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1、中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：主謂一致考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練習(xí)題【考點(diǎn)直擊】1.語(yǔ)法一致的原則2.意義一致的原則3.鄰近一致的原則【名師點(diǎn)睛】謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。1.語(yǔ)法一致的原則（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.（2
2、）由 and 或 bothand 連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Both he and I are right.Mr.Black and Mrs.Black have a son called Tom.但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.（3）由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由 each,every修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：In our country every boy and
3、every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.（4）主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but,except,besides,with 等介詞短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.（5）一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
4、的名詞，如 people,police,cattle,clothes 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.（6）由 each,some,any,no,every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例如：Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.（7）有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如 glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例
5、如：Where are my shoes?I cant find them.Your trousers are dirty.Youd better change them.如果這類名詞前用了 a pair of 等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于 pair 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.2.意義一致的原則（1）表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：Twenty years is not a long time.Ten do
6、llars is too dear.（2）有些集合名詞，如 family,team 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：My family is big one.My family are watching TV.（3）不定代詞由 all,most,more,some,any,none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people
7、 have gone.（4）疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Who is your brother?Who are League members?（5）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要以 of 后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（6）ha
8、lf,the rest 等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：I have read a large part of the book,the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.（7）由 what 引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：What she said is correct.What she left me
9、 are a few old books.（8）凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞（或分詞）”作主語(yǔ)，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語(yǔ)指的是一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.3.鄰近一致的原則（1）由連詞 or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一
10、致。例如：Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.（2）在“There be”句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。There are two apples and one egg in it.（3）as well as 和名詞連用時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和第一個(gè)名詞相一致。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我，他對(duì)這件事也有責(zé)任。（4）以 here 開頭的句子，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。Here is a letter and
11、some books for you.【實(shí)例解析】1.(2004 年天津市中考試題)How time flies!Ten years _ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are 答案：B。該題考查的是主謂一致。Ten years 通常被看作是一個(gè)時(shí)間整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。2.(2004 年南通市中考試題)Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace.They havent been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone 答
12、案：D。該題考查的是主謂一致。如果由 not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同相鄰的主語(yǔ)保持一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因?yàn)樗麄冞€都沒(méi)有回來(lái)，所以用 has gone而不用 has been。3.(2004 年吉林市中考試題)Neither my father _ going to see the patient.A.nor I am B.nor I are C.or me are D.or me is 答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。Neithernor 是一組連詞，可連接連個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)同靠近的主語(yǔ) I 保持一致,因此應(yīng)選 A。4.(2004 年包頭市中考
13、試題)Look!There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deers C.is a number of deer D.is a number of deers 答案：A。該題考查的是主謂一致。這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是 a number of deer,是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（deer 單復(fù)數(shù)相同）【中考演練】一.選擇填空1.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A.is B.w
14、as C.are D.were2.-When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?-I havent decided._ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Not only;but also3._ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.A and B4._ o
15、f them has his own opinion.A.Both B.Some C.Every D.Each5.Are there any _ on the farm?A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep6.My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue.A.are;are B.are;isC.is;is D.is;are7.-Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes.Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A.is B.are C.was D.were
16、8.The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him.A.both B.none C.neither D.all9.Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time.A.be B.is C.are D.were10.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A.is B.was C.are D.were11.Most of the houses _ this year.A.has built B.have
17、 builtC.has been built D.have been built12.I think maths _ very difficult to learn.A.is B.are C.has D.have13.A large number of students _ to work in Xinjiang.A.have gone B.has gone C.goes D.is going14.The number of the students in the class _ small.A.are B.is C.have D.were15.There _ a lot of good ne
18、ws in todays newspaper.A.is B.are C.was D.were二.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1._(be)everything OK?2.Nobody _(know)the answer to the question.3.Ten divided by two _(be)five.4.Most of the drinking water _(be)from the Black River.5.Not only she but also I _(do)morning exercises every day.6.Either you or she _(have)made
19、 a wrong decision.7.The family _(be)spending the weekend together.8.Bread and butter _(be)her daily breakfast.9.The police _(be)trying to catch the thief.10.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.三.翻譯下列句子1.我們兩個(gè)人都沒(méi)有看這部電影。_.2.我的茶杯里沒(méi)有水了。_.3.不是他就是我要到哪兒去。
20、_.4.學(xué)生們和老師都不知道這件事。_.5.我們家正在一起度周末。_.【練習(xí)答案】一.1.B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A二.1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was;were三.1.Neither of us has seen the film.2.There is no water in my cup.3.Either he or I is going there.4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.5.Our family are spending the weekend together.
中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：主謂一致考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練習(xí)題
