高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專題八 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt

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⊙怎么考 在語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)境中考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，側(cè)重作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。 ⊙怎么學(xué) 在平時(shí)閱讀、寫作練習(xí)中，認(rèn)真體會(huì)其基本用法，嘗試運(yùn)用。 ⊙怎么解 1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定設(shè)空處在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?如狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等)；2.搜索句子中相關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的恰當(dāng)形式。,Ⅰ.體驗(yàn)考向 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.(2015江蘇卷)Much time ________(spend)sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 2.(2015湖南卷)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________(wonder)whether to stay or leave. 3.(2015湖南卷)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________(talk)over what is bothering them.,4.(2015北京卷)________(catch)the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 5.(2015北京卷)The park was full of people，________(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine. 6.(2015北京卷)If ________(accept)for the job，youll be informed soon. 7.(2015浙江卷)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________(perform)live is quite another. 8.(2015重慶卷)________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.,答案 1.spent [句意：大部分時(shí)間坐在辦公桌旁，辦公室職員通常被健康問(wèn)題所困擾。time 與spend之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，另外該題實(shí)際考查了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。] 2.wondering [句意：當(dāng)?shù)陠T看到一張充滿善意的臉上掛著滿懷歉意的微笑時(shí)，她呆呆地站在原地，不知該走還是不走。wondering 是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞stood。] 3.to talk [句意：有時(shí)候我充當(dāng)同學(xué)們的傾訴對(duì)象，讓他們通過(guò)傾訴釋放心頭的煩心事。for sb to do sth是不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾a listening ear。],4.To catch [句意：為了趕上早班飛機(jī)，我們提前預(yù)定了出租車并且很早就起床了。此處用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示提前預(yù)定出租車并且早起的目的。] 5.enjoying [句意：公園里擠滿了人，他們?cè)陉?yáng)光下玩得很開心。people和enjoy之間是主謂關(guān)系，且非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。] 6.accepted [句意：如果錄用你做這份工作，你將會(huì)很快得到通知。句子的主語(yǔ)you和動(dòng)詞accept之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。],7.being performed [句意：在家聽音樂(lè)是一回事，去現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽音樂(lè)演奏是另外一回事。hear.doing.聽到……正在做……，此處賓語(yǔ)it與動(dòng)詞perform之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。] 8.Raised [句意：因?yàn)槭窃贕lasgow 最貧窮的地區(qū)被撫養(yǎng)大，成為一名足球明星，他走過(guò)了一段很長(zhǎng)很艱苦的路。分析句子成分可知此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，he和raise之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。],Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境感悟 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文，然后朗讀或背誦，體會(huì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。 A study __1__ (publish) in September suggests there is a __2__ (surprise) way to get people __3__ (avoid) unhealthy foods：change their memories.Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers __4__ (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences.“One week later，”Lotus says，“__5__ (feed) the people，we told them to,type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.”Some accounts included one key additional detail.__6__ (tell) that they had got sick after __7__ (eat) strawberry ice-cream，the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured(人為促成的) memory through __8__ (lead) questions—Who were you with？How did you feel？By the end of the study，up to 41% of those __9__ (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick，and many said theyd avoid __10__ (eat) it.,答案 1.published [過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成。] 2.surprising [現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行，此處表示“令人……的”。] 3.to avoid [此處get sb to do sth為固定搭配，表示讓某人做某事。] 4.to answer [此處動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。],5.Having fed [分詞的完成形式做狀語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作。] 6.Having been told [分詞完成形式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語(yǔ)。] 7.eating [介詞后用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做賓語(yǔ)。] 8.leading [同第7題解析。] 9.given [同第1題解析。] 10.eating [appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，avoid，risk，resist等只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。],Ⅲ.正反探究 1.【誤】 Having not finished his homework，he didnt want to go to bed. 【正】 Not having finished his homework，he didnt want to go to bed. 解析 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式中，not 必須放在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的最前面。 2.【誤】 She was the first person thinking of the idea. 【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea. 解析 當(dāng)序數(shù)詞所修飾的名詞帶定語(yǔ)時(shí)，此定語(yǔ)通常由不定式來(lái)充當(dāng)。,3.【誤】 The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【正】 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 解析 being discussed 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而根據(jù) at tomorrows meeting 可判斷動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)，故用 to be discussed 表示。 4.【誤】 This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 【正】 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 解析 作形式主語(yǔ)，代替動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式，只能用it。,5.【誤】 I could see the house having been beautifully decorated. 【正】 I could see the house beautifully decorated. 解析 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式通常不作定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 6.【誤】 Having found the cause，the experiment continued. 【正】 Having found the cause，they continued the experiment.(Having found＝After/When they had found) 解析 作狀語(yǔ)的分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中的主語(yǔ)一致，現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞則與其邏輯主語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。,Ⅳ.考點(diǎn)確認(rèn) 一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生時(shí)間和表示的意義可以 有不同的形式。,二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ) 作主語(yǔ)的可以是不定式和動(dòng)名詞。,①It is a great honor to be invited to speak here. ②Playing the piano is my hobby. It is no good telling him the news. 注意：it作形式主語(yǔ)代替動(dòng)名詞常出現(xiàn)在It is no use/good doing.，It is useful doing.，It is a waste of time doing.等句式里。,2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)的可以是不定式和動(dòng)名詞，但是不定式一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 (1)只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 afford，agree，decide，determine，expect，refuse，manage，hope，want，fail，wish，ask，pretend，promise，happen，would like，set out等。 I cant afford to take a holiday this summer because of the project. He determined to return home early.,(2)只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，delay，cant help，consider(考慮)，miss，finish，practise，imagine，suggest(建議)，escape，resist，risk，mind，feel like，insist on，set about等。 It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped being killed in a traffic accident. Do you feel like going out for a walk?,(3)跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)均可且意義差別不大的動(dòng)詞like，love，prefer，hate，begin，start，intend，continue等。 She started playing(to play) the violin when she was four. She intended to come (coming) back soon. He continued studying(to study) as if nothing had happened. (4)跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義相同，但形式不同的動(dòng)詞作“需要”講時(shí)，need，want，require后接v.-ing形式與不定式所表示的意義相同，但是v.-ing形式用主動(dòng)式，不定式用被動(dòng)式。 Your T-shirt needs washing (to be washed). My bicycle wants repairing (to be repaired).,(5)跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)均可但是意義不同的動(dòng)詞 ①Well try to improve our studying method. You can try solving this problem in other ways. ②I meant to go，but my teacher would not allow me to. Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.,③Remember to post this letter for me after school. I forgot telling her the time of the meeting. ④I regret to inform you that you didnt pass the exam. I dont regret telling her what I thought of her. ⑤After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. He shouldnt go on living this way.,3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ) 作表語(yǔ)的可以是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。,①M(fèi)y wish is to be a scientist. The most important thing is to put the theory into practice. ②What she likes is watching the children play. ③The reason he gave was very convincing. ④He is shocked at what happened to his son.,4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的可以是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。,①The mother urged the little boy to go to bed. ②I caught him reading my private letters. ③He went home happily with his homework finished. 注意：大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞后用帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但表示“看、聽、感覺”意義的動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞have，make，let后用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ)的可以是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。,①Are you going to attend the meeting to be held in the hall? ②There is much that can be done about the problem arising from carelessness. ③Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 注意：名詞ability，chance，way等及有序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞后多用不定式作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)的不定式若是不及物動(dòng)詞其后需搭配適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。,6.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) 作狀語(yǔ)的可以是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。,①To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard. I was surprised to find him here. ②Being busy，she didnt reply to her fathers letter. Having been told the meeting was cancelled，I went home after work. The plane crashed，killing all the people on board.,③Born into a poor family，he had only two years of schooling. Encouraged by his teacher，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. 注意：only/just to.表示意想不到的結(jié)果；too.to.“太……而不能……”；so/such.as to.“如此……以至于……”；enough (for sb) to“(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))足夠做某事”等是幾種常用不定式表示結(jié)果的結(jié)構(gòu)。,三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)一致，即句子主語(yǔ)必須是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者。但有時(shí)候無(wú)論非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用哪種形式都不能使其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)一致，此時(shí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需帶有自己的主語(yǔ)，即構(gòu)成“名詞/代詞＋不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞”形式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。,1.名詞/代詞＋to do 動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生。 With so much homework to do，Tom looks sad. 2.名詞/代詞＋v.-ing形式 兩者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 The students seating themselves，the professor began his lecture. 3.名詞/代詞＋v.-ed形式 兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表示動(dòng)作已結(jié)束。 Her glasses broken，she couldnt see the road clearly.,