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設(shè)計(jì)題目空調(diào)零部件(導(dǎo)流板)的沖壓工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì),指導(dǎo)老師:符學(xué)龍 設(shè) 計(jì) 者:王文超,空調(diào)導(dǎo)流板,零件名稱:空調(diào)導(dǎo)流板 工件材料:Q235 材料厚度:1mm 生產(chǎn)批量:大批量,空調(diào)導(dǎo)流板的工藝分析,1.工件結(jié)構(gòu)形狀 2.工件尺寸精度 采用IT14級(jí)精度 3模具類型的確定,沖裁工藝方案的確定,排樣方式的選擇 材料利用率的提高,模具工序先后的確定 模架的選擇 送料導(dǎo)向方式的確定,模具結(jié)構(gòu)形式的確定,產(chǎn)品工序確定,1.拉深,2.拉深-沖孔,3.拉深-沖孔-翻邊,4.拉深-沖孔-翻邊-落料,級(jí)進(jìn)模具結(jié)構(gòu)分析,工藝零件 工作零件 定位零件 卸料零件 結(jié)構(gòu)零件 導(dǎo)向零件 固定零件 其它零件,模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),送料:導(dǎo)料板送進(jìn), 側(cè)刃定距 沖裁:拉深-沖孔-翻邊-落料 卸料:彈壓卸料,謝謝各位老師,Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xueyu,LUO Zhonghua,ZHANG Yan Abstract: Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern. It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. A new idea of concurrent design for heat treatment process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrent circumstance and the relevant model was built. These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency, reduce cost and ensure quality of R and D for products. Key words:die design; heat treatment; mould Traditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semiexperience,is isolated from manufacturing process.Before the design is finalized,the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again, thus some disadvantages come into being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect.Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly.Therefore more and more advanced technologies and innovations have been applied,for example,concurrent engineering,agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing,collaborative design,etc. Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design,manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture,assembly and service lifeDesign and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly,but heat treatment lagged seriously behind themAs die and mould industry develops,heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state of manufacture,assembly and wearresistant properties by request. Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing such as overhard andsoft and assemblyTraditionally the heat treatment process was made out according to the methods and properties brought forward by designer This could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatment diverge from each other,for the designers of die and mould could not fully realize heat treatment process and materials properties,and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designing thought. These divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent. Accordingly,if the process design of heat treatment is considered in the early designing stage,the aims of shortening development period,reducing cost and stabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of development pattern from serial to concurrent will be realized Concurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a carrier,at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing,heat treating,properties and so forth in order to avoid the errorThe concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern,which bring about a revolution against serial pattern In the present workthe heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development, and the systemic and profound research was performed 1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent Circumstance The concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the serial pattern(see Fig1). With regard to serial pattern,the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould,yet hardly consider the consequent process,so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwardsMeanwhile,the design department rarely communicates with the assembling,cost accounting and sales departments These problems certainly will influence the development progress of die and mould and the market foregroundWhereas in the concurrent pattern,the relations among departments are close,the related departments all take part in the development progress of die and mould and have close intercommunion with purchasersThis is propitious to elimination of the conflicts between departments, increase the efficiency and reduce the cost Heat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designingIn this way,it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the potential of the materials 2 Integration of Heat Treatment CADCAE for Die and Mould It can be seen from Fig2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integration frameAfter information input via product design module and heat treatment process generated via heat treatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing,simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heattreatment and the defect of possible emerging (such as overheat,over burning),and then the heat treatment process is judged if the optimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic vision technologyMoreover tool and clamping apparatus CAD and CAM are integrated into this system The concurrent engineering based integration frame can share information with other branch That makes for optimizing the heat treatment process and ensuring the process sound 2.1 3-D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatment The problems about materials,structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon as possible by 3-D model for heat treatment based on the shape of die and mouldModeling heating condition and phase transformation condition for die and mould during heat treatment are workable,because it has been broken through for the calculation of phase transformation thermodynamics,phase transformation kinetics,phase stress,thermal stress,heat transfer,hydrokinetics etcFor example,3-D heatconducting algorithm models for local heating complicated impression and asymmetric die and mould,and M ARC software models for microstructure transformation was usedComputer can present the informations of temperature,microstructure and stress at arbitrary time and display the entire transformation procedure in the form of 3-D by coupling temperature field,microstructure field and stress fieldIf the property can be coupled,various partial properties can be predicted by computer 2.2 Heat treatment process design Due to the special requests for strength,hardness,surface roughness and distortion during heat treatment for die and mould,the parameters including quenching medium type, quenching temperature and tempering temperature and time,must be properly selected,and whether using surface quenching or chemical heat treatment the parameters must be rightly determinedIt is difficult to determine the parameters by computer fullySince computer technology develops quickly in recent decades,the difficulty with largescale calculation has been overcomeBy simulating and weighing the property,the cost and the required period after heat treatmentit is not difficult to optimize the heat treatment process 2.3 Data base for heat treatment A heat treatment database is described in Fig 3The database is the foundation of making out heat treatment processGenerally,heat treatment database is divided into materials database and process databaseIt is an inexorable trend to predict the property by materials and processAlthough it is difficult to establish a property database,it is necessary to establish the database by a series of testsThe materials database includes steel grades,chemical compositions,properties and home and abroad grades parallel tablesThe process database includes heat treatment criterions,classes,heat preservation time and cooling velocityBased on the database,heat treatment process can be created by inferring from rules 2.4 Tool and equipment for heat treatment After heat treatment process is determined,tool and equipment CADCAE system transfers the information about design and manufacture to the numerical control deviceThrough rapid tooling prototype, the reliability of tool and the clamping apparatus can be judgedThe whole procedure is transferred by network,in which there is no manmade interference 3 Key Technique 3.1 Coupling of temperature,microstructure,stress and property Heat treatment procedure is a procedure of temperature-microstructurestress interactionThe three factors can all influence the property (see Fig4) During heating and cooling,hot stress and transformation will come into being when microstructure changes.Transformation temperature-microstructure and temperaturemicrostructureand stress-property interact on each otherResearch on the interaction of the four factors has been greatly developed,but the universal mathematic model has not been builtMany models fit the test nicely,but they cannot be put into practiceDifficulties with most of models are solved in analytic solution,and numerical method is employed so that the inaccuracy of calculation exists Even so,comparing experience method with qualitative analysis,heat treatment simulation by computer makes great progress 3.2 Establishment and integration of models The development procedure for die and mould involves design,manufacture,heat treatment,assembly,maintenance and so onThey should have own database and mode1They are in series with each other by the entityrelation modelThrough establishing and employing dynamic inference mechanism , the aim of optimizing design can be achievedThe relation between product model and other models was builtThe product model will change in case the cell model changes In fact,it belongs to the relation of data with die and mouldAfter heat treatment model is integrated into the system,it is no more an isolated unit but a member which is close to other models in the systemAfter searching,calculating and reasoning from the heat treatment database,procedure for heat treatment,which is restricted by geometric model,manufacture model for die and mould and by cost and property,is obtained If the restriction is disobeyed, the system will send out the interpretative warning All design cells are connected by communication network 3.3 Management and harmony among members The complexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating among item groupsBecause each member is short of global consideration for die and mould development, they need to be managed and harmonizedFirstly,each item group should define its own control condition and resource requested,and learn of the request of up-and-down working procedure in order to avoid conflictSecondly,development plan should be made out and monitor mechanism should be establishedThe obstruction can be duly excluded in case the development is hindered Agile management and harmony redound to communicating information, increasing efficiency,and reducing redundancyMeanwhile it is beneficial for exciting creativity,clearing conflict and making the best of resource 4 Conclusions (1) Heat treatment CAD CAE has been integrated into concurrent design for die and mould and heat treatment is graphed,which can increase efficiency,easily discover problems and clear conflicts (2) Die and mould development is performed on the same platformWhen the heat treatment process is made out,designers can obtain correlative information and transfer self-information to other design departments on the platform (3) Making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time can enormously shorten the development period and reduce cost References: 1 ZHOU Xiong-hui,PENG Ying-hongThe Theory and Technique of Modern Die and Mould Design and ManufactureMShanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University Press 2000(in Chinese) 2 Kang M,Park& Computer Integrated Mold ManufacturingJInt J Computer Integrated Manufacturing,1995,5:229-239 3 Yau H T, Meno C HConcurrent Process Planning for Finishing Milling and Dimensional Inspection of Sculptured Surface in Die and Mould ManufacturingJInt J Product Research,1993,31(11):27092725 4 LI Xiang,ZHOU Xiong-hui,RUAN Xue-yuApplication of Injection Mold Collaborative Manufacturing System JJournaI of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2000,35(4) : 1391-1394 5 Kuzman K,Nardin B,Kovae M ,et a1The Integration of Rapid Prototyping and CAE in Mould Manufacturing JJ Materials Processing Technology,2001,111: 279285 6 LI Xiong,ZHANG Hongbing,RUAN Xue-yu,et a1Heat Treatment Process Design Oriented Based on Concurrent EngineeringJJournal of Iron and Steel Research,2002,14(4):2629 文獻(xiàn)出處: LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xueyu,LUO Zhonghua,ZHANG Yan. Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent DesignJ. Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2006,13(1): 40-43,74 南京工程學(xué)院高等教育自學(xué)考試
畢業(yè)生學(xué)士學(xué)位申請(qǐng)表
承辦學(xué)院 江蘇財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 專業(yè) 數(shù)控加工與模具設(shè)計(jì)
姓 名
王文超
性 別
男
身份證號(hào)
320322198904280830
聯(lián)系電話
15152824266
準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)
088810202015
班 級(jí)
10模具(本)
入學(xué)年月
2010年 5 月
畢業(yè)年月
2012年 9 月
外 語(yǔ)
情 況
□國(guó)家大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試成績(jī)達(dá)到授予標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
□國(guó)家組織的本科段自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)成績(jī)達(dá)70分及以上
本科畢業(yè)
證書(shū)編號(hào)
擬申報(bào)學(xué)士學(xué)位科類名稱
工學(xué)學(xué)士
申報(bào)材料目錄
1、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)單
2、“外語(yǔ)情況”欄目中材料原件及復(fù)印件
3、身份證復(fù)印件
4、在校期間無(wú)違紀(jì)(如考試作弊等)行為
承辦學(xué)院蓋章 年 月 日
南京工程學(xué)院自考辦推薦意見(jiàn):
(蓋章) 年 月 日
學(xué)位證書(shū)號(hào)碼:
南京工程學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
課 題 名 稱:空調(diào)零部件(導(dǎo)流板)的沖壓工藝
與模具設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué) 生 姓 名: 王文超
指 導(dǎo) 教 師: 符學(xué)龍
所 在 學(xué) 院: 江蘇財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院
專 業(yè) 名 稱: 數(shù)控加工與模具設(shè)計(jì)
南京工程學(xué)院
2012年 2月 28日
說(shuō) 明
1.根據(jù)教育部對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn),學(xué)生必須撰寫(xiě)《畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告》,由指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)、教研室審查,系教學(xué)主任批準(zhǔn)后實(shí)施。
2.開(kāi)題報(bào)告是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成,開(kāi)題報(bào)告不合格者不得參加答辯。
3.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是,逐條認(rèn)真填寫(xiě)。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),語(yǔ)言通順,外來(lái)語(yǔ)要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫(xiě)詞,須注出全稱。
4.本報(bào)告中,由學(xué)生本人撰寫(xiě)的對(duì)課題和研究工作的分析及描述,應(yīng)不少于2000字,沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)整理歸納,缺乏個(gè)人見(jiàn)解僅僅從網(wǎng)上下載材料拼湊而成的開(kāi)題報(bào)告按不合格論。
5.開(kāi)題報(bào)告檢查原則上在第8周完成,各系完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題檢查后,應(yīng)寫(xiě)一份開(kāi)題情況總結(jié)報(bào)告。
學(xué)士學(xué)位畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
學(xué)生姓名
王文超
學(xué) 號(hào)
088810202015
專 業(yè)
數(shù)控加工與模具設(shè)計(jì)
指導(dǎo)教師
姓 名
符學(xué)龍
職 稱
講師
所在系部
機(jī)械與電子工程學(xué)院
課題來(lái)源
自擬課題
課題性質(zhì)
工程設(shè)計(jì)
課題名稱
空調(diào)零部件(導(dǎo)流板)的沖壓工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容和意義
1.主要內(nèi)容
本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)主要是針對(duì)圖1所示的產(chǎn)品完成其成形工藝及模具設(shè)計(jì),具體地說(shuō)需要完成如下各項(xiàng)任務(wù):
(1)繪制產(chǎn)品零件圖(二維和三維);
(2)查閱資料并就自己承當(dāng)?shù)恼n題方向?qū)懗鲩_(kāi)題報(bào)告;
(3)完成產(chǎn)品的工藝設(shè)計(jì)及模具設(shè)計(jì)并繪制模具及模具零件的工程圖;
(4)按規(guī)定格式和要求用Word打印畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)一份;
(5)用PowerPoint或其它軟件制作答辯提綱一份;
圖1 空調(diào)導(dǎo)流板的二維圖
2.意義
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)即將步入社會(huì)的我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)能力的一次全面考核,是從學(xué)習(xí)書(shū)本知識(shí)向?qū)嶋H操作過(guò)渡的一個(gè)重要階段,目的在于培養(yǎng)我們獨(dú)立思考、動(dòng)手以及解決問(wèn)題的能力。從選定的課題入手,首先要仔細(xì)分析產(chǎn)品零件圖,只有對(duì)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、材料性能有了透徹的了解,才能進(jìn)行初步設(shè)計(jì),并逐層展開(kāi)。最重要的我們能夠獨(dú)立思考與設(shè)計(jì),在老師的指導(dǎo)與工具資料的幫助下,能夠有更多的創(chuàng)造、更多屬于自己的成果。四年中我們所學(xué)的一切專業(yè)知識(shí)都將在這里得到運(yùn)用,這將是我們踏上工作道路的最后一次演練,更是理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合的實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練。
文獻(xiàn)綜述
中國(guó)沖壓模具現(xiàn)狀
根據(jù)考古發(fā)現(xiàn),早在2000多年前,我國(guó)已有沖壓模具被用于制造銅器,證明了中國(guó)古代沖壓成型和沖壓模具方面的成就在世界領(lǐng)先。1953年,長(zhǎng)春第一汽車(chē)制造廠在中國(guó)首次建立了沖模車(chē)間,該廠于1958年開(kāi)始制造汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具。我國(guó)于20世紀(jì)60年代開(kāi)始生產(chǎn)精沖模具。在走過(guò)了漫長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展道路之后,目前我國(guó)已形成了300多億元(未包括港、澳、臺(tái)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字,下同。)各類沖壓模具的生產(chǎn)能力。
近年來(lái),我國(guó)沖壓模具水平已有很大提高。大型沖壓模具已能生產(chǎn)單套重量達(dá)50多噸的模具。為中檔轎車(chē)配套的覆蓋件模具國(guó)內(nèi)也能生產(chǎn)了。精度達(dá)到1~2μm,壽命2億次左右的多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模國(guó)內(nèi)已有多家企業(yè)能夠生產(chǎn)。表面粗糙度達(dá)到Ra≦1.5μm的精沖模,大尺寸(Φ≧300mm)精沖模及中厚板精沖模國(guó)內(nèi)也已達(dá)到相當(dāng)高的水平。
1.1 模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)狀況
我國(guó)模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)的發(fā)展已有20多年歷史。由原華中工學(xué)院和武漢733廠于1984年共同完成的精沖模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)是我國(guó)第一個(gè)自行開(kāi)發(fā)的模具CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)。由華中工學(xué)院和北京模具廠等于1986年共同完成的冷沖模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)是我國(guó)自行開(kāi)發(fā)的第一個(gè)沖裁模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)。上海交通大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的冷沖模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)也于同年完成。20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)汽車(chē)行業(yè)的模具設(shè)計(jì)制造中開(kāi)始采用CAD/CAM技術(shù)。國(guó)家科委863計(jì)劃將東風(fēng)汽車(chē)公司作為CIMS應(yīng)用示范工廠,由華中理工大學(xué)作為技術(shù)依托單位,開(kāi)發(fā)的汽車(chē)車(chē)身與覆蓋件模具CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系統(tǒng)于1996年初通過(guò)鑒定。在此期間,一汽和成飛汽車(chē)模具中心引進(jìn)了工作站和CAD/CAM軟件系統(tǒng),并在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造中實(shí)際應(yīng)用,取得了顯著效益。1997年一汽引進(jìn)了板料成型過(guò)程計(jì)算機(jī)模擬CAE軟件并開(kāi)始用于生產(chǎn)。
模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)能顯著縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造周期,降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,已成為人們的共識(shí)。在“八五”、“九五”期間,已有一大批模具企業(yè)推廣普及了計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖技術(shù),數(shù)控加工的使用率也越來(lái)越高,并陸續(xù)引進(jìn)了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)。如美國(guó)EDS的UG,美國(guó)Parametric Technology公司的Pro/Engineer,美國(guó)CV公司的CADS5,英國(guó)DELCAM公司的DOCT5,日本HZS公司的CRADE及space-E,以色列公司的Cimatron,還引進(jìn)了AutoCAD、CATIA等軟件及法國(guó)Marta-Daravision公司用于汽車(chē)及覆蓋件模具的Euclid-IS等專用軟件。國(guó)內(nèi)汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)普遍采用了CAD/CAM技術(shù)。DL圖的設(shè)計(jì)和模具結(jié)構(gòu)圖的設(shè)計(jì)均已實(shí)現(xiàn)二維CAD,多數(shù)企業(yè)已經(jīng)向三
文獻(xiàn)綜述
維過(guò)渡,總圖生產(chǎn)逐步代替零件圖生產(chǎn)。且模具的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)也開(kāi)始走向少數(shù)模具廠家
技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)的領(lǐng)域。在沖壓成型CAE軟件方面,除了引進(jìn)的軟件外,華中科技大學(xué)、吉林大學(xué)、湖南大學(xué)等都已研發(fā)了較高水平的具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的軟件,并已在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中得到成功應(yīng)用,產(chǎn)生了良好的效益。
快速原型(RP)與傳統(tǒng)的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具相結(jié)合,快速制造大型汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具,解決了原來(lái)低熔點(diǎn)合金模具靠樣件澆鑄模具,模具精度低、制件精度低,樣件制作難等問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)了以三維CAD模型作為制模依據(jù)的快速模具制造,并且保證了制件的精度,為汽車(chē)行業(yè)新車(chē)型的開(kāi)發(fā)、車(chē)身快速試制提供了覆蓋件制作的保證,它標(biāo)志著RPM應(yīng)用于汽車(chē)車(chē)身大型覆蓋件試制模具已取得了成功。
? 圍繞著汽車(chē)車(chē)身試制、大型覆蓋件模具的快速制造,近年來(lái)也涌現(xiàn)出一些新的快速成型方法,例如目前已開(kāi)始在生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用的無(wú)模多點(diǎn)成型及激光沖擊和電磁成型等技術(shù)。它們都表現(xiàn)出了降低成本、提高效率等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
1.1.1 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造能力狀況
?? 在國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的正確引導(dǎo)下,經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年努力,現(xiàn)在我國(guó)沖壓模具的設(shè)計(jì)與制造能力已達(dá)到較高水平,包括信息工程和虛擬技術(shù)等許多現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)已在很多模具企業(yè)得到應(yīng)用。
? 雖然如此,我國(guó)的沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)制造能力與市場(chǎng)需要和國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平相比仍有較大差距。這些主要表現(xiàn)在高檔轎車(chē)和大中型汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具及高精度沖模方面,無(wú)論在設(shè)計(jì)還是加工工藝和能力方面,都有較大差距。轎車(chē)覆蓋件模具,具有設(shè)計(jì)和制造難度大,質(zhì)量和精度要求高的特點(diǎn),可代表覆蓋件模具的水平。雖然在設(shè)計(jì)制造方法和手段方面已基本達(dá)到了國(guó)際水平,模具結(jié)構(gòu)功能方面也接近國(guó)際水平,在轎車(chē)模具國(guó)產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程中前進(jìn)了一大步,但在制造質(zhì)量、精度、制造周期等方面,與國(guó)外相比還存在一定的差距。 ?
標(biāo)志沖模技術(shù)先進(jìn)水平的多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和多功能模具,是我國(guó)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的精密模具品種。有代表性的是集機(jī)電一體化的鐵芯精密自動(dòng)閥片多功能模具,已基本達(dá)到國(guó)際水平。但總體上和國(guó)外多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模相比,在制造精度、使用壽命、模具結(jié)構(gòu)和功能上,仍存在一定差距。
汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具制造技術(shù)正在不斷地提高和完善,高精度、高效益加工設(shè)備的使用越來(lái)越廣泛。高性能的五軸高速銑床和三軸的高速銑床的應(yīng)用已越來(lái)越多。NC、DNC技術(shù)的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越成熟,可以進(jìn)行傾角加工和超精加工。這些都提高了模具型面加工精度,提高了模具的質(zhì)量,縮短了模具的制造周期。
模具表面強(qiáng)化技術(shù)也得到廣泛應(yīng)用。工藝成熟、無(wú)污染、成本適中的離子滲氮技術(shù)越來(lái)越被認(rèn)可,碳化物被覆處理(TD處理)及許多鍍(涂)層技術(shù)在沖壓模具上的應(yīng)用日益增多。真空處理技術(shù)、實(shí)型鑄造技術(shù)、刃口堆焊技術(shù)等日趨成熟。激光切割和激光焊接技術(shù)也得到了應(yīng)用。
1.2 沖壓模具的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)與展望
? 發(fā)展重點(diǎn)的選取應(yīng)根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需求、發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和目前狀況來(lái)確定??煞譃楫a(chǎn)品重點(diǎn)、技術(shù)重點(diǎn)兩個(gè)方面來(lái)研究。
1.2.1沖壓模具產(chǎn)品發(fā)展重點(diǎn)。
? 沖壓模具共有7小類,并有一些按其服務(wù)對(duì)象來(lái)稱呼的一些種類。目前急需發(fā)展的是汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具,多功能、多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和精沖模。這些模具現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)需矛盾大,發(fā)展前景好。
汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具中發(fā)展重點(diǎn)是技術(shù)要求高的中高檔轎車(chē)大中型覆蓋件模具,尤其是外覆蓋件模具。高強(qiáng)度板和不等厚板的沖壓模具及大型多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模、連續(xù)模今后將會(huì)有較快的發(fā)展。多功能、多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模中發(fā)展重點(diǎn)是高精度、高效率和大型、高壽命的級(jí)進(jìn)模。精沖模中發(fā)展重點(diǎn)是厚板精沖模大型精沖模,并不斷提高其精度
1.2.2 沖壓模具技術(shù)發(fā)展重點(diǎn)。
模具技術(shù)未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要是朝信息化、高速化生產(chǎn)與高精度化發(fā)展。因此從設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)來(lái)說(shuō),發(fā)展重點(diǎn)在于大力推廣CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,并持續(xù)提高效率,特別是板材成型過(guò)程的計(jì)算機(jī)模擬分析技術(shù)。模具CAD、CAM技術(shù)應(yīng)向宜人化、集成化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展,并提高模具CAD、CAM系統(tǒng)專用化程度。
為了提高CAD、CAE、CAM技術(shù)的應(yīng)用水平,建立完整的模具資料庫(kù)及開(kāi)發(fā)專家系統(tǒng)和提高軟件的實(shí)用性十分重要。從加工技術(shù)來(lái)說(shuō),發(fā)展重點(diǎn)在于高速加工和高精度
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加工。高速加工目前主要是發(fā)展高速銑削、高速研拋和高速電加工及快速制模技術(shù)。高精度加工目前主要是發(fā)展模具零件精度1μm以下和表面粗糙度Ra≦0.1μm的各種精密加工。提高模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度,搞好模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)也是沖壓模具技術(shù)發(fā)展重點(diǎn)之一。為了提高沖壓模具的壽命,模具表面的各種強(qiáng)化超硬處理等技術(shù)也是發(fā)展重點(diǎn)。 對(duì)于模具數(shù)字化制造、系統(tǒng)集成、逆向工程、快速原型/模具制造及計(jì)算機(jī)輔助應(yīng)用技術(shù)等方面形成全方位解決方案,提供模具開(kāi)發(fā)與工程服務(wù),全面提高企業(yè)水平和模具質(zhì)量,這更是沖壓模具技術(shù)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)。
1.3中國(guó)沖壓模具發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際模具市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,以及未來(lái)我國(guó)的模具行業(yè)做出調(diào)整后,將呈現(xiàn)出十大發(fā)展趨勢(shì):一是模具日趨大型化;二是模具的精度將越來(lái)越高;三是多功能復(fù)合模具將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展;四是熱流道模具在塑料模具中的比重將逐漸提高;五是氣輔模具及適應(yīng)高壓注射成型等工藝的模具將有較大發(fā)展;六是模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用將日漸廣泛;七是快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具的前景十分廣闊;八是壓鑄模具的比例將不斷提高;九是塑料模具的比例將不斷增大;十是模具技術(shù)含量將不斷提高,中高檔模具比例將不斷增大。這就是我國(guó)模具行業(yè)未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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研究?jī)?nèi)容
1.設(shè)計(jì)、研究思路
本次設(shè)計(jì)按照工藝分析——工藝方案確定——模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的思路進(jìn)行。
2.課題研究的主要內(nèi)容
該零件的材料為08鋼,為極軟的碳素鋼,強(qiáng)度、硬度很低,而韌性和塑性極高,具有良好的深沖、拉延、彎曲和鐓粗等冷加工性能、焊接性能。且該零件形狀簡(jiǎn)單,彎曲半徑大于材料允許的最小彎曲半徑,可以考慮采用復(fù)合沖壓的形式。該零件尺寸較小,因此加工精度較高,但一般沖壓都能滿足其尺寸精度的要求。綜合以上分析,得出的結(jié)論是:該零件工藝性能較好,適于沖壓。壓蓋零件圖如圖2所示:
圖2 空調(diào)導(dǎo)流板的零件圖
1)方案對(duì)比
該工件包括拉深、沖孔、翻邊邊、落料四個(gè)基本工序可以采用以下三種工藝方案:
方案一:先沖孔,再?gòu)澢?,后落料。單工序模生產(chǎn)。
方案二:沖孔-彎曲-落料級(jí)進(jìn)沖壓。級(jí)進(jìn)模生產(chǎn)。
方案三:落料-彎曲-沖孔復(fù)合模沖壓。復(fù)合模生產(chǎn)。
2)方案分析
方案一模具結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,制造周期短,制造簡(jiǎn)單,但需要兩副模具,成本高而生產(chǎn)效率低,難以滿足大批量生產(chǎn)的要求。
方案二只需一副模具,生產(chǎn)效率高,操作方便,精度也能滿足要求,模具制造工作量和成本比較高。適合大批量生產(chǎn)。
方案三只需一副模具,制件精度和生產(chǎn)效率都較高,且工件最小壁厚大于凸凹模許用最小壁厚模具強(qiáng)度也能滿足要求。沖裁件的內(nèi)孔與邊緣的相對(duì)位置精度較高,板料的定位精度比方案三低,模具輪廓尺寸較小。
通過(guò)對(duì)上述三種方案的分析比較,該工件的沖壓生產(chǎn)采用方案二最佳
研究?jī)?nèi)容
3.解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題
本課題采用UG進(jìn)行三維造型,用AutoCAD進(jìn)行二維繪圖,通過(guò)對(duì)零件結(jié)構(gòu)、尺寸、材料性能的深入了解,確定了初步的工藝方案,通過(guò)計(jì)算得出該零件只需一次拉深,并考慮到翻邊帶來(lái)的影響,決定了不同位置的孔的沖裁順序,由此確定了完整的工藝方案。在零件結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計(jì)中,由產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)決定了凸模、凹模、固定板墊板等零件形狀均采用圓形,模架采用四角導(dǎo)柱模架。
4.預(yù)期成果
(1)產(chǎn)品零件二維圖、三維造型圖;
(2)開(kāi)題報(bào)告一份;(畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容和意義、文獻(xiàn)綜述、研究?jī)?nèi)容、研究計(jì)劃、特色與創(chuàng)新)
(3)模具裝配圖及各零件圖;
(4)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份及光盤(pán)。
研究計(jì)劃
第1-2周 1、熟悉課題,查閱并收集有關(guān)資料,為寫(xiě)開(kāi)題報(bào)告做準(zhǔn)備;
2、繪制產(chǎn)品零件圖;
3、完成工藝性分析,提出設(shè)計(jì)方案;
第3-6周 1、寫(xiě)出開(kāi)題報(bào)告初稿;
2、完成工藝計(jì)算;
3、完成模具零件結(jié)構(gòu)形式確定及設(shè)計(jì),選擇設(shè)備;
第7-8周 1、第4周完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告的最后定稿;
2、繪制模具草圖;
第9-12周 繪制模具裝配圖及各設(shè)計(jì)件零件圖
第13-15周 編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū),打印并準(zhǔn)備答辯
第16周 打印畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)資料并準(zhǔn)備答辯
特色與創(chuàng)新
模具設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)用了大量的二維繪圖軟件,使產(chǎn)品更具直觀性,便于設(shè)計(jì)和制造。由產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、尺寸及材料性能確定了工藝方案。
指導(dǎo)教師
意 見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名:
2012年3月2 日
教研室
意 見(jiàn)
主任簽名:
2012年3月5 日
學(xué)院意見(jiàn)
教學(xué)院長(zhǎng)簽名:
2012年3月5日