高三英語二輪復習 第一篇 語法運用攻略 專題一 單項填空 第4講 動詞和動詞短語課件.ppt

《高三英語二輪復習 第一篇 語法運用攻略 專題一 單項填空 第4講 動詞和動詞短語課件.ppt》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《高三英語二輪復習 第一篇 語法運用攻略 專題一 單項填空 第4講 動詞和動詞短語課件.ppt（33頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

第4講 動詞和動詞短語,考點1 動詞詞義辨析 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to______on the sea? A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split 【解析】選A。句意: 如果鋼比水重, 為什么船可以浮在海面上呢? float漂浮; drown溺水, 淹死; shrink收縮; split劈開, 使分離。,2. (2015浙江高考)Studies have shown that the right and left ear ______ sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download 【解析】選C。句意: 研究已經(jīng)表明, 右耳和左耳處理聲音的方式不同。produce生產(chǎn), 制造; pronounce發(fā)音; process處理; download下載。根據(jù)常識, 耳朵不能生產(chǎn)或制造聲音, 不能發(fā)音, 更不可能下載。所以答案只能選C。,3. (2014浙江高考)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. A. share B. realize C. ignore D. cause 【解析】選C。句意: 上周一個網(wǎng)球砸在了我的頭上, 但是我盡力去忽視疼痛, 認為遲早會消失的。share分享; realize意識到, 實現(xiàn); ignore忽略, 不理睬; cause造成, 引起。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。,4. (2014浙江高考)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can ______ when the unexpected will happen. A. prove B. imply C. demand D. predict 【解析】選D。句意: 不管你多么仔細地計劃你的資金, 沒有人能夠預測什么時候會發(fā)生意想不到的事情。prove證明; imply意味著, 暗示; demand要求, 命令; predict預測。根據(jù)句中的when the unexpected will happen可知D項正確。,5. (2013浙江高考)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to______it with important points. A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold 【解析】選A。句意: 當小組討論接近尾聲時, 一定要以重點結束。conclude結束; lead指導, 指引; avoid避免; hold抓住, 握住。,【解題技巧】 動詞詞義辨析題將四個動詞置于一個特定的語境下進行考查, 旨在考查考生在特定語境中熟練應用詞匯的能力。這些動詞可以是毫無聯(lián)系, 也可以是形式上相近, 如adapt/adopt, explode/expose, raise/arise等, 或意義上相近, 語境是唯一的考查標準。,考點2 動詞短語辨析 【典例】1. (2015江蘇高考)The university started some new language programs to______the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt. A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for 【解析】選B。句意: 為了滿足國家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶的需要, 這所大學開設了新的語言課程。apply to申請; cater for迎合, 滿足……的需要; 為……提供所需; appeal to對……有吸引力, 呼吁, 懇求; hunt for搜尋, 尋找。,2. (2015江蘇高考)The whole team______Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on 【解析】選C。句意: 全隊都指望克里斯蒂亞諾羅納爾多, 他很少讓他們失望。wait on服侍, 等待; focus on集中(注意力)于; count on指望; call on號召, 拜訪。,3. (2015浙江高考)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or______our emotions than for straight facts. A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across 【解析】選B。句意: 和直接的事實相比, 我們趨向于對于一些事情記憶會比較清楚, 這些事情刺激我們的感官或者是讓我們的情感產(chǎn)生興趣。該句的句式使用到了一個比較句式以及一個定語從句, 句式比較復雜。所填詞表達的跟前面excite our senses意思是相同的, 根據(jù)句意不難得出是appeal to“吸引”。,4. (2015浙江高考)Body language can______a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away 【解析】選D。句意: 肢體語言可以透露很多關于你的心情的信息, 因此抱臂而站可能發(fā)出一個信號: 你是有防范的。take away帶走, 拿走; throw away扔掉; put away放下, 收拾, 整理; give away泄露, 贈送, 分發(fā), 出賣。,5. (2014浙江高考)How could you______such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? A. turn off B. turn in C. turn down D. turn to 【解析】選C。句意: 你都好幾個月沒有工作了, 你怎么能夠拒絕這么好的一份工作呢? turn off關閉; turn in上交; turn down調(diào)小, 拒絕; turn to求助于。,【解題技巧】 牢記下列高頻動詞短語: (1)break類: break away from打破; 與……脫離關系; break down出故障; (計劃、談判)失敗; (精神、身體)垮掉; 分解; break in闖入, 插嘴; break into闖入; break out爆發(fā), 突然發(fā)生; break up打碎, 分手, 分開, 關系破裂 (2)bring類: bring about導致, 造成, 引起; bring back恢復, 使想起; bring in引進, 帶來; bring out出版, 使顯現(xiàn); bring up撫養(yǎng), 提出, 嘔吐 (3)call類: call for需要, 要求; call back回電; call in召集, 叫……來(幫忙); call on號召, 拜訪; call up使想起, 打電話, 征召,(4)come類: come about發(fā)生; come across偶遇; 無意中發(fā)現(xiàn); come out出版; 結果是; come true實現(xiàn)(無被動); come up被提出; come up with提出(建議、計劃、方案等) (5)get類: get across解釋清楚, 使……被理解; get away from避免; 擺脫, 逃離; get away with僥幸做成; get around四處走動, 傳播開來; get down to開始認真……; get along/on with進展; 與……相處; get over克服; 從……中恢復或康復; get rid of擺脫; 除去; get through通過; 完成; 接通電話,(6)give類: give away贈送; 泄露; 分發(fā); give back歸還; give in屈服, 讓步; 投降, 認輸; give out分發(fā), 發(fā)出; 發(fā)表; 用盡; 筋疲力盡; give up放棄, 對……不再抱有希望 (7)go類: go against違背; 不利于; 反對; go ahead(表示同意對方提出的要求或建議)說吧! 做吧! 開始吧! go around參觀; (消息)傳播; go by過去, 經(jīng)過; go on繼續(xù); 進行; 發(fā)生; go over復習, 仔細檢查; go through穿過; 經(jīng)歷; 仔細檢查; go without沒有……也行 (8)hold類: hold back隱瞞; 抑制; 退縮; hold on=hang on別掛斷電話; 等一會兒; 堅持下去; hold out堅持, 伸出; hold up舉起; 阻擋; 使耽擱; hold on to緊緊抓住; 保留; 不放棄,(9)keep類: keep away from遠離; 勿靠近; keep back扣下; 隱瞞, 抑制; keep up堅持; 繼續(xù); 使不低落; keep up with跟上; keep an eye on照看, 留意; keep an eye out for密切注意 (10)look類: look around環(huán)顧四周; look away from把目光從……移開; look into調(diào)查; look back on/upon回顧; look up查找, 向上看; look up to尊敬, 敬仰; look down upon歧視, 看不起; look forward to盼望; 期待; look through瀏覽; look out當心, 留意; 小心; look on旁觀,(11)make類: make use of利用; make up組成; 編造, 杜撰; 化妝; 和解; make up for補償; 彌補; make for走向; 有助于; 導致; make sense有意義; 有道理; make sense of理解; make out理解; 辨認出; make it成功做到; 約定某個時間 (12)put類: put aside把……擱置一邊, 暫不考慮; 儲蓄; put away收拾; 整理; put forward提出, 把(鐘表)撥快; put down記下, 寫下, 鎮(zhèn)壓; put out伸出; 撲滅; 生產(chǎn); put up建造, 張貼; 提供住宿; put up with忍受; put on穿上; 上演; 增加,(13)set類: set aside不顧, 留出; set about doing sth. 著手做某事; set out出發(fā), 動身; set out to do sth. 著手做某事; set off出發(fā); 引起; 使爆炸; set up建立(組織、機構); 創(chuàng)立 (14)take類: take after長得像某人; take down記下, 拆卸; 取下; take up從事, 開始做; 占用(時間、空間), 著手處理; take in吸收; 接收; 理解; 欺騙; take off起飛; 成功; 脫下; take on呈現(xiàn); 具有; 承擔; 雇用; take over接管, 接手 (15)turn類: turn around轉身; turn away(from)不準……進入; 拒絕; turn down拒絕; turn up開大; 露面; 出現(xiàn); turn to轉向; 求助于; turn against反對; 背叛,(16)其他類短語: appeal to呼吁; 上訴; 對……有吸引力; account for 對……負責; 對……作出解釋; (比例)占……; answer for因……而受罰; 對……負責; approve of同意, 贊成; apply to應用于; 適用于; apply for 申請; attach importance to重視; benefit from從……受益; keep sb. company陪伴某人; concentrate on集中注意力于; 全神貫注于(=focus on); take. . . into consideration/account把……考慮在內(nèi); contribute to 貢獻; 捐款; 有助于, 促成; fall behind落后; fall into a habit of doing sth. 養(yǎng)成……的習慣; fall in love with愛上……; do away with廢除; 取 消; come into sight進入視野; feel like(doing)想要(做……); find fault,with找毛病, 對……吹毛求疵; fit in with適應; 與……相處融洽; hang up掛斷電話; catch/draw/attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意; head for向……方向前進; be/get involved in參與; 涉及; lie in在于; participate in參加, 參與; react to對……作出反應; refer to參考, 涉及; 提到; 談到; refer to. . . as把……稱作; rely on依賴; 依靠; reply to答復, 回答; respond to對……作出反應, 響應; give rise to引起; 導致; catch sight of看見; stick to堅持(計劃、觀點、承諾); stick out伸出; suffer from患……病; 受……痛苦; watch out小心提防; contribute to有助于; be/get accustomed to習慣于; live up to不辜負; 實踐; 做到; dress up化妝; 打扮; make a difference有影響, 使不相同; lead to導致; 引起; 通向; cheer up使高興/振作起來,考點3 動詞的熟詞生義 【典例】1. (2014湖北高考)The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. A. developed B. established C. observed D. revised 【解析】選D。句意: 這些舊的規(guī)則必須修改, 因為它們只適用于100年前它們被制定時存在的情況。develop開發(fā); 發(fā)展; 發(fā)育; establish建立; observe遵守; revise修改。,2. (2014江蘇高考)Top graduates from universities are______by major companies. A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated 【解析】選A。句意: 高才生受到各大公司的青睞, 成為爭相錄用的對象。chase追逐, 符合句意。register注冊; offer提供; compensate補償。,3. (2014安徽高考)Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today. It has really ______the test of time. A. failed B. stood C. taken D. conducted 【解析】選B。句意: 莎士比亞的作品今天依舊受歡迎, 它真的已經(jīng)經(jīng)受了時間的檢驗。stand忍受, 經(jīng)受; fail失敗, 不及格; take帶走; conduct指導, 指揮, 帶領。,4. (2013浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation, ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing. A. realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding 【解析】選C。句意: 一個好的聆聽者要參與交談, 給出自己的想法并且提出問題以使談話順暢進行。realize意識到; copy復制; offer(主動)提出(幫助); misunderstand誤解。此處offer意為“主動提出想法/觀點等”。,【解題技巧】 對于動詞的熟詞生義用法, 要進行專門積累(尤其在閱讀理解中的此類詞), 并且要通過強化訓練對它們的用法進行鞏固。 常見動詞熟詞生義用法表:,【誤區(qū)糾偏】 易錯點1 動詞詞義辨析不到位 ①(2014江蘇高考)Legend has it that the origin of Dragon Boat Festival is to______the soul of Qu Yuan. ②(變式)Legend has it that the origin of Dragon Boat Festival is to______Qu Yuan, the great ancient poet. A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall,【點撥】 (1)題①由句子中the soul of Qu Yuan可知, 本句意為“傳說端午節(jié)的起源是為屈原招魂?！惫时绢}要選D項recall(召回)。 (2)題②對題目中的內(nèi)容進行了調(diào)整, 考查remember一詞意義的理解, 句意為“傳說端午節(jié)的起源是為了紀念屈原這位偉大的古代詩人。remember在此表示“紀念”之意, 符合句意。故選A。,易錯點2 動詞短語理解不到位 ①(2014天津高考)The two countries are going to meet to______some barriers to trade between them. ②(變式)The two countries are going to meet to______ignoring some barriers to trade between them. A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down,【點撥】 (1)題①題干的意思是“這兩個國家即將會晤來消除兩國之間的貿(mào)易障礙?！鳖}①break down在本句中意為“消除(障礙, 偏見等)”, 故選D。 (2)題②題干的語境是: 這兩個國家即將會晤和解, 擱置兩國之間的貿(mào)易障礙。題②make up在本句中意為“和解”, 選A。,易錯點3 熟詞生義用法掌握不到位 ①(2013新課標全國卷Ⅰ)At the last moment, Tom decided to______a new character to make the story seem more likely. ②(變式)At the last moment, Tom decided to______a notice to find a new character to make the story seem more likely. A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off,【點撥】 (1)題①根據(jù)句意“在最后一刻, 湯姆決定添加一個新的角色, 從而使得這個故事顯得更加真實?！倍挥衟ut in有“加入, 添加”的意思。故選B。 (2)題②考查put up a notice這一常用結構, 意為“張貼一個通知”, 符合語境。故選A。 (3)對于put短語的積累和靈活運用很關鍵, 最關鍵的是對不同語境的準確理解。,