反意疑問句 (2)

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1、反 意 疑 問 句 反意疑問句是英語中常見的一種句型，被廣泛應(yīng)用于英語口語中。反意疑問句通常由兩部分構(gòu)成：前一部分用陳述句的形式（statement），后一部分是一個附著在前一部分的簡短問句（tag question）。其中附加簡短問句是對陳述部分所說的事實或觀點提出疑問起證實作用，一般用于證實說話者所說的事實或觀點。 完成后一部分簡短問句時，要根據(jù)前面陳述部分的動詞時態(tài)和人稱來選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦釉~進行提問，前后兩部分的人稱和動詞時態(tài)要保持一致。在使用時應(yīng)注意以后下幾個方面的問題： 一、陳述部分和簡短問句部分的肯定形式和否定形式的判定 1．反意疑問句陳述部分是肯定還是否定的形式直接影響到后

2、一部分簡短問句采用的是肯定還是否定的形式。通常前一部分用肯定式，后一部分則用否定式；反之，前一部分是否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯后否，前否后肯“。例： You have been to Beijing, haven’t you? He won’t attend the meeting, will he? 2．陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody, no one, none, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, barely, few, little, neither, nowhere等否定含義的詞時，后面的附加簡短問句部分

3、用肯定形式。例： Nobody phoned me while I was out, did they? There were few people there, were there? She seldom writes a letter, does she? 3．陳述部分含“too…to”時，后面的附加簡短問句部分用否定形式。 例： He is too young to go to school, isn’t he? 4．陳述部分出現(xiàn)了用un-, in-, dis-等否定前綴表示否定的詞，后面的附加簡短問句部分仍用否定形式。（前面的陳述部分可以看作成是否定意義的肯定句）例：

4、The news is unimportant, isn’t it? Peter dislikes his job, doesn’t he? 但： He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 注意：后面的附加簡短問句部分如是否定的，not常用縮寫形式n’t。 二、陳述部分和簡短問句部分的主語要保持一致 1. 常反意疑問句陳述部分的主語與后一部分簡短問句的主語要一致。當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是名詞時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語要改成相應(yīng)的人稱代詞。例： Ling Ming isn’t doing his homework, is he? 2．陳

5、述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one等時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語常用復(fù)數(shù)they, 有時也用單數(shù)he。例： Everyone knows the answer, don’t they? / doesn’t he? Nobody knows about it, do they? / does he? 3．陳述部分主語是something, everything, anything, nothing, this, that時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語用it；

6、是those，these時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語用they。例： Everything is ready, isn’t it? These are the books borrowed from the library, aren’t they? 4．陳述部分是“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面的附加簡短問句部分仍用引導(dǎo)詞there，省略主語代詞。例： There is something wrong with your phone, isn’t there? There will not be any trouble with my computer, will there?

7、 5．陳述部分中的主語有并列連詞Neither…nor, either…or, not only … but also等連接時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語人稱根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。例： Neither Li Ming nor Wang Hong has been to America, haven’t they? Either you or I am right, aren’t we? 6．陳述部分中的主語是“some(none) of +名詞（代詞）” 時，如果“名詞（代詞）”是復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語可以用they, you, we。陳述部分中的主語是“each

8、of +名詞（代詞）”時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語通常用he，有時可以用they, we。例： Some of them (you, us) will be back soon, won’t they (you, we)? Each of the students finished their homework at home, didn’t he (they)? 7．陳述部分中的主語是a little (little), a few (few)或受他們修飾時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語分別用it和they。陳述部分中的主語是such時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語用it或they

9、。例： Little has been done, has it? A few leaders will speak at the meeting, won’t they? Such is your answer, isn’t it? Such are the results, aren’t they? 8．陳述部分中主語是不定式、動名詞或主語從句時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的主語使用it。例： To study English is very important, isn’t it? Smoking does harm to our health, doesn’t it? Wh

10、at he said is true, isn’t it? 三、陳述部分和簡短問句部分的謂語要保持一致 陳述部分謂語動詞與疑問部分使用的助動詞要保持時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的一致，并且注意特殊情況的使用。 1．疑問部分的助動詞主要是重復(fù)陳述部分謂語中的助動詞。例： The students are playing basketball, aren’t they? Your mother doesn’t like watching the football match, does she? 2．陳述部分是I am…時，疑問部分用aren’t I(非正式，常用)， 或am I not (正式)

11、或ain’t I （非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）。例： I’m right, aren’t I? 3．陳述部分有have時，有以下幾種情況： 1）have用作助動詞構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)時，疑問部分仍使用have作為助動詞。例： You have ever been to Shanghai, haven’t you? He has passed the exam, hasn’t he? 2）have用作實義動詞，表示“有”的意義時，疑問部分可用助動詞do也可用have；have表示“吃，進行，讓，舉行，參與”等其它意義時，疑問部分用助動詞do。例： Their teacher has a new bicycl

12、e, hasn’t he / doesn’t he? The students often have lunch at school, don’t they? They had a meeting yesterday, didn’t they? 3）have to或have got to表示“不得不，必須”時，疑問部分分別使用助動詞do和have。例： His father had to walk home last night, didn’t he? The students have got to work hard at their studies, haven’t they?

13、 4．陳述部分有must時，有以下幾種情況： 1）must表示“必須”，疑問部分用needn’t（不必）。例： They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 2）must表示“應(yīng)該”， 疑問部分用mustn’t。例： You must work harder next term, mustn’t you? 3）mustn’t表示“禁止，不應(yīng)該”時，疑問部分可以用must或may。例： You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? 4) 當(dāng)must用來表示對現(xiàn)在的情況進行推測時，疑問部分通常要根

14、據(jù)must后面的動詞采用相應(yīng)的形式。 He must be good at English,isnt he? 他英語一定學(xué)得很好，是嗎？ He must be a teacher, isn’t he? He must be reading in the room, isn’t he? 5) 當(dāng)must+have done表示對過去的情況進行推測（一般句中有明確的過去時間狀語），問句要根據(jù)陳述部分謂語的情況用“didnt+主語”或“wasnt/werent+主語”；如果強調(diào)動作的完成（一般沒有明確的過去時間狀語），問句要用“havent/hasnt+主語”。 例： It mu

15、st have rained last night, didn’t it?（有明確的過去時間狀語， 對過去情況的推測） You must have seen the film, haven’t you?（沒有明確的過去時間狀語，對已經(jīng)完成情況的推測） 注意：情態(tài)動詞can和may表示推測時，也有類似的反意疑問句。 5．陳述部分的謂語有used to時，疑問部分用didn’t+主語或usedn’t +主語。例： He used to take exercise there, didn’t he? / usedn’t he? 6．陳述部分的謂語有ought to時，疑問部分用should

16、n’t / oughtn’t +主語。例： He ought to know how to do it, oughtn’t he? / shouldn’t he? 7．陳述部分有had better 時， 疑問部分用hadn’t +主語。例： You’d better get up earlier next time, hadn’t you? 8．陳述部分有would rather或would like to (’d like to)時，疑問部分用wouldn’t+主語。例： You would rather walk there, wouldn’t he? You’d like

17、to read it, wouldn’t you? 9．陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may +主語(前后兩個部分都要用肯定)。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 10. 帶情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 當(dāng)dare, need 為實義動詞時，疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。 She doesnt dare to go home al

18、one, does she? 四、并列復(fù)合句和主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句 1．陳述部分是并列復(fù)合句時，疑問部分與最近的并列分句保持一致。例： His brother studied very hard and he was admitted to a key school, wasn’t he? 2．陳述部分是含有定語從句、同位語從句或狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句時，疑問部分與主句保持一致。例： If he were here he would help us, wouldn’t he? There are many students in our class who are studying

19、 very hard, aren’t there? She didn’t turn up until you wer about to leave, did she? 3．陳述部分是含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句時，一般情況下疑問部分與主句保持一致；當(dāng)陳述部分是“I’m afraid, I’m sure, I (don’t) think (suppose , expect, imagine, believe等+賓語從句時，疑問部分要與從句保持一致，但要注意陳述部分的否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。例： He said that he had worked out the problem, didn’t he?

20、 I don’t think he is right, is he? (否定轉(zhuǎn)移) I expect you will be back soon, won’t you? I’m sure that our experiment will come out successfully, won’t it? I don’t believe he cares for clothes, does he? 五、祈使句的反意疑問句 當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時，后面的附加簡短問句部分的動詞不用助動詞do，要用情態(tài)動詞。 1．一般祈使句陳述部分是肯定形式，疑問部分用will you。若表示勸導(dǎo)和邀請的語氣

21、時可以用won’t you。但陳述部分是否定的祈使句時，疑問部分用will you（有時也可用can you）。例： Please open the door, will you? Stop smoking, won’t you? Don’t play with fire, will you? Don’t make much noise, will/ can you? 2．以let’s開頭的祈使句包括了說話者和聽話者在內(nèi)，疑問部分用shall we；而以let us或let me 開頭的祈使句不包括聽話者在內(nèi)，疑問部分用will you。例： Let’s go to do some

22、 shopping, shall we? Let us do it again, will you? 六、感嘆句和強調(diào)句的反意疑問句 英語中沒有否定形式的感嘆句，所以感嘆句后面的簡短問句要用否定形式。強調(diào)句后面的簡短問句的主語要與that前強調(diào)部分的主語保持一致，疑問部分常用isn’t it 或wasn’t it。 例： What a lovely day (it is), isn’t it? What a beautiful park (it is), isn’t it? What a clever boy (he is), isn’t he? It was yesterday

23、 that you saw him, wasn’t it? 七、反意疑問句的回答 反意疑問句的回答要按事實回答，無論問題的提法如何。如果事實是肯定的，就用yes，事實是否定的，就要用no。例： ----- His mother is a doctor, isn’t she? 他媽媽是醫(yī)生，是嗎？ ----- Yes, she is. 是的，她是醫(yī)生。 ----- Mrs Li isn’t your teacher, is she? 李夫人不是你們老師，對嗎？ ----- Yes, she is. 不，她是我們老師。 練習(xí)1 高考真題: 1

24、. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _____? （2012江蘇25) A. is there B. isn’t there C. is he D. isn’t he 2. I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ? (2011重慶28) A. could he B. d

25、idn’t I C. didn’t you D. could they 3. It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, ______? (2011上海30) A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they 4. You and I could hardly work together, ? （20

26、09湖南卷 32） A. could you B. couldn’t I C. couldn’t we D. could we 5. It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ? （2009遼寧卷34） A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it 6. He must be helping the old man to wa

27、ter the flowers, ? （2009陜西卷16） A. is he B. isn’the C. must he D.mustn’t he 7. Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theater, ______? (2009上海卷30) A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D

28、. is she 8. You didn’t use to like him much when we were at school, ___________? (2008上海春招) A. were we B. weren’t we C. did you D. didn’t you 9. When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ____? （2007北京） A. d

29、o you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you 10. If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good, ? （2007上海春季） A. do you B. don’t you C. is it D. isn’t it 11. —I spent two weeks in London last summ

30、er. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _______ you? [2014重慶卷10] A. mustnt B. havent C. didnt D. hadnt A組 1. I think they will go to town tomorrow, _____? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 2. I don’t believe h

31、e can catch up with me, _____? A. can he B. can’t he C. do I D. don’t I 3. I’m sure that I will be well again, _____? A. am I B. aren’t I C. will I D. won’t I 4. They don’t believe you are wrong, _____? A. are you B. aren’t you

32、C. do they D. don’t they 5. We told you that he would come tonight, _______? A. didn’t we B. did we C. would he D. wouldn’t he 6. The reporter said the news was not true, _________? A. wasn’t it B. didn’t he C. did he D. was it 7. Your brother h

33、as lunch at home, ______? A. hasn’t he B. doesn’t he C. has he D. does he 8. John has to get up early, ______? A. has he B. hasn’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he 9. She has got to get everything ready, _____? A. hasn’t she B. has she C.

34、 doesn’t she D. does she 10. She has never been to China, _____? A. has she B. hasn’t she C. doesn’t she D. does she 11. She had better tell you the news right now, ____? A. had she B. hadn’t she C. did she D. didn’t she 12. They would rather not

35、 have done that last week,____? A. would they B. wouldn’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 13. I’d rather stay here for a rest, _____? A. did I B. would I C. didn’t I D. wouldn’t I 14. You ought to do it again, _______? A. ought you B. oughtn’t you

36、 C. do you D. don’t you 15. You must do that again, _____? A. mustn’t you B. needn’t you C. do you D. don’t you 16. He must wait here, ______? A. mustn’t he B. doesn’t he C. shouldn’t he D. does he 17. He must be a good worker, _____? A. mustn’

37、t he B. needn’t he C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he 18. They used to be good friends, ________? A. usedn’t they B. didn’t they C. used they D. both A and B 19. He must have been to China twice, _____? A. hasn’t he B. didn’t he C. wasn’t he

38、 D. mustn’t he 20. He must have been ill last week, ____? A. hasn’t he B. didn’t he C. wasn’t he D. mustn’t he 21. He must have known you during the war, ____? A. hasn’t he B. didn’t he C. wasn’t he D. mustn’t he 22. He must have known the resul

39、t already, _____? A. hasn’t he B. didn’t he C. wasn’t he D. mustn’t he 23. There used to be a temple here, _____? A. didn’t there B. did there C. used there D. was there 24. — The new windows need washing. — Well, let’s wash them together, ____?

40、 A. shall we B. will you C. should we D. would you 25. What beautiful flowers, ___? A. aren’t they B. are they C. isn’t it D. is it 26. Alice, you have a little more chicken, ______? A. haven’t you B. don’t you C. will you D. do you 27. Hi! Alice, yo

41、u have bought a little chicken, ______? A. haven’t you B. won’t you C. will you D. have you 28. You two had breakfast just now, _______? A. hadn’t you B. didn’t you C. had you D. did you 29. You two had finished the breakfast, _______? A. hadn’t you

42、 B. didn’t you C. did you D. had you 30. Neither you nor I was invited to the party, ________? A. were we B. weren’t we C. was I D. were you 31. Either he or she is to clean the window, _____? A. are they B. aren’t they C. isn’t he

43、 D. isn’t she 32. It is Jiao Yulu who turned Lankao into a rich district, _______? A. is it B. isn’t it C. did he D. didn’t he 33. It was you who never made such mistakes, ________? A. wasn’t it B. weren’t you C. did you D. didn’t you

44、 34. The little child dared not climb the tree, ______? A. dared he B. did he C. was he D. does he 35. What he said is not wrong, __________? A. didn’t he B. did he C. is it D. isn’t it 36. That his parents were ill made him a little wo

45、rried, _________? A. weren’t they B. were they C. didn’t it D. wasn’t it 37. He dislikes what you have said, ________? A. does he B. doesn’t he C. have you D. haven’t you 38. You want help, money or anything, let me know, ____ you? A. don’t B

46、. will C. shall D. do 39. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ____? A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she 40. Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, _______? A. was there B. was

47、n’t there C. didn’t he D. did he 41. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _____? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 42. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _______? A. did they B. didn’t they C. did it D. didn’t it 7