外研版高一英語必修4 Module1 講解

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1、 外研必修四第一模塊講義 Will Smiles 第一部分：詞匯 1. alternative (1). adj.替換的；其他的；供選擇的 e. g. I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea. 我建議這次假期不到山上就到海邊去。 In the future, we will use more alternative energy, such as wave power an

2、d wind power. 將來我們不得不更多的其他能源，如潮汐能和風能。 If the first plan doesn’t work, we’ll have to carry out the alternative one. 如果第一計劃行不通，我們將不得不執(zhí)行代替方案。 (2). c. n.選擇；供選擇的東西 e. g. He knew he had to work hard: there was no alternative. =He had no alternative but to work hard. 他知道他必須努力工作，別無選擇。 The school is

3、 not far from his home, so he takes the alternative of walking. 學校離他家不遠，所以他選擇步行。 You have the alternative of speaking or of keeping quiet. 你或者發(fā)言或者保持肅靜。 It is a reasonable alternative to the present system. 這相對于現(xiàn)存的制度來說是一個合理的選擇。 構詞解析： alternative adj. 替換的；其他的；供選擇的 c. n. 選擇；供選擇的東西; alternative

4、ly adv. 供選擇地；代替地 2. load (1) c.n.裝載物（量）; 工作量；（精神等方面的）負擔，負荷 e. g. He climbed the hill with a heavy load on his back every day.他每天背負重物爬山。 The teachers’ work load in our school is about 10 hours a day. 我們學校老師的工作量每天約十個小時。 The sick child is a heavy load for his father to bear. 那個生病的小男孩讓他的父親心力交瘁。

5、 (2). vt.裝；裝載?? 常用短語：load …with…用……將……裝滿 ?e. g. They loaded the truck with bananas. (=They loaded bananas onto the truck.) 他們用卡車運香蕉。 The table was loaded with dishes. 桌子上擺滿了菜。 構詞解析： load c.n. 裝載物（量）; 工作量；（精神等方面的）負擔，負荷 vt. 裝；裝載 loaded adj.裝了貨的；滿載的 3. arrest （1）vt.逮捕，扣留；停止，阻止；吸引（注意等） e. g.

6、 The police arrested the criminal for selling drugs. 警察因為販賣毒品而逮捕了那個罪犯。 The treatment arrested the growth of the disease. 治療阻止了疾病的發(fā)展。 The bright lights arrested the baby’s attention.鮮艷的顏色吸引了嬰兒的注意力。 (2) n. 逮捕? 常用于短語：under arrest 逮捕；拘留 e. g. He is under arrest and awaiting trial.他已被逮捕正等候審判。 構詞解析：

7、 arrest vt. 逮捕，扣留；停止，阻止；吸引（注意等）n. 逮捕 arresting adj.引人注目的；醒目的 4. limit (1) c. n.界限；限制? （常用復數(shù)形式） 常見短語： a limit to/on 對于……的限制?? set a limit on/to限制……? the limit忍耐的極限 e. g. There is a limit to what I can do for you. 我能為你做的事是有限度的。 The task is too difficult for me. I know my limits. 這項任務對我來說太困難了，我知

8、道我能力有限。 This is the third time in a week that you have been late. ----it really is the limit. 這是你一周之內的第三次遲到了--- 實在令人無法忍受。 No smoking will be allowed within a future city’s limits. 在未來市區(qū)內將不準吸煙。 After his father’s death, John spent money without limits. 在他父親死后約翰揮霍無度。 (2) vt. to keep within a cer

9、tain size, amount, number, place etc. 限制；限定 e. g. The country made a decision to limit imports of foreign cars. 那個國家做出決定限制進口外國車輛。 There are not many eggs. We must limit ourselves to two eggs each. 雞蛋不多。我們每人只能限定吃兩個。 構詞解析： limit c. n界限；限制（常用復數(shù)形式）vt限制；限定; limited adj.有限的；不充分的; limitless adj. 無限

10、制的；無限的; limitation n.限定；限制 5. command (1) c. n. & u. n.命令；控制，控制權；運用能力 常用短語：under one’s command 在某人控制之下? in command 指揮；控制 in command of 指揮；控制…… at one’s command 隨心所欲的；可供某人使用的 e. g. Do it immediately when I give the command. 我一下命令就馬上行動。 Who is the officer in command here? 這兒誰負責？ He is in command

11、 of the troop. 這個部隊由他指揮。 Paul has a good command of English. 保爾英語掌握的很好。 He has a large amount of money at his command 他有很多錢可以自由支配。 (2) vt. vi.命令；指揮；能自由運用 常見用法：command + 名詞；command + sb. + to do; command +that + 主語+ （should） + do e. g. The teacher commanded silence. 老師要求大家安靜。 The police command

12、ed the criminal to stop. 警察命令那個罪犯停下。 His father commanded that he (should) stay at home to study. 他的父親命令他呆在家里學習。 The company commands considerable human resources.公司擁用可觀的人力資源。 注意：command后的that從句要用虛擬語氣，即：主語+ should + 動詞原形，should 可省。 構詞解析： command n命令；控制，控制權；運用能力;? vt. vi. 命令；指揮；能自由運用; commande

13、r n. 指揮官；司令官；commanding adj.揮揮的；在指揮位置的；有威嚴的 6. switch （1）c. n.開關; 轉換; 改變 e. g. There is something wrong with the light switch. 電燈開關壞了。 The switch to a free market economy will not be easy. 向自由市場經濟的轉變不容易。 （2）vt. vi. to change or exchange轉變，改變,開關電器 e. g. Let’s switch our seats (over). 讓我們交換

14、一下座位吧。 The wind has switched round from north to east. 風向從北轉向東了。 Wait until the lights have switched to green.等到（交通）燈變綠。 (3) 常見短語 switch on開（電燈等） e. g. When I switched on the light, I found the room had been robbed. 當我打開電燈時發(fā)現(xiàn)房間被洗劫過了。 switch off關（電燈等） e. g. Switch off when you have fi

15、nished using the computer. 用完電腦時把機關上。 switch over交換位置，完全轉變，換（電視、收音機等的）臺 e. g. She switched over from laughing at him to supporting him. 她從嘲笑轉向支持他。 I’m tired of this programme; switch (it) over to the other channel. 我厭倦了這種節(jié)目，換個臺吧。 注意：這三個短語都可兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞短語; 都可分開使用，如switch on the light即相當于swit

16、ch the light on; 當賓語為代詞時，要放在它們的中間，如switch it over。 構詞解析 switch c. n.開關; 轉換; 改變vt. vi. 轉變，改變, 開關電器 switchboard n.電話總機；交換臺; switchman n. 扳道工 7. attach vt.系；貼；連接；認為；賦予（重要性）；歸結于; 屬于 常用搭配：attach sth. to sth. e .g He attached a stamp to the envelope and mailed it. 他在信封上貼上郵票然后寄出去。 The boat was attac

17、hed to the tree with a rope. 那只船被用繩子拴在樹上。 She attaches great importance to regular exercise. 她認為定時鍛煉很重要。 The school is attached to Beijing Normal University. 這所學校附屬于北師大。 be attached to喜愛；依戀 e. g. He is deeply attached to the old computer.他非常愛惜那臺舊電腦。 I am strongly attached to my grandmother. 我深深

18、地依戀我的祖母。 構詞解析 attach vt. 系；貼；連接；認為；賦予（重要性）；歸結于; attachment n. 安裝；附屬；附屬品；眷戀 8. predict vt. 預言；預報 e. g. He predicted that I would be a very rich man in the future. 他預言我將來會成為一個很富有的人。 Is it possible to predict when one will die? 有可能預言人的死期嗎？ Most economists(經濟學家) predicted an increase in the coun

19、try’s economy. 大多數(shù)經濟學家預言這個國家的經濟會增長。 構詞解析 predict vt. 預言；預報; predictable adj. 可預言的；可預測的；predictably adv. 可預言地；果如預料地; prediction n. 預言；預報 8. shape (1) c. n. & u. n.;形狀；資態(tài)；情況 e. g. Supermarkets have plastic bags of different sizes and shapes. 超市有各種尺寸和形狀的塑料袋。 A hill in Suzhou looks like a lion

20、 in shape. 蘇州的一座小山看起來像獅子。 The patient was in good shape then. 病人那時身體狀況很好。 常見短語 take shape to develop towards completion (思想等)成形；具體化 e. g. An idea slowly took shape in his mind. 一個想法慢慢在他腦海里形成了。 （2）vt. to make for form使成形;；影響 e. g. Thebird shaped its nest from mud and sticks. = The bird shaped

21、 the mud and sticks into a nest. 那只鳥用用濕泥和樹枝筑巢。 The building is shaped like a huge bird nest. 那座建筑形狀像是一個巨大的鳥巢。 People’s political beliefs are often shaped by what they read in the newspapers. 人們的政治信仰通常是通過他們在報紙上所讀的東西形成的。 構詞解析 shape n. ;形狀；資態(tài)；情況 vt. 使成形; shapeless adj. 沒有形狀的；難看的；shapelessly adv.

22、 難看地；shapely adj.（尤指女人的體形）好看的；姿態(tài)曼妙的 第二部分：課文 1. No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 沒有人確切地知道，而且預測是一件冒險的事。 for sure certainly 肯定地 e. g. No one knows for sure what will happen in the future. 沒有人確切地知道明天會發(fā)生什么. We will win, that’s for sure. 我們會贏，這是一定的。 2. In the

23、future, care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run out. 在未來，愛護環(huán)境將會非常重要， 因為地球的自然資源面臨枯竭。 （1）care u. n. care在此處用作不可數(shù)名詞， 其作名詞時的意義和用法如下： 照料,注意,煩惱, 憂慮, 由...轉交 常用短語： take care 小心；保重；take care of 照料；照顧；注意； care of (郵件)由……轉交 e. g. Take care not to drop the

24、 glass. 注意不要把杯子掉在地上。 Who’s taking care of the baby while you are all away? 你們都外出時誰來照料嬰兒？ He handled the box with care, because he was afraid to break the vase in it. 他小心地搬運箱里，怕打碎里面的花瓶。 Care killed a cat. （諺語）憂慮傷身。 The new teacher was worried by all the cares of the class. 那位新老師因班級的各種瑣事而煩

25、惱。 Address my letter in care of Wang Peng. 我的郵件請由王朋轉交。 （2）run out（某物）用完；耗盡; (合同等)到期? 為不及物動詞短語，無被動語態(tài)。 e. g. Have you finished? Time is running out.做完了嗎？ 快沒有時間了。 Our petrol has run out. 我們的汽油已用完了。 辨析：run out/ run out of run out是不及物動詞短語，其后不可接賓語，不可用于被動語態(tài)；run out of 為及物動詞，其后可接賓語，有被動語態(tài)，相當于use u

26、p。 e. g. Earth’s natural resources are running out. 地球的自然資源將要用光了。 We are running our of earth’s natural resources.我們快要把地球的自然資源用盡了。 Their water ran out soon. 他們的水很快用光了。 Their water was soon run out of.他們的水很快（被）用光了。 3. We will also have to rely on alternative energy, such as solar and wind p

27、ower. 我們也不得不依賴其他能源，如太陽能和風能。 rely on/upon to trust; depend on 信任；依賴 常見用法： rely on sth./sb. 依賴；依靠；相信 rely on (sb.) doing.指望，依靠；相信（某人）會…… rely on sb. to do sth. 指望，依靠；相信某人會…… rely on it that…相信（某事會……） e. g. You may not rely on the weather report. 天氣預報不足為信。 Don’t rely on the bank lending

28、you the money. 別指望銀行會借錢給你。 You can rely on me to help you. (=You can rely on me for help) 你可以依靠我的幫助。 You may rely on it that he will do a good job of it.放心好了，他會做好這件事的。 They rely on the river for their water. 他們用水依賴那條河。 4. To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships wit

29、h waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems. 為解決垃圾問題，城市將把廢物裝進巨大的宇宙飛船，然后把它們送往太陽， 以避免出現(xiàn)垃圾填埋問題和環(huán)境問題。 get rid of to free oneself from sth. unwanted; to drive, send, throw, or give away or destroy除掉；處理掉；擺脫掉 e. g. These flies are so annoying. Let’s

30、get rid of them. 這些蒼蠅真煩人。消滅它們。 To get rid of garbage is a big problem in many cities. 在很多城市，清理垃圾都是一個大問題。 I haven’t gotten rid of my nasty cold yet.我的重感冒還沒好。 5. In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders. 在未來，所有的購物都將在網上進行，而且（商品）目錄

31、將通過語音指令訂購。 place orders make orders訂購 e. g. Our school has placed a large order for Founder Computer. 我們學校已訂購了大批方正電腦。 I placed an order for a newspaper to be delivered daily. 我訂了一份報紙，他們每天給我送。 5. In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to pla

32、ce orders. 在未來，所有的購物都將在網上進行，而且（商品）目錄將通過語音指令訂購。 place orders make orders訂購 e. g. Our school has placed a large order for Founder Computer. 我們學校已訂購了大批方正電腦。 I placed an order for a newspaper to be delivered daily. 我訂了一份報紙，他們每天給我送。 6. All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softba

33、ll, concerts and others will be provided free of charge by the city. 所有的娛樂形式，如電影，保齡球，壘球，音樂會及其他等等都將由城市免費提供。 free of charge at no cost 免費 e. g. Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten-mile limit. 你訂購的產品在十英里范圍內免費送貨。 All the brochures are given away free of charge. 所有的小冊子都是免費贈送的

34、。 拓展： for free 免費 e. g. You can visit the garden for free after 6 p.m..下午六點以后，你可以免費參觀這個公園。 7. Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.隨著每個城市擁有自己的遠程門診部，醫(yī)生將能在數(shù)千里以外實施手術，遠程手術將變的非

35、常普通。 (1) carry out執(zhí)行；實施；完成（計劃，實驗等）；履行（義務，職責等） e. g. A survey is now being carried out nationwide. 一項調查正在全國范圍內展開。 This plan sounds good. But it’s very hard to carry out in practice. 這項計劃聽起來很好。但實際執(zhí)行起來很困難。 By the end of last month, our factory had carried out its production plan for this year.

36、 到上月底，我們廠已完成了今年的生產計劃。 As a monitor, you should carry out your duty and help teachers to have discipline in the class. 作為班長，你應當履行你的職責，幫老師維持課堂紀律。 拓展 carry on繼續(xù) e. g. We can carry on our discussion after lunch.我們可以在午飯后繼續(xù)討論。 Even after the bell for class ran, they carried on talking, which m

37、ade the teacher very angry. 甚至在上課鈴響后他們仍繼續(xù)講話，這使得老師很生氣。 carry away拿走；沖走；使失去理智；迷住 e. g. Marry was so carried away when arguing with her husband that she hit him. 瑪麗在和她的丈夫爭吵時喪失了理智，以至于打了他。 I got carried away by the beauty of the music. 我被這美麗的音樂迷住了。 (2). with each city having its own telesurgery

38、 outpatient clinic為獨立結構，用作伴隨狀語。其構成為：with + 賓語+ 賓補（現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞知短語， 不定式等） e. g. He lay still on the floor, with his dog sleeping beside him. 他靜靜地躺在地板上，他的狗睡在旁邊。 He went out, without a word spoken. 他出去了，一句話也不說。 Don’t speak with your mouth full.滿嘴食物時不要說話。 What a lonely world it would be

39、 with you away. 沒有你在身邊，這個世界將會多么寂寞啊。 He was standing there with his hands in his pockets. 他站在那兒，兩手插在布袋里。 8. for a start首先 e. g. It won’t wok: for a start, it would take too long, and secondly it would cost too much. 它不會有效果的；首先，它將花費很長時間，其次，它的代價太高。 Tom should not be sent to carry out the task

40、, for a start he hasn’t had enough experience. 湯姆不應當被派去執(zhí)行這項任務，首先他沒有足夠的經驗。 10. Not all predictions come true.并不是所有的預言都能成為現(xiàn)實。 not 與all, every, both連用時，表示部分否定，而非全部否定。 e. g. Not all students are good in English. 并不是所有的學生英語都好。 Not all the people present at the meeting supported his plan. (=All the

41、people present at the meeting didn’t support his plan. ) 并不是所有出席會議的人都支持他的計劃。 注意：無論not位于句首還是句中，都表示部分否定。 表示全部否定，需用none, neither。 e. g. None of them liked the movie.他們都不喜歡這部電影。 第三部分：語法 本模塊的語法是將來進行時。下面我們就將對其用法進行詳細探究。 1. 將來進行時的句型結構 will/shall + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 shall用于第一人稱I和we，will可用于各人稱。而在美式英語中所有人

42、稱都用will。 2. 將來進行時的用法 (1). 表示在將來某一時間段內正在進行的動作。常與at 7 o’clock tonight, next year, by this time tomorrow等時間狀語連用。有時沒有明確的時間狀語。 e. g. I will be studying in America next year. 我明年將在美國學習。 By this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach. 明天這個時間，我會正躺在沙灘上。 We shall be working in a big modern offi

43、ce building. 我們將在一個很大的現(xiàn)代化辦公樓里工作。 (2) 表已經決定或安排好要發(fā)生的動作或事情。 e. g. We shall be meeting in Carrifour at 6 o’clock this afternoon. 我們定于今天下午六點在家樂福見面。 Tom will be seeing his friend off at the airport tomorrow. 湯姆明天將于機場為他的朋友送行。 (3) 預測將來會發(fā)生的事情，表將來的某種可能性。 e. g. If we keep working hard like this,

44、 we will be making a miracle. 如果我們繼續(xù)這樣努力工作的話，我們會創(chuàng)造奇跡的。 (4) 將來進行時除表示未來以外，還可表示親切或委婉的語氣。 e. g. I shall be thinking of you. 我會想你的。 Will you be staying here long? 你會在長時間呆這兒嗎？ 辨析：現(xiàn)在進行時/將來進行時 兩者都可以用來表將來的動作。但現(xiàn)在進行時通常用于表示不遠的將來的動作，而且有確定的時間，而將來進行時則可以和確定的時間狀語連用，也可以不用，既可以表示不遠的將來的動作，也可以表示較遠的將來的動作。 e. g. We are meeting him tomorrow/ We will be meeting him tomorrow.我們明天將會見到他。 We will be meeting him next year. 我們明年將會見到他。（注意此句不可用進行時，因為明年是較遠的將來時間） 第 14 頁 共 14 頁