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1、中考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：名詞考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練試題【考點(diǎn)直擊】1可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法；2名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；3近義名詞的辨析?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】一、名詞的數(shù) 1單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors,boyboys。（2）以 s，x，ch，sh，結(jié) 尾 的 詞 加-es，例 如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。（3）以
2、 ce,se,ze,（d）ge 結(jié)尾的名詞加 s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以輔音母加 y 結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如：citycities,factoryfactories,countrycountries,familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加 s，如：boyboys,daydays。（5）以 o 結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，還有某些外來詞也只加-s，例如
3、：photophotos，pianopianos。（6）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變 f 為 v 再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves,halfhalves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾 s（或 es）的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾 s（或 es）的讀音方法情況 讀法 例詞 在ptkf等清輔音后 s cups,hats,cakes 在sztF等音后 iz glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces 在bd v等濁輔音后 z beds,dogs,cities,knives（7）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen
4、，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice?！咀⒁狻颗c man 和 woman 構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men 和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German 不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans；man,woman等作定語時(shí)，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：menworkers，women teachers。有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish 等。但當(dāng) fish 表示不同種類的魚時(shí)，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。（8）單數(shù)形式但其意為
5、復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people,police 等。（9）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如：ten-minutes walk,an 8-year-old girl,a ten-mile walk。（10）還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：科學(xué)名詞：physics,mathematics/maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：the United States,Niagara Falls其他名詞：news
6、,falls2不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：（1）用 much,a little,a lot of/lots of,some,any 等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用 a piece of 這類定語，例如：a piece of paper a p
7、iece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk）a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時(shí)，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可數(shù)名詞也可用 a lot of,lots of,some,any,much 等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格 名詞所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1.表
8、示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 s,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s，例如：a students room,students rooms,fathers shoes。2.如其結(jié)尾不是 s 的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3.在表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight,ten dollars worth。4.無生命名詞的所有格則必須用 of 結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of China，the end of this
9、 term，the capital of our country,the color of the flowers。5.雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers?！咀⒁狻咳绻麅蓚€(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有 s，則表示“分別有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Toms and Marys bikes（兩人各自的自行車）。兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)s，則表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；Tom and Marys mother（即 Tom 與 Mary 是兄妹）。【實(shí)例解析】1.（2004
10、 年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題）These _ have saved many childrens lives.A.woman doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctor 答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時(shí)的變化。woman 作定語時(shí)要和被修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。2.(2004 年河北省中考試題)This is _ bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much.A.Anne and Jane B.Annes and Janes C.Annes and Jane D.Anne and Janes 答案
11、：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個(gè)房間時(shí)，只在后面的名詞后加s。3.(2004 年吉林省中考試題)-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes,there are some.A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep 答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語動(dòng)詞來判斷，主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有 sheep 可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。4.(2004 年佛山市中考試題)-What would you like to drink,_ or orange?-Orange,please.A.hamburger B.chip C.tea 答案：C。該
12、題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有 tea 能喝?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項(xiàng)填空1-Where have you been,Tim?-Ive been to _.A.the Henry house B.the Henry family C.The Henrys home D.Henrys2In England,if _ is in the middle of the day,the evening meal is called supper.A.food B.lunch C.breakfast D.dinner3You looked for it twice,but you havent foun
13、d it.Why not try _.A.three times B.a third time C.the third time D.once4-They are thirsty.Will you please give them _?-Certainly.A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of waterC.some bottle of water D.some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A.tooth B.feet C.hand D.ear
14、6There is some _ on the plate.A.cakes B.meat C.potato D.pears7In England,the last name is the _.A.family name B.middle C.given name D.full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans9The_ has two _.A.boys;watches B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watch10The little b
15、aby has two _ already.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A.idea B.key C.excuse D.news12-Its dangerous here.Wed better go out quickly.-But I think we should let _ go out first.A.woman and children B.women and childC.woman and child D.women and children13-You can see
16、Mr.Smith if there is a sign“_”on the door of his shop.-Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _?A.Childrens Day B.Childrenss Day C.Childrens Day D.Children Day15Where are the students?Are they in _?A.the Room 406 B.Room 406 C.the 406 Room D
17、.406 Room二.根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。1.Weve got a lot of new _(雜志)in our school library.2.Please turn to another _（頻道）,I dont like this show.3.Yesterday the _(航 班)to London was put off because of the bad weather.4.Autumn is my favourite (季節(jié))5.-How many _(小刀)do you have?-Three.6._ are widely used in th
18、e modern world.7.June 1st is _(兒童)Day.8.Mary,would you please tell me your new _(地址)so that I can write to you.9.-Does this piece of _(音樂)sound nice?-Yes.Its wonderful!10.May 12th is the International _(護(hù)士)Day.Lets say“Thanks”to them for their work.三.根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。1.“Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.”2.Ho
19、w many d_ does your uncle have?3.Please close the w_.Its cold outside.4.If you want study English well,you must pay attention to your p_.5.A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6.Zhang Hui is very excited.He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival.7.At the a_ of seven,the
20、 lonely girl had to work to make living.8.Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9.Health is more important to me than m_.10.Be careful!Its d_ to run across the street now.【練習(xí)答案】一1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3.flight 4.season 5.knives 6.Computers 7.Childrens 8.address 9.music 10.Nurses三 1.name 2.daughters 3.window 4.pronunciation 5.inventions 6.parents 7.age 8.hours 9.money 10.Dangerous
中考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：名詞考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練試題
