C6150型普通車床的數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計(jì)含5張CAD圖

C6150型普通車床的數(shù)控化改造設(shè)計(jì)含5張CAD圖,c6150,普通,車床,數(shù)控,改造,設(shè)計(jì),cad 附錄：外文資料 Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasure Equip the engineering level， level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry， numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip （such as information technology and his industry， biotechnology and his industry， aviation， spaceflight， etc. national defense industry） last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said "the differences of different economic times， do not lie in what is produced， and lie in how to produce， produce with some means of labor ". Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity， and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively， in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level， improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country， not merely take the great measure to develop one's own numerical control technology and industry， and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of " high-grade， precision and advanced key technology of numerical control " and equipping. In a word， develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner， important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information， integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry， namely the so-called digitization is equipped， its technological range covers a lot of fields: （1）Mechanical manufacturing technology； （2）Information processing， processing， transmission technology； （3）Automatic control technology； （4）Servo drive technology； （5）Technology of the sensor； （6）Software engineering ，etc.. Development trend of a numerical control technology The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition， make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol ， and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application， the development of some important trades （IT ， automobile ， light industry ， medical treatment ，etc. ） to the national economy and the people's livelihood of his plays a more and more important role， because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equipping the development trend to see， there is the following several respect in its main research focus. 1、A high-speed， high finish machining technology and new trend equipped The efficiency， quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed， high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly ， improve the quality and grade of the products， shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this， learn （CIRP） to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry， produce one second when beat such as production of 300，000 / vehicle per year， and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of； In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry， spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle， rigidity is very bad， the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy， only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high， could process these muscles， walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank " pay empty " make the wing recently， such large-scale parts as the fuselage ，etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet ， screw and other connection way， make the intensity ， rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these， to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed high-speed， high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation， high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high ， air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present， including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country， have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up. HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed， it is 100m/min to be fast， the acceleration reaches 2g， the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts， spend 30min only， and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h， the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h； The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 120000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy， the past 10 years， ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5μm up to from 10μm already， accurate grades of machining center from 3～5μm， rise to 1～1.5μm， and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already （0.01μm）. In dependability， MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h， MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h， demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize high-speed， high finish machining， if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft， straight line electrical machinery get fast development， the application is expanded further . 2、Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axes Adopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part， can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter ， not only highly polished， but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged， the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds， is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part， 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system ， host computer structure that but go over， it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles ， in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great， have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft， is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make， it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost， the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks. So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe （process the lathe including 5）. At EMO2001 exhibition， new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair， can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle， make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe， can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls. Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center， but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once， can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly. 3、Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently， openly， networkedly. The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system， the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality， control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course， the craft parameter is produced automatically； Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently， if feedforward control ， adaptive operation ， electrical machinery of parameter ， discern load select models ， since exactly makes etc. automatically； The ones that simplified programming ， simplified operating aspect are intelligent， for instance intelligent automatic programming ， intelligent man-machine interface ，etc.； There are content of intelligence diagnose ， intelligent monitoring ， diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ，etc.. Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present， such as NGC of U.S.A. （The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control）， OSACA of European Community （Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems）， OSEC （Open System Environment for Controller） of Japan， ONC （Open Numerical Control System） of China， etc.. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform， face the lathe producer and end user， through changing， increasing or cutting out the structure target（numerical control function）， form the serration， and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system， realize the open numerical control system of different variety ， different grade fast， form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present， communication norm ， disposing norm ， operation platform ， numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software development ，etc. are the core of present research. The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line ， manufacture system ， demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment， realize new manufacture mode such as quick make ， fictitious enterprise ， basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and protons of a machine in the past two years， if in EMO2001 exhibition， " Cyber Production Center " that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan （Mazak） （intellectual central production control unit， abbreviated as CPC）； The lathe company of Japanese big Wei （Okuma ） exhibits " IT plaza " （the information technology square ， is abbreviated as IT square ）； Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens （Siemens ） （open the manufacturing environment， abbreviated as OME），etc.， have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction.  中文翻譯： 數(shù)控技術(shù)和裝備發(fā)展趨勢及對策 裝備工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和現(xiàn)代化程度決定著整個國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平和現(xiàn)代化程度，數(shù)控技術(shù)及裝備是發(fā)展新興高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和尖端工業(yè)（如信息技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、生物技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)、航空、航天等國防工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)）的使能技術(shù)和最基本的裝備。馬克思曾經(jīng)說過“各種經(jīng)濟(jì)時代的區(qū)別，不在于生產(chǎn)什么，而在于怎樣生產(chǎn)，用什么勞動資料生產(chǎn)”。制造技術(shù)和裝備就是人類生產(chǎn)活動的最基本的生產(chǎn)資料，而數(shù)控技術(shù)又是當(dāng)今先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和裝備最為核心的技術(shù)。當(dāng)今世界各國制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術(shù)，以提高制造能力和水平，提高對動態(tài)多變市場的適應(yīng)能力和競爭能力。此外，世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家還將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物資，不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)，而且在“高精尖”數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對我國實(shí)行封鎖和限制政策。總之，大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)已成為世界各發(fā)達(dá)國家加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、提高綜合國力和國家地位的重要途徑。 數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對機(jī)械運(yùn)動和工作過程進(jìn)行控制的技術(shù)，數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備，其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域：（1）機(jī)械制造技術(shù)；（2）信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù)；（3）自動控制技術(shù)；（4）伺服驅(qū)動技術(shù)；（5）傳感器技術(shù)；（6）軟件技術(shù)等。 數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 數(shù)控技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不但給傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)帶來了革命性的變化，使制造業(yè)成為工業(yè)化的象征，而且隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大，他對國計(jì)民生的一些重要行業(yè)（IT、汽車、輕工、醫(yī)療等）的發(fā)展起著越來越重要的作用，因?yàn)檫@些行業(yè)所需裝備的數(shù)字化已是現(xiàn)代發(fā)展的大趨勢。從目前世界上數(shù)控技術(shù)及其裝備發(fā)展的趨勢來看，其主要研究熱點(diǎn)有以下幾個方面。 1、高速、高精加工技術(shù)及裝備的新趨勢 效率、質(zhì)量是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的主體。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次，縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場競爭能力。為此日本先端技術(shù)研究會將其列為5大現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)之一，國際生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)會（CIRP）將其確定為21世紀(jì)的中心研究方向之一。 在轎車工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，年產(chǎn)30萬輛的生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍是40秒/輛，而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點(diǎn)問題之一；在航空和宇航工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋，剛度很差，材料為鋁或鋁合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下，才能對這些筋、壁進(jìn)行加工。近來采用大型整體鋁合金坯料“掏空”的方法來制造機(jī)翼、機(jī)身等大型零件來替代多個零件通過眾多的鉚釘、螺釘和其他聯(lián)結(jié)方式拼裝，使構(gòu)件的強(qiáng)度、剛度和可靠性得到提高。這些都對加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。 從EMO2001展會情況來看，高速加工中心進(jìn)給速度可達(dá)80m/min，甚至更高，空運(yùn)行速度可達(dá)100m/min左右。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國的上海通用汽車公司，已經(jīng)采用以高速加工中心組成的生產(chǎn)線部分替代組合機(jī)床。美國CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach機(jī)床進(jìn)給速度最大達(dá)60m/min，快速100m/min，加速度達(dá)2g，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速已達(dá)60 000r/min。加工一個薄壁飛機(jī)零件，只用30min，而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需3h，在普通銑床加工需8h；德國DMG公司的雙主軸車床的主軸速度及加速度分別達(dá)120000r/mm和1g。 在加工精度方面，近10年來，普通級數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工精度已由10μm提高到5μm，精密級加工中心則從3～5μm，提高到1～1.5μm，并且超精密加工精度已開始進(jìn)入納米級（0.01μm）。 在可靠性方面，國外數(shù)控裝置的MTBF值已達(dá)6 000h以上，伺服系統(tǒng)的MTBF值達(dá)到30000h以上，表現(xiàn)出非常高的可靠性。 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)高速、高精加工，與之配套的功能部件如電主軸、直線電機(jī)得到了快速的發(fā)展，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。 2、 五軸聯(lián)動加工和復(fù)合加工機(jī)床快速發(fā)展 采用5軸聯(lián)動對三維曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進(jìn)行切削，不僅光潔度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般認(rèn)為，1臺5軸聯(lián)動機(jī)床的效率可以等于2臺3軸聯(lián)動機(jī)床，特別是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料銑刀進(jìn)行高速銑削淬硬鋼零件時，5軸聯(lián)動加工可比3軸聯(lián)動加工發(fā)揮更高的效益。但過去因5軸聯(lián)動數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等原因，其價格要比3軸聯(lián)動數(shù)控機(jī)床高出數(shù)倍，加之編程技術(shù)難度較大，制約了5軸聯(lián)動機(jī)床的發(fā)展。 當(dāng)前由于電主軸的出現(xiàn)，使得實(shí)現(xiàn)5軸聯(lián)動加工的復(fù)合主軸頭結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡化，其制造難度和成本大幅度降低，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的價格差距縮小。因此促進(jìn)了復(fù)合主軸頭類型5軸聯(lián)動機(jī)床和復(fù)合加工機(jī)床（含5面加工機(jī)床）的發(fā)展。 在EMO2001展會上，新日本工機(jī)的5面加工機(jī)床采用復(fù)合主軸頭，可實(shí)現(xiàn)4個垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5軸加工可在同一臺機(jī)床上實(shí)現(xiàn)，還可實(shí)現(xiàn)傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。德國DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次裝夾下實(shí)現(xiàn)5面加工和5軸聯(lián)動加工，可由CNC系統(tǒng)控制或CAD/CAM直接或間接控制。 3、 智能化、開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化成為當(dāng)代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的主要趨勢 21世紀(jì)的數(shù)控裝備將是具有一定智能化的系統(tǒng)，智能化的內(nèi)容包括在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中的各個方面：為追求加工效率和加工質(zhì)量方面的智能化，如加工過程的自適應(yīng)控制，工藝參數(shù)自動生成；為提高驅(qū)動性能及使用連接方便的智能化，如前饋控制、電機(jī)參數(shù)的自適應(yīng)運(yùn)算、自動識別負(fù)載自動選定模型、自整定等；簡化編程、簡化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自動編程、智能化的人機(jī)界面等；還有智能診斷、智能監(jiān)控方面的內(nèi)容、方便系統(tǒng)的診斷及維修等。 為解決傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)封閉性和數(shù)控應(yīng)用軟件的產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)存在的問題。目前許多國家對開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究，如美國的NGC（The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control）、歐共體OSACA（Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems）、日本OSEC（Open System Environment for Controller），中國的ONC（Open Numerical Control System）等。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開放化已經(jīng)成為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的未來之路。所謂開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)就是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)可以在統(tǒng)一的運(yùn)行平臺上，面向機(jī)床廠家和最終用戶，通過改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對象（數(shù)控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實(shí)現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個性的名牌產(chǎn)品。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運(yùn)行平臺、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當(dāng)前研究的核心。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化數(shù)控裝備是近兩年國際著名機(jī)床博覽會的一個新亮點(diǎn)。數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線、制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎(chǔ)單元。國內(nèi)外一些著名數(shù)控機(jī)床和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)制造公司都在近兩年推出了相關(guān)的新概念和樣機(jī)，如在EMO2001展中，日本山崎馬扎克（Mazak）公司展出的“CyberProduction Center”（智能生產(chǎn)控制中心，簡稱CPC）；日本大隈（Okuma）機(jī)床公司展出“IT plaza”（信息技術(shù)廣場，簡稱IT廣場）；德國西門子（Siemens）公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment（開放制造環(huán)境，簡稱OME）等，反映了數(shù)控機(jī)床加工向網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展的趨勢。