《形容詞副詞介詞》PPT課件

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1、1 Grammatical issues (3) Presented by Lu Xin 2 A host of childish of combination of this type are used in ordinary conversation, such as fill up, fill in, fix up, melt down, melt up The fact that up and down can be used without changing the meaning indicates that the preposition has lost its signifi

2、cance; indeed, much of this is baby talk, entirely unsuited to technical matters; it should be shunned in serious writing. -Rickard 3 Grammatical issues Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions 4 Adjectives 形容詞 定 義 分 類 形 容 詞 的 排 列 順 序 形 容 詞 和 副 詞 的 比 較 級 最 高 級 非 等 級 形 容 詞 的 用 法 與 特 點 5 Adjective

3、s 形容詞 定 義 ： 形 容 詞 是 用 來 描 寫 或 修 飾 名 詞 的 一 類 詞 ， 多 數 形 容 詞具 有 比 較 的 語 法 特 征 。 形 容 詞 的 位 置 一 般 在 其 所 修 飾的 名 詞 之 前 。 分 類 ： 1） 性 質 形 容 詞 ： hot, quick 2） 敘 述 形 容 詞 ： 6 2） 敘 述 形 容 詞 ：A 某 些 以 a-開 頭 的 形 容 詞 ： afraid alive alone ashamed asleep awake Don t be afraid. Now the baby is asleep. 。 He was alone in

4、the house. Notice:若 要 用 作 定 語 且 具 有 以 上 意 義 ， 可 改 用 其 他 誤 ： an asleep child, an ashamed girl, an alive poet 正 ： a sleeping child, a shy girl, a living poetB.某 些 表 示 健 康 的 形 容 詞 ： fine ill well He was ill and couldn t come. 7 C.某 些 描 述 感 覺 或 心 情 的 形 容 詞 ：glad pleased sorry I m glad to hear that. You

5、will be sorry about this later. We are very pleased with the plan. D.其 他 表 語 形 容 詞 ：certain sure fond ready unableI m certain sure he will come. He is fond of music. We are ready to do it. 8 形 容 詞 的 排 列 順 序 限 定 詞 -性 質 -形 狀 -顏 色 -來 源 -材 料 -基 本 特 征 和 用 途 -n“ 限 冠 形 齡 色 國 材 ” e.g. A very pretty purple s

6、ilk dress e.g.Those beautiful large square old brown wood tables e.g. Radio, television and press _ of conveying news as information. A) are the most three common means B) are most three common means C) are the three most common means D) are three the most common means. 9 形 容 詞 的 比 較 級 最 高 級1 比 較 級

7、與 最 高 級 的 形 式 變 化1） 規(guī) 則 變 化 tall, taller, tallest nice, nicer, nicest big, bigger, biggest busy, busier, busiest clever, cleverer, cleverest important, more important, most important 10 2） 不 規(guī) 則 變 化 good, better, best bad/ill, worse, worst old, older/elder, oldest/eldest much/many, more, most little

8、, less, least far, farther/further farthest /furthest 11 A as + 形 容 詞 或 副 詞 原 級 + as 1） 在 否 定 句 或 疑 問 句 中 可 用 so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2） as +形 容 詞 + a +單 數 名 詞 / as + many/much +名 詞 。This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can. 3） 用 表 示 倍 數 的 詞 或 其

9、 他 程 度 副 詞 做 修 飾 語 時 放 在 as前This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine. 12 4） 倍 數 + as + adj. + as 倍 數 + the + of：This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice t

10、he size of mine.Americans eat _ as they actually need every day.A twice as much protein B twice protein as much C twice protein as much D protein as twice muchAfter the new technique was introduced the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twiceB. C. twic

11、e as many D. twice many as 13 B 比 較 級 形 容 詞 或 副 詞 + than You are taller than I. The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. Notice:1） 要 避 免 重 復 使 用 比 較 級 。He is more cleverer than his brother. He is more clever than his brother. He is clever than his brother.2） 要 避 免 將 主 語 含 在 比 較 對 象 中

12、 。 China is larger than any country in Asia. China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 14 3） 要 注 意 對 應 句 型 ， 遵 循 前 后 一 致 的 原 則 。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4） 要 注 意 定 冠 詞 在 比 較 級 中 的 使 用 。比 較 ： Which is larger, Ca

13、nada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 15 C可 修 飾 比 較 級 的 詞 1） a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等 。2） 還 可 以 用 表 示 倍 數 的 詞 或 度 量 名 詞 作 修 飾

14、 語 。3） 以 上 詞 （ 除 by far） 外 ， 必 須 置 于 比 較 級 形 容 詞 或 副 詞 的 前面 。 - Are you feeling _? - Yes， Iam fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much If there were no examinations, we should have _ a

15、t school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 16 D the + 最 高 級 + 比 較 范 圍1） 形 容 詞 最 高 級 前 通 常 必 須 用 定 冠 詞 the， 副 詞 最 高 級前 可 不 用 。The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. Notice:形 容 詞 most前 面 沒 有 the， 不 表 示 最 高 級 的 含 義 ，只 表 示 非 常 。It is a most

16、 important problem. =It is a very important problem. Notice: 使 用 最 高 級 要 注 意 將 主 語 包 括 在 比 較 范 圍 內 。 Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 17 2） 修 飾 最 高 級 的 詞 ， by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest. Notice:a. very可 修 飾

17、 最 高 級 ， 但 位 置 與 much不 同 。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序 數 詞 通 常 只 修 飾 最 高 級 。Africa is the second largest continent. 18 3） 最 高 級 的 意 義 有 時 可 以 用 比 較 級 表 示 出 來 。Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4） 否 定 詞 語 +比 較

18、級 ， 否 定 詞 語 + so as結 構 也 可 以表 示 最 高 級 含 義 。Nothing is so easy as this. Nothing is easier than this.This is the easiest thing. 19 E和 more有 關 的 詞 組 ，1） the morethe more The harder you work， the greater progress you ll make. 2） more B than A=less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. Many of

19、them were _ inventors than scientists. A) less B) more C) more D) worse3） no more than/no less than The officials could see no more than the Emperor. He is no less diligent than you. 4） more than: She is more than kind to us all. 20 非 等 級 形 容 詞 的 用 法 與 特 點 1. 非 等 級 形 容 詞 的 主 要 特 點 是 ： 通 常 不 與 程 度 副

20、詞 連用 ， 而 且 通 常 也 不 用 于 比 較 級 和 最 高 級 ， atomic physics 2. 英 語 中 的 類 別 形 容 詞 (即 表 示 所 修 飾 名 詞 類 別 的 形 容詞 )通 常 都 是 非 等 級 形 容 詞 ： daily monthly yearly north east northern southern Chinese British male female electric medical 3. 等 級 形 容 詞 和 非 等 級 形 容 詞 的 劃 分 也 并 不 是 絕 對 ， He is very French. 。 He is more

21、English than the English. 21 Adverbs 副詞 定 義 ： 分 類 ： 幾 個 特 殊 副 詞 的 用 法 22 定 義 ： 副 詞 是 用 以 修 飾 動 詞 、 形 容 詞 、 其 他 副 詞 以 及全 句 的 詞 ， 表 示 時 間 、 地 點 、 程 度 、 方 式 等 概 念 。 分 類 ：1） 簡 單 副 詞 ： Just ， only, back Notice: 有 些 簡 單 副 詞 和 形 容 詞 同 形 ， a near relation to come near a fast car to drive fast a kindly smile

22、 to speak kindly a daily newspaper a daily published newspaper 2） 復 合 副 詞 ： somehow， somewhere , therefore 23 3)派 生 副 詞 : interesting-interestingly easy-easilyNoticeA某 些 以 -ly結 尾 的 詞 是 形 容 詞 而 不 是 副 詞 ： friendly， lively， lovely， lonely， likely， deadly，silly， orderly, timely B 兼 有 兩 種 形 式 的 副 詞 1)clo

23、se closely He is sitting close to me. vs. Watch him closely. 2)free freely You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 3)hard hardly; late , lately ;most ,mostly ;wide, widely high, highly; deep, deeply; near, nearly 24 幾 個 特 殊 副 詞 的 用 法 ：(1) enough,

24、 too (A) enough放 在 形 容 詞 和 副 詞 后 ; too放 在 前 面 。 She s old enough to do some work. She s too old to do any work. (B) too.to, enough to + 動 詞 I am too poor to afford such extravagance You are rich enough to keep a maid 25 (2) very, much,(A)very修 飾 形 容 詞 ， 副 詞 ； much (或 very much)修 飾 動詞 。 He spoke very

25、 carefully. It is much talked about these days.(B)Very修 飾 原 級 形 容 詞 及 副 詞 ； much修 飾 比 較 級 ， 最 高級 的 形 容 詞 及 副 詞 Your work is very good. This is much better. This is much (by far) the best. 26 (3) already, yet, still,(A)Already vs. Yet I already like him. He can t drive yet. Have you already seen him?

26、 (B)Still I still like him. Notice： Still放 在 動 詞 前 后 ， 有 時 句 意 不 同 。 He is still standing. (continue to stand) He is standing still. (= standing motionless) 27 Prepositions介詞 介 詞 的 定 義 介 詞 的 分 類 介 詞 的 用 法 28 介 詞 的 用 法1. 名 詞 介 詞 acquaintance with attention to contribution to objection to sympathy wit

27、h It is useful to be able to predict the extent which a price change will affect supply and demand. A) from B) with C) to D) for 29 2. 形 容 詞 + 介 詞 attitude to/towards absent from afraid of clever at faithful to guilty of opposite to popular with keen on By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _children

28、 as Coca-Cola. A) for B) in C) to D) with Cancer is second only _ heart disease as a cause of death. A) of B) to C) with D) from 30 3. 動 詞 介 詞 account for aim at begin with depart from lead to persist in He will agree to do what you require _ him. A) of C) to B) from D) for 31 4. 介 詞 + 名 詞 at hand b

29、y accident beyond doubt in addition for the moment from time to time with the purpose of by accident I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A) in B) to C) at D) on The survival of civilization as we know is _ threat. A) within B) under C) towards D) upon Finding a job in such

30、a big company has always been _ his wildest dreams. A) under B) over C) above D) beyond 32 5. 復 合 介 詞 according to along with because of by means of in accordance with owing to together with with regard to as for as to（ 至 于 ） in view of for the sake of on account of Every man in this country has the

31、 right to live where he wants to _ the color of his skin A) with the exception of B) in the light of C) by virtue of D) regardless of 33 6常 用 的 短 語 介 詞 My father seemed to be in no _ to look at my school report. A) mood B) emotion C) attitude D) feeling Will all those _ the proposal raise their hand

32、s? A) in relation to B) in excess of C) in contrast to D) in favor of _ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world. A) On B) By C) At D) Of 34 Conjunctions連詞 定 義 分 類 連 詞 的 用 法 ： 并 列 連 詞 的 用 法 從 屬 連 詞 的 用 法 35 并 列 連 詞 的 用 法1. 表 示 轉 折 關 系 的 并 列 連 詞 。 這 類 連 詞 主 要

33、 有 but, yet 等 。Someone borrowed my pen, but I don t remember who. 。He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn t help us. 2. 表 示 因 果 關 系 的 并 列 連 詞 ， for, soThe child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors.

34、 36 3. 表 示 并 列 關 系 的 并 列 連 詞 。 這 類 連 詞 主 要 有 and , or , eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut (also) , bothand , as well as 等 。He didn t go and she didn t go either. The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. Both New York and London have traffic problems. It is important for you as well a

35、s for me. People who are either under age or over age may not join the army. 37 從 屬 連 詞 的 用 法1. 引 導 時 間 狀 語 從 句 的 從 屬 連 詞(1) 表 示 “ 當 時 候 ” ： when, while, as, whenever。 Don t talk while you re eating. Vegetables are best when they are fresh. He came just as I was leaving. (2) 表 示 “ 在 之 前 (或 之 后 )” ：

36、before, after。 Try to finish your work before you leave. After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass (3) 表 示 “ 自 從 ” 或 “ 直 到 ” ： since, until, till。 She s been playing tennis since she was eight. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 38 (4) 表 示 “ 一 就 ” ： as soon as, the moment, t

37、he minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen e.g. I ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. The moment I have finished I ll give you a call. Once you begin you must continue. (5) 表 示 “ 上 次 ” 、 “ 下 次 ” 、 “ 每 次 ” ： every time，each time， (the

38、) next time， any time， (the) last time，the first time I ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. You can call me any time you want to. 39 2. 引 導 條 件 狀 語 從 句 的 從 屬 連 詞 :if, unless, as so long as, in case 等 。 如 ： Do you mind if I open the w

39、indow? Don t come unless I telephone. As long as you re happy， it doesn t matter what you do. In case it rains they will stay at home. We should be able to do the job for you quickly ， _you give us all necessary information A in case B provided that C or else D as if 40 3. 引 導 目 的 狀 語 從 句 : in order

40、 that, in case, for fearTake your umbrella (just) in case it rains. She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 4. 引 導 結 果 狀 語 從 句 : so that, sothat, suchthat：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. H

41、e shut the window with such force that the glass broke. Does Alan like hamburgers？ Yes. So much _5_that he eats them almost every day. A. for B. as C. to D .so 41 5. 引 導 原 因 狀 語 從 句 的 從 屬 連 詞 :because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 。 As you are sorry Ill forgive you. Since

42、 we ve no money, we can t buy it. Seeing that he s ill he s unlikely to come. Now that she has apologized, I am content. 6. 引 導 讓 步 狀 語 從 句 的 從 屬 連 詞 : although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever。 Although they are twins, they look entirely different

43、. I like her even though she can be annoying. Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 42 7. 引 導 方 式 狀 語 從 句 的 從 屬 連 詞 :as, as if, as though, the way： Why didn t you catch the last bus as I told you to? He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. Nobody else loves you the way(=a

44、s) I do. 8. 引 導 地 點 狀 語 從 句 的 從 屬 連 詞 : where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. I ll take you anywhere you like. Everywhere I go I find the same thing. 43 9. 引 導 比 較 狀 語 從 句 的 從 屬 連 詞 : than; asas She was now happier than she had ever been

45、. I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. He doesn t work as hard as she does. 10. 引 導 名 詞 從 句 的 從 屬 連 詞 。 主 要 有 that, whether, if ，它 們 用 于 引 導 主 語 從 句 、 表 語 從 句 、 賓 語 從 句 和 同 位語 從 句 。 He replied that he was going by train. I wonder if it s large enough. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 44 If you have any questions: You can visit the website as below : 薄冰語法http:/ write to me: 45 That s all, Thank you!