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1、第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)1313簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 英語(yǔ)中，只含有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并且句子各成分都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句子或分句叫作簡(jiǎn)單句。高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講1.陳述句的肯定句(1)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)。如：The rain stopped.雨停了。(2)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)賓語(yǔ)。如：Children are playing basketball.孩子們?cè)诖蚧@球。(3)主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)。如：Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天樹(shù)葉變黃。(4)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)。如：My father bought me a co
2、mputer.我爸爸給我買了臺(tái)電腦。(5)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：He made his sister cried just now.他剛剛把他妹妹弄哭了?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 陳述句陳述句2陳述句的否定式在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞后直接加not。如：Man can not live without water.沒(méi)有水人類不能生存。Jim is not playing football now.吉姆現(xiàn)在不在踢足球。He didnt watch TV last night.他昨晚沒(méi)看電視?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句1.一般疑問(wèn)句(1)一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞提前
3、，句尾加問(wèn)號(hào)。第一人稱需變?yōu)榈诙朔Q，some變?yōu)閍ny，something 變?yōu)閍nything。(2)一般疑問(wèn)句的用法一般疑問(wèn)句表示詢問(wèn)事物或某種情況是否屬實(shí)，需要對(duì)方給予肯定或否定的回答，回答一般用yes或no，讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。如：Are you a doctor？你是醫(yī)生嗎？Yes，I am./No，Im not.是的，我是。/不，我不是。【注意】(1)為使語(yǔ)氣客氣委婉，也可以用其他詞來(lái)代替yes或no來(lái)回答。如：Can you go to the park with me？你能與我一起去公園嗎？Im afraid not.I have a lot of work to do.恐怕不行。我
4、還有很多工作要做。(2)否定的一般疑問(wèn)句通常是以be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞加not 的縮略形式開(kāi)頭，往往用于表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑。否定的一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)yes和no 的漢語(yǔ)翻譯與其原意正好相反。如：Dont you hear of that？你沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那件事嗎？Yes，I do./No，I dont.不，我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。/是的，我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。2.特殊疑問(wèn)句(1)特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句一般由“疑問(wèn)詞一般疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成。但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)代詞who，what，which 或 which作限定詞修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序。(2)特殊疑問(wèn)詞的用法特殊疑問(wèn)詞用法例句what問(wèn)事物是什么或人的職業(yè)。意為“什么
5、”What is she？她的職業(yè)是什么？She is a nurse.她是一位護(hù)士。who用于對(duì)人進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。意為“誰(shuí)”Who is she？她是誰(shuí)？She is my mother.她是我的媽媽。whom用于對(duì)作賓語(yǔ)的人提問(wèn)。意為“誰(shuí)”Whom did you go to the supermarket with？你和誰(shuí)去的超市？I went to the supermarket with my brother.我和我哥去的超市。which用于對(duì)一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物提問(wèn)。意為“哪一個(gè)”Which season do you like best？你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)？I like autumn b
6、est.我最喜歡秋天。whose用于對(duì)所屬關(guān)系進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。意為“誰(shuí)的”Whose book is this？這是誰(shuí)的書(shū)？Lucys.露西的。when用于對(duì)時(shí)間提問(wèn)，意為“什么時(shí)候”When is your birthday？你生日是哪天？May 5.五月五號(hào)。what time一般用于對(duì)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)提問(wèn)。意為“幾點(diǎn)鐘”What time do you usually watch TV？你通常幾點(diǎn)看電視？I usually watch TV at 7：30.我通常7：30看電視。where用于對(duì)地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。意為“哪里”Where is Lily？莉莉在哪？She is at the school
7、 library.她在學(xué)校圖書(shū)館。why用于對(duì)原因進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。意為“為什么”Why are you late？你為什么遲到了？how用于詢問(wèn)做事的方式和詢問(wèn)健康狀況。意為“如何，怎樣”How do you go to school？你怎樣去學(xué)校？I often go to school by bike.我經(jīng)常騎自行車去學(xué)校。how many跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，問(wèn)數(shù)量。意為“多少”How many people are there in your family？你家有幾口人？5.五口。how much跟不可數(shù)名詞，問(wèn)數(shù)量或價(jià)格。意為“多少”How much milk do you need？你需要多少的牛
8、奶？how long對(duì)物體的長(zhǎng)度、一段時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。意為“多長(zhǎng)，多久”How long is the bridge？這橋多長(zhǎng)？how far對(duì)距離進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。意為“多遠(yuǎn)”How far is it from your home to your school？你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？how often對(duì)頻率進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。意為“多久一次”How often do you exercise？你多久鍛煉一次？3.選擇疑問(wèn)句要求對(duì)方對(duì)兩種或兩種以上的情況進(jìn)行選擇的問(wèn)句，叫作選擇疑問(wèn)句。選擇疑問(wèn)句的兩個(gè)供選擇的部分之間用or連接。選擇疑問(wèn)句不能用yes 或 no 回答。如：Do you like Tom or Jer
9、ry？你喜歡湯姆還是杰瑞？I like Jerry.我喜歡杰瑞。Which do you like best，apples，oranges or bananas？你最喜歡哪一樣，蘋果、橘子還是香蕉？I like apples best.我最喜歡蘋果。4反意疑問(wèn)句陳述部分附加部分例句肯定句否定疑問(wèn)句You are a student，arent you？你是一名學(xué)生，對(duì)嗎？He works hard，doesnt he？他學(xué)習(xí)努力，對(duì)嗎？否定句肯定疑問(wèn)句Those arent apples，are they？那些不是蘋果，是嗎？Lets祈使句shall we？Lets go to the mov
10、ies，shall we？咱們?nèi)タ措娪?，好嗎？祈使句will you？Let us go to the movies，will you？讓我們?nèi)タ措娪?，好嗎？【注意?.陳述句中有l(wèi)ittle，few，no，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等表示否定意義的詞時(shí)，附加反意疑問(wèn)部分用肯定形式。如：There is little water in the bottle，is there？瓶子里沒(méi)多少水了，是嗎？2陳述句主語(yǔ)為不定代詞nothing，something，anything時(shí)，附加反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用代詞it；陳述句主語(yǔ)為不定代詞everyone，no one，som
11、eone，everybody，nobody，anybody時(shí)，附加反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)常用代詞they，有時(shí)也用he。如：Something is wrong with your car，isnt it？你的車有問(wèn)題了，是嗎？3陳述句部分如果是“I(dont)think(believe，suppose.)賓語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，附加反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如：I dont think he is right，is he？我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)，是吧？考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 祈使句祈使句 祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸說(shuō)、號(hào)召、警告等，其特點(diǎn)是省略了主語(yǔ)，以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，祈使
12、句常見(jiàn)幾種形式有：形式特點(diǎn)例句V型祈使句以行為動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭Listen to me，please.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)我講。B型祈使句以be開(kāi)頭Be quiet，please.請(qǐng)安靜。L型祈使句以let開(kāi)頭Let me help you.讓我?guī)椭恪型祈使句以Dont動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭Dont eat in class.不要在課堂上吃東西。No型祈使句No動(dòng)詞的ing形式 No parking！禁止停車！No名詞No photos！禁止拍照！考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 4 感嘆句感嘆句感嘆句就是用來(lái)表達(dá)喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。感嘆句類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句Howadj./adv.(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！How fast she
13、is running！她跑得多快??！what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句Whata/anadj.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！What an interesting book it is！多么有趣的一本書(shū)??！Whatadj.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！What good students they are！他們是多好的學(xué)生?。hatadj.不可數(shù)名詞(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！What bad weather it is！多么糟糕的天氣??！考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5 5 there bethere be句型句型1.there be句型構(gòu)成形式一般為“there be某人/物地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間”，表示“在某地有某物(或某人)”。be動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)保持人
14、稱和數(shù)的一致。如果主語(yǔ)部分是兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞一般和就近主語(yǔ)的數(shù)或人稱保持一致。如：There is a book and two pencils on the desk.書(shū)桌上有一本書(shū)和兩支鉛筆。2“therebesb./sth.地點(diǎn)”的否定形式是在be動(dòng)詞后面加not，not any，no。如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里沒(méi)有水。3there be句型若變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句則需要把be提前到句首。如：Is there any water in the bottle？瓶子里有水嗎？4there be句型有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，而且可以和各種助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)
15、詞連用。如：There will be/is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一將有一部新電影上映。There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.過(guò)去這兩幢樓后面有幾所房子。There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某個(gè)地方出錯(cuò)了?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 6 倒裝句倒裝句1.以here，there等副詞開(kāi)頭構(gòu)成的倒裝句，有兩種形式：完全倒裝副詞動(dòng)詞名詞Here is a photo of my family.這是一張我的全家福。不完全倒裝 副詞代詞動(dòng)詞Here you
16、are！給你！2.neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句“neither助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示上下句兩個(gè)不同人或物的行為或狀況一樣，是表示否定的倒裝。如：He wasnt late for school，neither was I他上學(xué)沒(méi)遲到，我也沒(méi)有。Tom has never been to China.湯姆從未去過(guò)中國(guó)。Neither has his brother.他的弟弟也沒(méi)去過(guò)。3副詞only置于句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。如：Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用這種方式，你
17、才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。十年真題十年真題全練全練 簡(jiǎn)單句不是臨沂中考單項(xiàng)填空的常考點(diǎn)，有隔年考查的趨勢(shì)。在2018年臨沂英語(yǔ)中考中，單項(xiàng)填空可能有1道題考查簡(jiǎn)單句，考查的內(nèi)容多為特殊疑問(wèn)詞或感嘆句。在閱讀表達(dá)中則多為疑問(wèn)句的考查?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 陳述句陳述句1.2012臨沂，78Lisa bought a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday.(改為否定句)List _ _ _ _a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday.22011臨沂，78There were some tigers in the mountains.(改為否定句)T
18、here _ _ _ _tigers in the mountains.32009臨沂，76Grace learns English by reading aloud.(改為否定句)Grace _ _ _ _English by reading aloud.didntbuywerentanydoesntlearn考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句4.2016臨沂，25_do you have dinner with your family at restaurants?Hardly ever.AHow often BHow long CHow many DHow much52015臨沂，26_peo
19、ple travel every year?Perhaps when we are talking about it，more than 100 planes have taken off around the world.AHow many BHow much CHow long DHow often62012臨沂，32_have you lived with your grandparents?About three years.AHow long BHow many CHow much DHow oftenAAA72009臨沂，29_ yogurt do you need?Three c
20、ups.AHow long BHow farCHow many DHow much82009臨沂，32Liu Qian has made“magic”a hot word，_ he?Adoesnt Bdidnt Chasnt Disnt92008臨沂，25_do you go to the library?I usually go to the library twice a week.AHow long BHow oftenCHow far DHow manyDCB102008臨沂，27It rained last night，_？Awasnt it Bdidnt itCdoesnt it
21、Dwont it112012臨沂，77There are some flowers in the garden.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_ _ _ _any flowers in the garden?122012臨沂，79David is playing basketball in the playground now.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))_ _ _ _playing basketball in the playground now?132011臨沂，77Alice has a tennis racket.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_ _Alice _ _a tennis racket?142011臨沂，7
22、9The twins are of medium height(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))_ _ _ _ the twins _ _ _ _？BArethereWhoisDoeshaveWhatdolooklike152010臨沂，76Julie bought a tennis racket last Sunday.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_ Julie _ a tennis racket last Sunday?162010臨沂，77Our school holds an Art Festival once_a_year(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))_ _ does your school hold an Art Fe
23、stival?172009臨沂，77Tina was_waiting_for_me when I arrived at the museum.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))_ _ _ Tina _ when you arrived at the museum?DidWhatbuyHowoftenwasdoing182008臨沂，86There is a park near here.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_ _ _ a park near here?192008臨沂，87Gina usually goes to school by_bicycle every day.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))_ _Gina usua
24、lly go to school every day?IsthereHowdoes考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 祈使句祈使句20.2012臨沂，80You shouldnt arrive late for class.(改為祈使句)_ _ _ _ late for class.212008臨沂，88You shouldnt eat in class.(改為祈使句)_ _ _ _ in class.DontDontarriveeat考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 4 感嘆句感嘆句22.2017臨沂，27_amazing concert Li Yundi gave in Linyi!AHow an BHow CWhat an DW
25、hat232014臨沂，28_ delicious these beef noodles are!AWhat BHow CWhat a DHow aCB猜押預(yù)測(cè)猜押預(yù)測(cè)單項(xiàng)填空1_ do you volunteer in Old Peoples Home?Once a week.We hope to help the old more.AHow soon BHow many CHow often DHow long2Could you tell me_it takes to walk to the Disneyland?About 20 minutes.Ahow far Bhow long C
26、how often Dhow soon3_ did you visit Taiwan with，Sarah?My parents.We had a good time there.AWhat BWho CWhere DWhen4_ Disney amusement parks are there in China?Two.AHow many BHow often CHow soon DHow longCBBA5_ will Mr.Brown be back?In an hour.AHow long BHow often CHow soon DHow much6_ is it from your home to your school?Its about ten minutes walk.AHow long BHow farCHow many DHow much7_ exciting boat race it was!Many people watched it.AWhat a BWhat an CHow DHow a8My sister has won the first prize._ great she is!We are so proud of her.AWhat a BWhat CHow a DHowCBDB
（臨沂專）中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)13 簡(jiǎn)單句課件
