2019-2020年高中英語專項(xiàng)突破 完形填空 篇章邏輯推理能力.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語專項(xiàng)突破 完形填空 篇章邏輯推理能力 技能考查簡介 　　　普通高中課程改革英語學(xué)科教學(xué)指導(dǎo)意見指出：高中英課程的總目標(biāo)之一是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力；語言技能和語言知識是綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的基礎(chǔ)。并因此而著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力，特別注重提高學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)行思維和表達(dá)的能力；形成跨文化交際的意識和基本的跨文化交際能力。 高中英語考試說明的命題要求明確指出：“完形填空考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和詞匯的綜合運(yùn)用能力，所選語言材料要有利于考生進(jìn)行語篇分析，要保證本大題有較好的區(qū)分度?！? 因此，高考完形填空題這種題型的設(shè)置是檢驗(yàn)課程實(shí)施效果的方法之一。該題形要求高中生必須具備快速閱讀理解一篇抽去相當(dāng)數(shù)量詞匯文章的內(nèi)容領(lǐng)悟能力和分析推斷能力，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語法知識、詞匯辨析能力，常識和邏輯推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交際意識和能力。具體考查技能如下： 邏輯推理能力：完形填空對篇章邏輯推理能力的考查主要表現(xiàn)在考生能否根據(jù)句中，句間甚至是整篇文章的邏輯關(guān)系，比如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等關(guān)系，選出正確選項(xiàng)。主要包括以下幾個方面： （一）句中邏輯推理能力 （二）句間邏輯推理能力 （三）篇章邏輯推理能力 （四）篇章原詞重現(xiàn) （三）篇章邏輯推理能力 篇章邏輯推理能力：根據(jù)整個篇章的上下文聯(lián)系及邏輯關(guān)系，推斷出正確選項(xiàng)。 e.g. (xx課標(biāo) I) Some members, 38 , chose to use wheelchairs. Others wore sound-blocking earplugs（耳塞）or blindfolds（眼罩）. Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. 38. A. instead B. strangely C. as usual D. like me 39. A. learning B. working C. satisfying D. relaxing 40. A. convenient B. awkward C. boring D. exciting 41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight 【解析】考查篇章邏輯推理能力。根據(jù)下文40、41空處的句子主語均為I，可以推斷出38空處的句子，要表達(dá)的主語應(yīng)更下文一致，同樣是 I, 因此，38題的正確選項(xiàng)為D。 一、小試牛刀： 1、I am happy that I am being a 37 person. ……I 55 who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago. 37. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled 55. A. miss B. like C. wonder D. expect 2、The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower……. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 . 7. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return 11.A. confused B. gone C. tired D. drunk 3、 Panicking, she began to 51 ……. With 53 , she saw the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her. 51. A. speak B. sing C. sniff D. scream 53. A. regret B. relief C. interest D. ease 4、Although my friends were always forting me, they never _20 understood how it felt……. For the first time in my life I could speak to someone who’d been through something _27_ 20 A. correctly B. roughly C. easily D. really 27 A. similar B. strange C. hard D. important 5、When I was twelve, my family moved to Johor. Ismail’s family later returned to their village, and I 46 touch with him……. Even after two 51 we still recognized each other. 46 .A. lost B. gained C. developed D. missed 51.A .departures B. months C. years D. decades 【答案解析】 1、【解析】B?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰ΑＳ缮衔?7空處句子中的I am happy。推斷出此空的句意：我喜歡現(xiàn)在的自己，故選B。 2、【解析】B?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰Α８鶕?jù)語義提示可知，gone與上文（本段）的left，構(gòu)成同義詞所以答案選B項(xiàng)。句意為烏鴉都是等到所有人（離開）后才回巢。故答案為B“離開”。其他選項(xiàng)的含義分別為：A“感到困惑”，C“感到很累”，D“喝醉了酒”。 3、【解析】B?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰ΑＦ虑懊娴膒anicking 恐慌，說明了此處“她看到有人向她劃船過來，應(yīng)該是如釋重負(fù)?！惫蔬x擇B項(xiàng)。 4、【解析】D?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰Α钠潞竺娴腇or the first time in my life I could speak to someone who’d been through something similar（在我的生活中第一次可以和一個與我有相似經(jīng)歷的人交談）可以得知之前沒有人能夠‘感同身受地、真正地’理解她。因此可知正確選項(xiàng)為D。 5、【解析】A?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。從篇章后面的we still recognized each other（我們?nèi)匀荒苷J(rèn)出互相），可以得知之前我們是沒有聯(lián)系的。因此得知正確選項(xiàng)為A。 二、基礎(chǔ)鞏固： 1、 “If you go out there you’ll be 47 ,” the man called after her. She did not bother to reply……. Oh, why had she not listened to the advice? 47. A. angry B. sorry C. confused D. excited 2、I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself. I am happy that I am being a 37 person. 36. A. since B. before C. or D. unless 37. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled 3、 “ Wait a minute,” Mom said. “ I want your ___39 ___ back. You didn’t wear anything when you arrived.” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off ----shoes, socks, underwear and all 39. A. bag B. clothes C. sandwiches D. suitcase 4、I 38 the countryside for some place I could rent for the ___39 possible amount. …… Four years later, I moved back into 51 . 38. A. crossed B. left C. toured D. searched 39. A. fullest B. largest C. fairest D. cheapest 51. A. reality B. society C. town D. life 5、But in xx, together with some climbers, I set a date for a ___27___. ……. Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash…….. I couldn’t believe the ___30___ we made ---the park looked clean! 27. A. cleanup B. party C. picnic D. concert 30. A. plan B. visit C. contact D. difference 【答案解析】 1、【解析】B?？疾槠碌倪壿嬐评砟芰?。由篇章后面的Oh, why had she not listened to the advice? （天呀，她為什么不聽從我的建議呢？），推出說話者曾經(jīng)警告過“她”這樣做會“后悔”，故選擇B。其他，生氣、困惑和興奮均不符合下文所表達(dá)的含義。 2、【解析】C?？疾槠碌倪壿嬐评砟芰Α８鶕?jù)文章前面的“in the past two years I have really changed.”，可推知，我現(xiàn)在是一個與之前不同的人了，故選C。 3、【解析】B?？疾槠碌倪壿嬐评砟芰Α８鶕?jù)本段后面的I tore my clothes off ----shoes, socks, underwear and all可推知本空的正確選項(xiàng)為B。 4、【解析】C。考查篇章的邏輯推理能力。根據(jù)篇章前面的“I _38_the countryside for some place”可知作者到鄉(xiāng)村找地方租住，現(xiàn)在是“I moved back into”，當(dāng)然是搬回到城里（C. town）了。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：現(xiàn)實(shí)；社會；生活，均不符合語境 5、【解析】A?？疾槠碌倪壿嬐评砟芰?。根據(jù)篇章后面的I couldn’t believe the ___30___ we made ---the park looked clean!，可知作者是在做清理工作。故正確正確選項(xiàng)為A。 三、能力提高： 1、I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road ___40 the Potomac River in West Virginia.…… 49 on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my 50 with my neighbors. 40. A. at B. through C. over D. round 49. A. Up B. Down C. Deep D. Along 50. A. cooperation B. relationships C. satisfaction D. appointments 2、I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself…….. A bigger cause of my new 46 , however, came when I took a part-time job at a Vista Nursing Home. 36. A. since B. before C. or D. unless 46. A. attitude B. hobby C. hope D. luck 3、I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭)，credit cards, success.……What I had believed in, all those things I thought were 48 for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place. 48. A. unique B. expensive C. rare D. necessary 4、That’s especially impressive. 37 she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly……. She doesn’t let her 43 stop her from doing anything that she wants to. 37. A. since B. unless C. after D. though 43. A. talent B. quality C. nature D. condition 5、I was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat……. As I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl…… 23. A. driving B. repairing C. taking D. designing 24. A. working B. travelling C. discussing D. living 28. A. wave at B. drop off C. call on D. look for 【答案解析】 1、【解析】A。考查篇章邏輯推理能力。根據(jù)上文中“I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road”可知房子在山上，可知選up。 2、【解析】A?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。前文說but in the past two years I have really changed, 推出作者是生活態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，而不是B興趣愛好，C希望，D運(yùn)氣的改變，故選A。 3、【解析】D?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰Α８鶕?jù)上文所描述的美國夢的內(nèi)容“a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success”，可知作者原來認(rèn)為這些東西是文明生活必須的（necessary）。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：野生的，野蠻的，狂野的；真實(shí)的；偏僻的，遙遠(yuǎn)的，均不符合語境。 4、【解析】D?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。根據(jù)上文37題句中的“a rare condition”可知，Lola Walter的視力問題是一種罕見的狀況，因此，43題指她不會讓這種狀況阻止自己做她想做的事情。 5、【解析】A?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。根據(jù)下文28題中的“As I pulled the bus over….”，可知作者正在開車，故23題選擇A driving。 四、終極挑戰(zhàn)： 1、Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets 16 him, especially those who are 17 …….. Now, many poor New Yorkers know him and 30 his behavior. 16. A. know about B. learn from C. cheer for D. look after 17. A. old B. busy C. kind D. poor 30. A. understand B. dislike C. study D. excuse 2、The locals knew nothing about me, 43 slowly, they started teaching me the 44 of being a neighbor. ……They started to teach me a belief in a 46 American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of ___47 . 43. A. but B. although C. otherwise D. for 44. A. benefit B. lesson C. nature D. art 46. A. wild B. real C. different D. remote 47. A. neighborliness B. happiness C. friendliness D. kindness 3、One way to improve your mood is _50_. Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for _51 goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape 50. A. play B. munication C. sleep D. exercise 51. A. clear B. present C. mon D. early 4、Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 . 1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend 2. A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. Disappointedly D. Fortunately 3. A. survive B. care C. hatch D. notice 5、Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 experience. I had never considered before how 40 it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 . Then I wondered where to put my 43 . It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 . I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of 45 for several hours. 39. A. learning B. working C. satisfying D. relaxing 40. A. convenient B. awkward C. boring D. exciting 41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight 42. A. locked B. repaired C. powered D. grasped 43. A. hands B. feet C. keys D. handles 44. A. place B. action C. play D. effect 45. A. operation B. munication C. transportation D. production 【答案解析】 1、【解析】D?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。根據(jù)下文所描述的贈送手套的情況，以及30空前出現(xiàn)的“many poor New Yorkers”和33空后面出現(xiàn)的“the poor”，可知選D。 2、【解析】A?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。本段前面講到鄰居們教他做鄰居的藝術(shù)，給他提供了很多幫助，由此可知選neighborliness友善，睦鄰友好。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：幸福；友好，親切；仁慈，好意。neighborliness側(cè)重指鄰里關(guān)系。 3、【解析】D?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。根據(jù)下文的“l(fā)ike a new personal running record or a better body shape”可知這里是通過鍛煉來改善情緒，由此推知D項(xiàng)正確。 4、【解析】D?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。據(jù)上文第一句的“recognize”和下文的“knows the 5 ”語義提示可知，這是這二個詞的同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，本句句義為：如果一個鳥窩里有四顆鳥蛋，你拿走一個，鳥兒就會發(fā)現(xiàn)。A“生存下來”，B“關(guān)心”，C“孵（蛋）”均不符合語境。 5、【解析】A?？疾槠逻壿嬐评砟芰?。根據(jù)下文的I had never considered，Then I wondered，It took me quite a while，和I took my first uneasy look，都表明坐在輪椅上是一個學(xué)習(xí)learning的過程，其他工作，滿意，放松均不符合篇章的語境。