介詞短語,不是句子,因此用非謂語,而remain表示“仍然;仍然是”時是系動詞,只能用主動形式;problems與unsettle是動賓關系或被動關系,所以用過去分詞unsettled.)
19. Having some clothes _________, I cannot join you to see the film.
A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D. washing
【19答案:A】(賓語補足語中的動詞用非謂語動詞;雖然衣服應該是被洗,但是當句子主語與不定式為主謂關系時,用主動形式表被動
14、。)
20. _________ smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.
A. To write B. Writing C. being written D. Written
【20答案:B】(動詞如果不是表示動作,而是表示物體具有某種性質或特征時,往往用主動形式表示被動。)
4)從“主語一致或主語不一致”角度出題:
逗號分開的前后兩部分有時邏輯主語一致,有時邏輯主語不一致。邏輯主語不一致時,非謂語動詞一般要自帶邏輯主語,這種現(xiàn)象叫做“分詞的獨立主格結構?!?
21. _______ from
15、this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw
【21答案:C】(空格處的動詞本身沒有帶主語,那么本句的主語the mountain就要做其邏輯主語,由于the mountain與see是動賓關系,所以用過去分詞。)
22. _______, I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits B. If time permittin
16、g
C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting
【22答案:C】(permit與I沒有主謂關系,也沒有動賓關系,permit自帶了邏輯主語time(“時間允許的話”),而time與permit為邏輯上的主謂關系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立結構。)
(三)非謂語動詞應注意的幾點
1)有些分詞有時可作分詞有時又可作形容詞。
23. _________ enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave.
24. _________ with difficulties, we should not give in.
17、
A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. face
【23答案:C】【24答案:B】(23題中的face是一個動詞,由于與Liu Hunan是邏輯上的主謂關系,我們用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;24題中實際上考查了be faced with這一固定搭配,其中的faced看成形容詞。)
25. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, ______ to help solve the crisis.
26. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, ___
18、___ at helping solve the crisis.
A. aim B. aiming C. aimed D. to aim
【25選B、 26選C】(25題考查了動詞aim to do sth.(旨在做某事);26題考查固定搭配be aimed at doing sth. (旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容詞)。
27. Though _______ money, his parents sent him to a key university.
28. Though _______ in money, his parents sent him to a
19、key university.
29. Though in _____ of money, his parents sent him to a key university.
A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D. to lack
【27選B、28選B、29選A】 (27題中非謂語動詞lacking(與his parents及money分別構成邏輯上的主謂關系和動賓關系);28題中考查了固定搭配:be lacking in(“缺少”),其中的lacking 為形容詞;29題考查了固定搭配(介賓結構)in lack of(“缺少”),其中的
20、lack是名詞,這其實是由though his parents were in lack of money省略了主語和were而來的)。
2)作結果狀語時,doing與 (only) to do的區(qū)別。
表示結果狀語時,現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)表示意料之中的結果;而不定式(to do/ only to do)表示意料之外的結果.
30. His parents were killed in the accident, (thus ) _______ him an orphan.
A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave
【 30選
21、B】(他父母出了事故,他變成了孤兒就是意料之中在事情了,用現(xiàn)在分詞表結果狀語。)
31. I hurried to school, only _______ that it was Sunday.
A. find B. finding C. found D. to find
【31選D】(發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天是我匆忙趕到學校意料之外的結果,說明我忘記了,如果我知道是星期天就不可能還匆忙地趕到學校了。用不定式表意料之外的的結果。)
3)作主語時,非謂語動詞之to do與doing 的區(qū)別。
32. _________ is a good form of exercise fo
22、r both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
【32選B】(不定式做主語常表示具體的一次性的動作; 動名詞表示一般的經(jīng)常性的動作。)
4)演變成了介詞或連詞的分詞。
英語中有些詞表面上看是分詞,但實際上已經(jīng)變成了介詞,因此應該用ing
形式還是分詞ed形式已經(jīng)變得約定俗成了。這時往往不適用非謂動詞規(guī)則,而
是看英美人士的習慣。
33. ___________her age, she looks quite young.
A. Consider B. Consi
23、dered C. To consider D. Considering
【33選D】(題意是:“就她的年齡而論,她顯得十分年輕?!边@里的considering表示“考慮到;鑒于”,它已經(jīng)變成了介詞,不管是“考慮還是被考慮”這里都用considering.)
高中階段我們還學過的有:
介詞
concerning
regarding
according to
including
owing to
關于
關于
根據(jù);按照
包括
因為;由于
連詞
given
supposing
seeing (that)
imaging
providing/provi
24、ded
鑒于
假如
因為;既然
假如
假如
5) 有些非謂語動詞是省略而來的,有些則不是。
34. ______ by her mother, the girl burst into tears.
A. Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scolding D. To scold
【34選B】(scold與the girl是動賓關系,因此用過去分詞作原因狀語;其實這個句子也是由一個完整的原因狀語從句省略來的。原句為:Because the girl was scolded by her mother, the girl burst int
25、o tears. 當主從復合句的主語一致,且謂語動詞里有be 動詞時,可以把 “連詞+主語+be” 部分省略。)
35. ________ the tomb for 5 years, he is now called an expert more or less.
A. Studying B. Having studied C. Having been studied D. To study
【35選B】(逗號前面部分不是句子省略而來,由于he 與study是邏輯上的主謂關系,加上study在先(有5年了),被叫做“專家”在后,所以用非謂語動詞的主動完成式)。
6
26、)“連詞+分詞”和“介詞+動名詞”的區(qū)別。
36. If _______ (give) another hour, I would have finished it better.
37. While _________ (do) homework, the boy likes listening to light music.
【36. given; 37.doing】(given是由if I had been given another hour省略來的,if
在省略前省略后都是連詞; doing是由while the boy are doing homework省略來的,while在省略前后都是連詞)。
38. After __________ (graduate), he found a job as a secretary in a company.
【38. graduating/graduation】(after 這時是個介詞,所以后面總是用動名詞,如果改為after he graduated,那么這個after就變成了連詞。)