高中英語 Unit 3 Understanding each other Grammar and usage課件 牛津版選修6

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1、Unit 3Understandingeach otherGrammar and usage To learn to identify an unreal conditional in a sentenceTo learn the forms of unreal conditionalsTo learn when to use the unreal conditionalsTo learn how to use the unreal conditionals Unreal conditionals虛 擬 語 氣And you probably much sleep if you near wh

2、ere a wedding reception was being held.如 果 你 住 的 地 方 離 婚 禮 現(xiàn) 場 不 遠(yuǎn) ， 你 很可 能 睡 不 好 。 wouldntgetlived Unreal conditionals虛 擬 語 氣 語 氣 （ mood） 也 是 動 詞 的 一 種 形式 變 化 。 它 表 示 說 話 者 對 所 指 的 動 詞或 狀 態(tài) 所 持 的 態(tài) 度 ， 而 且 ， 在 謂 語 動詞 上 有 所 體 現(xiàn) ， 語 氣 可 分 為 三 種 ： 陳述 語 氣 、 祈 使 語 氣 和 虛 擬 語 氣 。 Introduction 虛 擬 語 氣 (the

3、 Subjunctive Mood)是 用 來 表 示 說 話 人 所 說 的 話 不 是 事實(shí) ， 而 是 主 觀 愿 望 、 假 使 、 建 議 、推 測 、 純 粹 的 空 想 等 。 例 1：These doggies are sleeping very soundly. （ 陳 述 語 氣 ） 例 2：Stop laughing!（ 祈 使 語 氣 ） If you keep beating me like this, I would tell your teacher.例 3： （ 虛 擬 語 氣 ） 虛 擬 語 氣 可 用 于 條 件 句 和 其 它一 些 從 句 中 。 虛 擬

4、 語 氣 用 于 條 件 句 中的 情 況 較 復(fù) 雜 , 所 以 要 特 別 加 以 注 意 。首 先 ， 要 判 斷 一 下 是 否 該 用 虛 擬 語 氣 , 因 為 條 件 句 有 兩 種 , 一 種 是 真 實(shí) 條 件句 , 一 種 是 非 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 , 只 有 在 非真 實(shí) 條 件 句 中 才 用 虛 擬 語 氣 , 在 真 實(shí)條 件 句 中 , 要 用 陳 述 語 氣 。 If my aunt comes this afternoon, she will bring me some gifts. 如 果 姨 媽 下 午 來 ， 她 會 給 我 帶 禮 物 的 。1. 真

5、 實(shí) 條 件 句 : If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday. 假 如 他 今 天 離 開 ， 他 周 五 將 到 那 兒 。If I were you, I would go to look forhim. 如 果 我 是 你 ， 就 會 去 找 他 。2. 非 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 : 如 果 條 件 句 假 設(shè) 的 情 況 完 全 不 存在 或 者 實(shí) 現(xiàn) 的 可 能 性 很 小 ,甚 至 可 以 說幾 乎 沒 有 時 , 就 需 要 用 虛 擬 語 氣 來 表達(dá) , 也 就 是 說 ,此 時 的 條 件 句 是 非

6、真 實(shí)條 件 句 。非 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 的 謂 語 動 詞 形 式 ： 與 現(xiàn) 在 事 實(shí) 相 反 的 條 件 句 的 結(jié) 構(gòu) ：條 件 句 ： 過 去 時 （ be動 詞 用 were）主 句 ： would/could/might+動 詞 原 形If I were you, I should/would go at once.If I got the chance, I would want to be a lawyer.例 如 ： 注 意 : 在 非 正 式 表 述 或 口 語 中 ， if I/he/she/it之 后 , 可 用 was代 替 were。 兩 者在 意 義 上 沒

7、 有 區(qū) 別 ， 但 是 were更 為 正式 ， 特 別 是 在 表 述 心 存 懷 疑 的 事 情 時 ：If Lucy were ready, we would start.假 如 露 西 準(zhǔn) 備 好 了 ， 我 們 就 出 發(fā) 。 與 過 去 事 實(shí) 相 反 的 條 件 句 的 結(jié) 構(gòu) ：If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.If the boy had got up earlier, he would have caught the bus.條 件 句 ： 過 去 完 成 時 had done主 句

8、 ： would/could/might +have done 與 將 來 事 實(shí) 相 反 的 條 件 句 的 結(jié) 構(gòu) ：條 件 句 ： Ifwas/were/did主 句 ： would/could/might doIf it were sunny tomorrow, we would go camping.If I were free next Sunday, I would certainly go to your party. 注 意 : 在 與 將 來 事 實(shí) 可 能 相 反 的 條 件 句中 ,謂 語 動 詞 還 可 用 were to 或 should +do來 表 示 ,如 :

9、If I were to fail my driving test, I would have to take it again next month.If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it. 從 if 從 句 的 動詞 形 態(tài) 來 看 ， 使用 虛 擬 語 氣 的 條件 句 在 時 態(tài) 方 面比 起 真 實(shí) 條 件 句中 的 時 態(tài) 要 向 后退 讓 一 步 。要 點(diǎn) 領(lǐng) 會 ： 比 較 1：一 般 現(xiàn) 在 vs.一 般 過 去 （ be動 詞 多 采 用were的 形 式 ）If he is at home now,

10、 he is sure to be surfing the Internet. （ 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 ）If he were at home now, he would be surfing the Internet. （ 虛 擬 條 件 句 ） 比 較 2：現(xiàn) 在 完 成 vs.過 去 完 成If he has finished his homework now, he is sure to be surfing the Internet. （ 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 ）If he had finished his homework now, he would be surfing the I

11、nternet. （ 虛 擬 條 件 句 ） 比 較 ：過 去 vs.過 去 完 成If he bought the book yesterday, he had no money left for lunch. （ 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 ）If he had bought the book yesterday, he would have had no money left for lunch. （ 虛 擬 條 件 句 ） 主 句 的 謂 語 由 具過 去 式 形 態(tài) 的 情 態(tài) 動詞 如 would、 could、should 等 加 上 動 詞 原形 （ 對 現(xiàn) 在 和 將 來 的虛 擬

12、） 及 完 成 形 （ 對過 去 的 虛 擬 ） 構(gòu) 成 。要 點(diǎn) 領(lǐng) 會 ： If they knew each other, they would be talking now. （ 現(xiàn) 在 ）If they had got lost last night, they would have been caught by the storm. （ 過 去 ）If they should lend us a hand, we would finish the task earlier. （ 將 來 ） PracticeRead the dialogue on page 40 and fill

13、in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. 非 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 的 省 略 與 倒 裝 ： 在 非 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 中 ,如 果 有 were, had, should, 我 們 可 以 將 if省 略 ,把 這 些詞 置 于 從 句 的 句 首 , 形 成 倒 裝 ,如 :If I should meet her, I would tell her. = Should I meet her, I would tell her. If I were in your position, I would do i

14、t better. = Were I in your position, I would do it better. If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded. =Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded. 如 果 虛 擬 條 件 句 中 沒 有 were, had和 should則 不 能 省 略 if,當(dāng) 然 也 不能 倒 裝 。注 意 ： Practice 1. Were it not for the snowy weather, we _ all r

15、ight now. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able AA 3._today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 4.

16、If it _this afternoon, the English party would be ruined. A. rains B. rained C. will rain D. was rainingC B 5. If you had rung us yesterday, we would_ you that the meeting had been put off. A. tell B. have told C. had told D. be tellingB 混 合 虛 擬 條 件 句 非 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 中 , 有 時 主 句 謂 語動 詞 所 表 示 的 動 作 和 條 件

17、 從 句 中 謂 語動 詞 所 表 示 的 動 作 并 不 同 時 發(fā) 生 , 此時 謂 語 動 詞 的 形 式 要 按 照 各 自 的 時 間來 調(diào) 整 ,而 不 完 全 按 照 上 述 規(guī) 則 來 進(jìn)行 ,這 樣 的 句 子 叫 混 合 虛 擬 條 件 句 。 例 如 :If you had followed the teachers advice, then you would have no difficulty now.假 如 你 聽 從 了 老 師 的 勸 告 ， 那 你 現(xiàn) 在 就 不 會 有困 難 了 。If I hadnt finished my homework by no

18、w, I would be working on it tomorrow. 如 果 我 到 現(xiàn) 在 還 沒 完 成 家 庭 作 業(yè) ,那 明 天我 還 得 做 。 If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday, he wouldnt have so many difficulties now. 假 如 他 昨 天 好 好 地 準(zhǔn) 備 功 課 的 話 ， 他現(xiàn) 在 就 不 會 有 這 么 多 的 困 難 。If it had rained last night (過 去 ), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn) 在

19、).如 果 昨 天 下 雨 ， 今 天 就 會 很 冷 。 例 如 ： I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week. -該 句 前 半 部 分 是 假 設(shè) 虛 擬 ， 后 半部 分 是 事 實(shí) 的 陳 述 。 混 合 虛 擬 語 氣 還 有 一 種 情 況 , 就是 事 實(shí) 和 虛 擬 假 設(shè) 的 混 合 句 。注 意 ： Answers (P40)(1) attended (2) would

20、/might be(3) went (4) would/might see(5) did (6) would/could be(7) travelled (8) would have to take(9) had started (10) would not have neededAnswers (P41)(1) had been (2) Had; got(3) Had; had / If; had had(4) Would; have been Reflection timeFill in the table.Tense If-clauses Main clausesPresent Past

21、Future Ifwas/were/did would/should/could/might doIfhad/been/done would/should/couldmight have doneIfwas/were/did/were to/should do would/should/could/might do 1. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might yo

22、u be2. _ you have any questions, please contact our customer service hotline. A. Should B. Would C. Could D. MightI. Multiple choice. BA 3. Every time I go out, I will take lots of money _ something unexpected should happen. A. otherwise B. therefore C. however D. in caseD 4. Imagine what todays lif

23、e would be like if Alexander Bell _the telephone more than 130 years ago. A. didnt invent B. wouldnt invent C. hadnt invented D. wouldnt have inventedC 5. If some measures _to ensure the safety of the school, more students _ in the earthquake then. A. were taken; would survive B. had been taken; did

24、nt survive C. had been taken; would have survived D. were taken; would surviveC 6. If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not7. _he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the game. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When CA 8

25、. If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. would have succeeded C. had succeeded D. should succeed 9. If the company failed to make more money next month, it _close down. A. must B. have to C. would D. ought to BC 1. I _through that bitter period without your generous help. (陜 西 ) A. cou

26、ldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone2. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (全 國 ) A. will B. can C. must D. should 3. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late. (北 京 ) A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt b

27、e D. wouldnt have been 4. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (北 京 ) A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 1. 要 是 你 準(zhǔn) 備 功 課 再 仔 細(xì) 一 點(diǎn) 的 話 ,你 就 能通 過 考 試 了 。 If you had prepared your lessons more carefully, you could have passed the

28、exam.2. 要 是 那 場 颶 風(fēng) 發(fā) 生 在 晚 上 的 話 ,將 會 有 更多 的 人 死 亡 。 If that hurricane had happened at night, there would have been more deaths.II: Translation. 3.It is essential that _ _ (每 個 人 都 為 緊 急 情 況 做 好 準(zhǔn) 備 ).4._ _ (如 果 他 按 照 我 告 訴 他 的 辦 法 訂 票 ), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.5.I might have

29、 made the speech _ _ (要 不 是 有 人 把 我 的 話 打 斷 了 ). everyone (should) be prepared for emergencyIf he had booked tickets in the way I told him if I had not been interrupted 1. You didnt let me drive. If we _ (drive) in turn, you _ (not get) so tired.2. _ it _(not be) for your help, I couldnt have made a

30、ny progress.had drivenwouldnt have gotHad not beenQuiz III: Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms. 3. Has Mr Smith recovered now? Yes. Who _ (think) that such a serious illness could be cured?4. _ it _ (rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off. would have

31、 thoughtWere / Should to rain / rain 5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it _ _ (organize) better.6. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ (get) a job, she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. could h

32、ave been/ should get / gotwere to getorganized 7. Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _ (invent) before.8. Well done, Jack！ Thanks. But given more time, I _ (do) it better.had been inventedcould / would / might have done Magic LanternMagic BrushTime MachineDiscussion:What would you do if you had a ? Homework1. Practise using what we have learnt in this period.2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.3. Preview Task.