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1、1 1性質(zhì)性質(zhì)：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著：它具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的作用，即：定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的作用，即：除除謂語(yǔ)以外的一切成分。謂語(yǔ)以外的一切成分。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2形式形式不定式不定式 相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ).分詞分詞 相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表
2、語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。 一 動(dòng)詞不定式 The Infinitive (to do )不 定 式 的不 定 式 的 作 用作 用不定式的不定式的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)不定式的不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式不定式1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)2. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)3. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)5. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)6. 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 1. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 2. _( help ) others is our duty. To talkTo help3. 如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在不定式前如果要說明不定式表示
3、的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由加一個(gè)由 for for 引起的短語(yǔ)引起的短語(yǔ), ,構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以用可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ).It is our duty to help others4. It is+adj+for sb to do It is+adj+ of sb to do4. It is important _ Tom to get that job. It is kind _ you to help me with myforof1不定式作主語(yǔ)：不定式作主語(yǔ)：3.It is easy_ _ (學(xué)生讀學(xué)生
4、讀)(adj: kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, careless, rude, polite,naughty（修飾人的形容詞）（修飾人的形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）1.單個(gè)不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)單個(gè)不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)for the students to read.1. Her work is _( look ) after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHuaUniversity. 3. She seemed _(
5、think ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said.to lookto goto thinkto agree2不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作不定式作be動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以和主語(yǔ)部分調(diào)換，動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以和主語(yǔ)部分調(diào)換，說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。：want, demand, hope, wish, expect,fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, i
6、ntend. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.to getto beto goto give3不定式作賓語(yǔ)：不定式作賓語(yǔ)：1.He found _Russian.(study/important)2.The computer makes_(possible/ calculate faster
7、)如作賓語(yǔ)的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，須用先行詞如作賓語(yǔ)的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，須用先行詞 it作作 形式賓語(yǔ)，形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)不定式后置。而將真正的賓語(yǔ)不定式后置。 有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常見的動(dòng)詞有有些及物動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常見的動(dòng)詞有it important to studyit possible to calculate faster.句式：句式：Subject+v+it+adj/n+to dothink, find, feel, consider, make1.He seldom comes except _at my pictures.(look)2.We have n
8、o choice but _outside.(wait)3.They could do nothing but _for help.(ask)不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如 ：but, except等后才行，此時(shí)不定式可帶等后才行，此時(shí)不定式可帶 to 或不帶或不帶 to。 注意注意to lookto waitask 5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe） 3使（使（make, let, have）；）；2聽（聽（listen to, hear）；）； 1感覺（感覺（feel）。）。1.Th
9、e teacher made the boy_( go )out of the classroom2.We observed them_(finish)the work3.He was made_(tell) a story4.Let us_( have) a rest.5.The teacher got the students _(hand )in homework.“吾看三室兩廳一感覺吾看三室兩廳一感覺”主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) s+v +sb + do .被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。S+be +v ed+ to doA 1. I didnt want my parents _( help ) me.
10、2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.B4.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).+V+sb to dogohave to hand to tell to help to takefinish let sb do sth get sb to do sth1.He was the first person_to the classroom (come)2. Do you have anything_ ?(say)3. He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom.to say to come to p
11、unish 4. We need a room to live5. We have a lot of problems to talk作定語(yǔ)的不定式如是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。作定語(yǔ)的不定式如是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。5.不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)inabout目的狀語(yǔ)還可用目的狀語(yǔ)還可用 in order to 或或so as to結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)還可用結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)還可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示等結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示1. _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had
12、 an operation on her.2. 2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.不定式在作表語(yǔ)不定式在作表語(yǔ)/ 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式后面作狀語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意思。表被動(dòng)意思。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember)6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)To save to find作目的、結(jié)果要用不定式。作目的、結(jié)
13、果要用不定式。 to answer to work to remember1._ (實(shí)話實(shí)說實(shí)話實(shí)說), he doesnt agree with you. 2. （誠(chéng)實(shí)說（誠(chéng)實(shí)說)，I dont like your idea To tell (you) the truthTo be honest3._（首先），（首先）， Beijing is a very beautiful city。7.不定式作獨(dú)立成分不定式作獨(dú)立成分To begin with8.不定式與疑問詞不定式與疑問詞who, which, when, where, who, which, when, where, how, wh
14、at how, what 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)?shù)冗B用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等。主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等。1.He didnt know what to say.2.How to solve the problem is important. 3.My question is when to start. 1.I saw him_.2.I plan to attend the meeting_ tomorrow4.Im sorry _ you waiting.5.The article is said _ by many people. go outto be held
15、3.He pretended _ (sleep)when I came in. to be sleepingto have keptto have been read9.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)：不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)：1）不定式的）不定式的一般式一般式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)不定式表示的動(dòng)作常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。2）不定式的）不定式的進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式：不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行3）不定式的）不定式的完成式完成式：不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 to do /to be done to be doing to have doneto have been done
動(dòng)詞不定式 (2)
