2019-2020年高中英語 Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists練習 新人教版必修5.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語 Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists練習 新人教版必修5 Language Points of Warming and Reading characteristic 【課文原句】 characteristic 1)n..特征；特性 和藹是他的特性之一。Kindness is one of his characteristics. 2) adj.典型的，作為能突出人或者東西的特征的；獨特的 我聽到我朋友那有特色的笑聲。I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 常見搭配：be characteristic of 是……的特性 他就是這么遲鈍。Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 2．put forward 【課文原句】 put forward 1)提出（計劃，主意等）2）推薦，提名 3）（把時鐘指針）往前撥；將……提前 他提出一項計劃讓全體委員審議。He put forward a plan for the mittee to consider. as the candidate for the chairman of the mittee? 記住今晚把時鐘指針往前撥。Remember to put your clock forward tonight. 我們已把婚禮提前了一周。We’ve put the wedding forward by one week. 知識鏈接：put aside 把……放在一邊，把……擱置起來 put away把 ……收起來，儲蓄 put through 接通電話，完成put back 把……放回原處put down 放下，記下鎮(zhèn)壓 put up 舉起，建造，張貼 put off 推遲 put out熄滅 活學活用：The workers will go on strike if the demands they are turned down. A. put aside B. put through C. put forward D. put away 3．conclude vt.&vi.結(jié)束；得出結(jié)論；推斷出；斷定。 1）我們將以國歌結(jié)束我們的音樂會。We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem. 2）從證據(jù)來看我敢斷定你錯了。From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong. conclusion n.結(jié)論 e to /reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 4.expert 【課文原句】 expert 1) adj 內(nèi)行的；老練的；熟練的 常與at或 in連用 根據(jù)專家的建議 according to expert advice 熟練的騎手an expert driver 他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的飯菜。He is expert at/in cooking good cheap meals. expert 2)n. 專家，能手 常與at或 in/on連用 農(nóng)業(yè)/數(shù)學/心理學專家 an expert in agriculture/mathematics/psychology 凱特是個幼兒教育專家。Kate is an expert in /at/ on teaching small children. 5.attend vt.&vi. 1)照顧，照料，護理 ①除了Tina.，再無人照顧他了。There was no one to attend him but Tina. ②哪位護士在照顧你？Which nurse is attending to you? 2）參加，出席 昨天他沒有參加會議。He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday. 知識鏈接：attendance n.出席，參加 attendant n.侍者，服務(wù)員 attend to 處理，對付；照料attend school/church 去上學/ 做禮拜attend a meeting/ a lecture參加會議/聽演講 辨析：attend, join , join in與 take part in attend 出席，參加（會議、儀式、婚禮等），不強調(diào)參加者在活動中所起的作用。 join參加組織、團體，并成為其中一員；加入一群人，并和他們一起活動 join in參加（某活動），也可用在 join sb. in sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示加入某人一起做某事 take part in參加（某活動），并在其中起作用 活學活用：He told me that he had an important party to that night. A. attend B. join C. join in D .take part in 6．expose 【課文原句】 expose vt.1）使暴露；使面臨；使處于無遮蔽或不受保護的狀態(tài)；使受影響； 常見句型：expose sth./sb./oneself to sth 留在屋里，不要讓皮膚在太陽下暴曬。Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun. 使士兵冒不必要的危險expose soldiers to unnecessary risks 遭受批評/嘲笑 expose oneself to criticism/ ridicule 嬰兒被離棄在風雨之中。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain. 接觸英語達六年左右的學生a student who has been exposed to English for some six years 2）揭露，揭發(fā)；暴露；使曝光 ① 揭發(fā)陰謀/犯罪行為expose a plot/ crime ② 他說了那句不妥的話，暴露了他對此事的無知。That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject. 使一卷底片曝光expose a reel of film 7.challenge【課文原句】 Challenge 1)n. 挑戰(zhàn)，具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事物。常見結(jié)構(gòu)： face the challenge 遇到問題，面對挑戰(zhàn) accept a challenge接受挑戰(zhàn) issue/offer a challenge提出挑戰(zhàn) 他接到電視辯論的挑戰(zhàn)。He received a challenge to a TV debate.(常與to連用) 2）v.向挑戰(zhàn)……挑戰(zhàn)challenge sb.to sth.就某事向某人挑戰(zhàn) ①他們向我們提出開展友誼競賽。They challenge us to a friendly petition. ②他們的學校向我們學校挑戰(zhàn)，要進行足球比賽。Their school challenged ours to a football match. 8.control 【課文原句】 1) v.控制 ①政府試圖極力控制物價。The government tries its best to control prices. ②他無法控制自己的憤怒情緒。He cannot control his anger. 2) n.控制；統(tǒng)治；掌握 常用語下列短語：lose control of /be out of control of /go out of control of 對某事失去控制； in control of控制……； under the control of 被……控制著 司機未能控制好車，撞到樹上了。The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree. 布朗先生管理錢財。Mr. Brown is in control of the money. 這筆錢在布朗先生的掌控之下。This money is under the control of Mr. Brown.. 9.suggest 【課文原句】 1) .suggest作“暗示，表明，意味著”講時接的賓語從句用陳述語序。 她的口音表明她來自南方。Her accent suggested that she was from the South. 2）suggest作“建議”講時要接的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用(should)+動詞原形, should可以省略。 我建議我們?nèi)ド虾?。I suggested that we( should )go to Shanghai. 活學活用：What all the doctors in the hospital said suggested that he badly wounded and they suggested that he at once. A.should be; be operated on B.were; must be operated on C.were; should be operated on D.was ;be operated on 10.absorb 【課文原句】 absorb vt. 1)吸收 干土吸水快。Dry earth absorbs water quickly. 他們吸收了大量的羅馬文化。They absorbed a great deal of Roman culture. 2)吸引；使專心；使全神貫注 小姑娘正在全神貫注地閱讀一篇故事。The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 常見結(jié)構(gòu)： be absorbed in全神貫注于 absorb …from 從……中吸收be absorbed by 被……吞并；為……所吸收 absorb sb.’s attention引起某人的注意 For the next two hours she was the film, so she didn’t notice what happened around her. A. engaged in B.busy in C.absorbed in D. occupied with 11.severe 【課文原句】 Severe adj. 1)嚴重的；劇烈的；強烈的 激烈的競爭severe petition 嚴寒的天氣sever cold 劇痛severe pain 強風暴a severe storm 牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作a severe attack of toothache 2）嚴厲的；苛刻的；嚴格的 苛刻的主人a severe master 嚴父a severe father 嚴肅的神色severe look 嚴格的紀律a severe discipline 對孩子嚴厲be severe with one’s children 12. be to blame【課文原句】 be to blame“該受責備的，應(yīng)負責任 ”通常用主動形式表被動意義。 我們認為你不應(yīng)該受責備。We consider that you are not to blame. 拓展：blame 1）vt. 指責；歸咎于；歸因于。常見結(jié)構(gòu)： blame sb. for sth./doing sth責備某人（做了）某事 blame sth. on sb.把……歸咎于某人 他們把此次錯誤歸咎于喬治(George ).They blame George for the failure of the action./They blame the failure of the action on George. 2)vi. 常見結(jié)構(gòu)sb/sth is to blame for sth.某人（某事）應(yīng)負……的責任；……是……的起因 對造成此次歐洲最嚴重的失業(yè)，該政策應(yīng)負部分責任。The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment. 3)n. 責任；過失；責備。常見結(jié)構(gòu)： take the blame for 承擔……的責任 lay/put the blame for sth. on sb.把某事歸咎于某人 13.handle 【課文原句】 handle 1) n.柄，把手 門，杯子，抽屜的把手 a door/cup/drawer handle 2)v.處理，應(yīng)付，控制 ①我管不住孩子們。I can’t handle children. ②她巧妙地應(yīng)付了一場艱難的辯論。She handled a difficult argument skilfully.. 14.link 【課文原句】 .link 1) v. 連接 常與介詞to,together,with等連用，意為“把……連接以來” 這兩個城鎮(zhèn)有一條鐵路連接起來。A railway links the two towns together.=The two towns are linked by a railway.=This town is linked to/with that one by a railway. 2) n.連接，聯(lián)系，關(guān)系，環(huán) 吸煙和癌癥密切有關(guān)。There is a close link between smoking and lung cancer. 15.have sth. done【課文原句】 have sth. done常用于1）請/讓別人做某事 2）經(jīng)歷/遭遇（一些不好的事） 我們請了一位過路人給我們拍照。We had our photo taken by a passer-by.(=We had a passer-by take our photo.) 她在回家的路上錢包被偷了。She had her purse stolen on her way home. 區(qū)別：have sb. do.使某人做某事 have sb./sth. doing使某人或者某物一直處于某種狀態(tài)。 The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting. A. picked up B. picks up C .pick up D. picking up 16.announce 【課文原句】 Announce vt. 宣布，宣告；通報；預告 鮮艷的花朵和翠綠的樹木表明春天到了。The bright flowers and green trees announced that spring was here. 他們預告說不久寒流就要到來。They announced that a cold wave would e soon. 知識鏈接：announcement n.宣告；宣布 announcer宣布者，廣播員 It has been announced that…已宣布…… 17.defeat 【課文原句】 vt. 擊??；戰(zhàn)勝；挫敗 他三盤擊敗了冠軍。He defeated the champion in three sets. n.擊??；失敗 今年我們失敗過兩次。We had two defeats this year. 辨析：defeat/ beat/win defeat 和beat意義與用法相似，一般可以互換，兩者通常接表示人或團體的名詞或代詞作賓語。但beat側(cè)重于在比賽中擊敗對手，defeat既可在比賽中也可在戰(zhàn)場上擊敗對手。 我們終于戰(zhàn)勝了敵人。We defeated the enemy at last. 昨天下棋我贏了約翰。I beat/defeated John at chess yesterday. Win作及物動詞時，其后一般接game, war ,battle, prize等表示比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品等的名詞。 瑪麗在競賽中獲得一等獎。Mary won the first prize in the petition.