Unit_12_（第2課時(shí)）學(xué)案_（新版）人教新目標(biāo)版

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1、 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. 【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 1. Past perfect Tense 過去完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：had＋過去分詞 2. 過去完成時(shí)可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn) 的狀態(tài)。也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。 【自主梳理】 bell, ring, go off, rush, run off, on time, give sb． a ride, lock, break down By the time I got there, the bus had already left． By

2、 the time I woke up, my father had already gone into the bathroom 【重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟】 過去完成時(shí)可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。 【探究提升】 基本用法 （1）表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”。可以用by, before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200

3、 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。 （2）表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。 （3）敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的

4、事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過去完成時(shí)。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。 （4）在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed.

5、我已歸還了我借的書。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丟失的鑰匙找到了。 （5）過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他說他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6） 狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般

6、過去時(shí)。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引導(dǎo)的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來時(shí)雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。 注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)?這 時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。 例如： After he arrived

7、 in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。 （7）動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。 例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我們本來希望能來看看你。 （8）過去完成時(shí)還

8、可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。 例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)

9、了。 時(shí)間狀語before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than，yet，already等。 【鞏固訓(xùn)練】 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．He asked me __A___ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _D___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C

10、 did, did. D. had, done 3. I ___C___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ___A___lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I

11、 __A___ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __D________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 【學(xué)習(xí)反思】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________