高考英語總復習 語法強攻 情景交際課件.ppt

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情景交際,Ⅰ.社會交往一、問候1.基本用語:1)見面問候：Goodmorning.Hello/Hi.…2)代向某人問候：Bestwishes/regardstosb.＝giveone’sregardstosb.＝giveone’sbestregardstosb.,知識梳理,3)替某人向……問好：say“Hi/Hello”tosb.fromsb.＝giveone’sregardstosb.Pleaseremembermeto...回答：Iwill.Thanks.,4)—Howdoyoudo?(初次見面)—Howdoyoudo?—Howareyou?(比較熟悉的人)—Fine,thankyou.Andyou?/Verywell,thankyou.—Howareyougettingalongwith...?—Everythingisfine!—Howareyoudoing?—I’mjustgreat!,—Howiseverything?—Verywell,thankyou!—Howisyourvacation/holiday/weekend?—Notbad!—What’sup?—Couldn’tbebetter,thankyou!—What’sgoingon?—Justso-so.,,2.注意要點：1)“Howareyou?”用于詢問對方的身體情況，可根據(jù)實際情況回答，如：Fine/Verywell,thankyou.(very)good不能用來表示身體健康。假如身體確實不太舒服并想讓對方知道，不妨說“Nottoowell,I’mafraid.”,2)對于不認識的人，想要他(或她)停下的說法：Hey,Sir/Madam！或Justamoment,Sir/Madam.3)與英美人見面寒暄時，不應問及他(或她)的年齡、婚否、收入等個人隱私情況。,二、介紹1.基本用語:1)ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/...MayIintroduceyouto...?I’dlikeyoutomeet...2)Howdoyoudo?Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.Nicemeetingyou...3)Mynameis...I’ma...(student/teacher，etc.)MayIknowyourname?,,2．注意要點:1)“Nicetomeetyou.”與“Nicetoseeyou.”有一點區(qū)別：前者是初次見面被人介紹相識后的寒暄用語(認識你很高興)；后者與前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之間一段時間未見面后再次相遇。兩者回答用語與問候語相同。2)“Nicetomeetyou.”表示初次見面時的問候，而“Nicemeetingyou.”則是初次見面告別時的用語。,三、告別1．基本用語:1)直接的告別語有：Goodbye/Byebye/Bye！Seeyou(tomorrow)！Seeyoulater!Farewell!Goodnight.2)委婉的告別語有：I’dliketosaygoodbyetoeveryone.I’mcallingtosaygoodbye.,,I’mafraidImustbeleaving/offnow.Ithinkitstimeforustoleavenow.3)其他帶有祝愿以及叮囑等意義的告別語：I’lllookforwardtoseeingyousoon.Let’shopewe’llmeetagain.Hopetoseeyouagain.Dropinanytimeyoulike.,2．注意要點:告別前通常要說一兩句客套話，如：I’mafraidImustbeoff/goingnow.長久告別時，還可同時表達希望今后多聯(lián)系(Keep/Getintouch.)、要對方保重身體(Takecare.)、問候?qū)Ψ郊胰?Pleasesendmybestregardstoyourfamily.)等。,四、感謝基本用語:1)感謝用語：Thankyouverymuch．Thanksalot.Manythanks.Thanksfor...It’sverykindofyouto...,Iappreciateyourhelp.Thankyouallthesame.It’smostthoughtfulofyou.Idon’tknowhowtoexpressmythanks.,2)答語：Notatall.That’sallright/OK.You’rewelcome.It’sreallynothing.Don’tmentionit.,五、道歉1.基本用語:1)道歉用語：I’msorry.I’msorryfor/about...I’msorrytodo...I’msorrytohavedone...Excuse/Pardonme(for...)Pleaseforgivemefor...sb.beafraidthat...Whatapity/shame!It’sapitythat...,2)答語：Itisnotimportant.It’squiteallright.Nevermind.Itdoesn’tmatter(atall).Notatall.It’snothing.That’snothing.Pleasedon’tworry.It’snothingtoworryabout.Don’tmentionit.That’sokay.Don’tletitbotheryou.,2．注意要點:1)“Excuseme”常用于下列情形：需要打斷別人談話或工作時；有求于他人時；因故需要暫時離開時；就某事表示不同意見時；自己的言行將會影響他人時。(即：在說或做可能令人不悅的事情之前使用以引起別人注意)打擾別人為“勞駕”；請求別人讓路、向別人問路、打聽消息意為“對不起，請問……”?；卮饡r說：Yes?,2)“Sorry.”說話人做了錯事或無意中與別人發(fā)生沖撞時于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能滿足他人要求而表示歉意。3)“Ibegyourpardon?”表示聽話人未能聽清楚他人所說的話，希望說話人重復所說的話時的禮貌用法，“麻煩再說一遍”。4)“I’msorrytohearit/that.”則是對說話者本人或近親屬已經(jīng)發(fā)生的不幸表示遺憾。,,六、邀請1．基本用語:1)Wouldyoucometo...?Wouldyouliketo...?I’dliketoinviteyouto...2)Yes,I’dlove/beglad/happyto(...)．I’llbegladto.Ofcourse.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.Yes,great.Sure.Yes,withpleasure.3)I’dloveto,but...I’msorry,butIcan’t.,2.注意要點:1)接受他人邀請時通常還要表示一下感謝：Yes,I’dloveto.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.Yes,withpleasure.2)如果是稍有保留地接受，可這樣說：IwillifIcan.It’sverykindofyoutoinviteme,butI’mnotsureifIcancome.,,3)拒絕他人的邀請一般不直接說No，而要婉言謝絕(通常會說明理由)，并要聲明自己是愿意接受“邀請”的，但因某種原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感謝。常用：I’dliketo,butI’mtoobusy.Ireallyenjoyit,butI’vegottogonow.IwishIcouldacceptyourinvitation,butI’mafraidIdon’thavetimetogo.Thankyouforyourkindness,butI’vegotanappointmentatthattime.,七、祝愿和祝賀基本用語：1)Bestwishestoyou!Iwishyougoodhealth.Goodluck!Goodluckwith...Wishyousuccess！Mayyousuccess/succeed!2)MerryChristmas！3)Congratulations(on...)！Welldone!4)Enjoyyourvacation！EnjoyyourstayinChina.,八、提供幫助基本用語：1)提供幫助：Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Isthereanything(else)Icandoforyou?Wouldyouliketo...?Canyoudomeafavor?,2)接受幫助：Thatwouldbenice/fine.Thatsverykindofyou.Thankyouforyourhelp.Yes,please.Here,takethis/my...,九、打電話1.基本用語:Hello！MayIspeakto...?Hello！Is...in?May/CouldIspeakto...?Isthat...(speaking)?Holdon,please.Hello,whoisit/that?He/Sheisn’thererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?Thisis...speaking.,2.注意要點:代接電話的人叫某人接電話時，先對打電話的人說：Holdon,please.Justaminute,please.然后叫人接電話：Youarewantedonthephone.There’sacallforyou.,十、就餐基本用語:Whatwouldyoulike(tohave)...?Wouldyoulikesomething(toeat/drink)?Helpyourselftosome...Letmegiveyou...Makeyourselfathome.I’dlike...Acake/Twoeggs,please.Yes,please.Justalittle,please.I’vehadenough.I’mfull,thankyou.No,thanks.,CanIhavethebill,please?It’smytreatthistime.I’llpay.Let’sgoDutchthistime.Waiter!Thebill,please.,十一、就醫(yī)聽到自己的親人、朋友或熟人等談到有關(guān)身體健康的問題時，如“IthinkIhaveabadcold.”如果是朋友，回答“I’msorrytohearthat.”或“You’dbetterseeadoctor.”如果是說給醫(yī)生聽，醫(yī)生需用“Takeiteasy.”來回答。1)醫(yī)生詢問病人的用語：What’sthematterwithyou？What’swrongwithyou?,2)病人應答語：There’ssomethingwrongwithmyback.Ihaveaheadache/Myheadaches.Ihavegotacough.Ihavegotapainhere.Ithurtshereandthere.Idon’tfeelwelltoday.,3)醫(yī)生診斷、提建議及安慰用語：Letmetakeyourtemperature.It’snothingserious.Youhadbetteraskforaleaveandhavearestforafewdays.Drinkmorewaterandhaveagoodrest.Takethesepills3timesaday.,十二、提醒注意Don’tforgetyourraincoat.Remembertolockthedoor.Makesurethatallthewindowsareclosed.NoSmoking!NoSpitting!Lookout!Becareful!Wetfloor!Don’ttouch!It’sdangerous!Keepoff!Wetpaint!,十三、建議與勸告以建議或者勸告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，因為說話人只是提出建議，而把做與不做的決定權(quán)留給聽話人。對于他人提出的建議和忠告，若認為可以接受，要表示贊賞或感謝。在拒絕對方的建議時，一般要給出理由。,基本用語：1)Iadviseyou(not)to...You’dbetter(not)...Isuggestthatyou(should)...Whynot...?Whydon’tyoudo...?How/Whataboutdoing...?Shallwe...?Let’s...,2)Yes,Isupposeso.Yes,butdon’tyouthink...?That’sgreat.That’sagoodidea.Whynot?3)That’simpossible,butthankyouallthesame.It’snotourfault.I’mafraidIcan’tdothat.I’mafraidIcan’tfollowyouradvice.,Ⅱ.情感一、高興I’mglad/pleased/happyto...That’snice/wonderful/great.Howwonderful/nice!二、驚奇Really?/Isthatso?Ohdear！/MyGod！Goodheavens!/ThankGoodness！Icanhardlybelievemyears/eyes.,三、憂慮What’swrong？What’sthematter(withyou)?Isthereanythingwrong?Oh,whatshallIdo?Wewereallanxiousabout...,四、滿意Good！Welldone！Perfect!That’sfine.That’sbetter.That’sgoodenough.I’mpleasedwith…五、遺憾I’msosorry！It’sagreatpity！Whatashame!That’stoobad!IwishIhadnevergivenitup.IfIhadbeenthere,hewouldnothavemadesuchaseriousmistake.,六、同情I’msosorry!I’msosorryaboutyourillness.I’msorrytohearyouaregoingaway.Pleaseacceptmydeepsympathy.,Ⅲ.態(tài)度一、同意與不同意當對方提出某種觀點、意見或請求時，要表示恰當而具體的態(tài)度。要有明確答復。1.同意：Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Allright.Yes,Ithinkso.That’strue.Good!Excellent!Whatagoodidea!Itcouldn’tbebetter.That’sagoodidea...It’sagoodideathat...Iagree(withyou).That’stherightthingtodo.,2.不同意：No,Idon’tthinkso.I’mafraidnot.I’mafraidI(really)can’tagreewithyou.It’snotverynice.Idon’tthinkthatisagoodidea.Personally,Ifeelthatit’sunwise.Whataterribleidea！Noway！,二、肯定與不肯定對某件事情的真實性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英語中常用sure，certain，doubt等詞或may，might，must等情態(tài)動詞表達。may，might具有試探性，must表示一種邏輯推斷的必然。此外，為了增強客氣的口吻，表示不肯定時可以伴隨一些表示遺憾、擔憂或歉意的表達方式。,三、可能與不可能Hemay...Itispossiblethat...Itislikelythat...Heisnotlikelytodo/that...Itlooksasif/thoughitmightrainlater.Itappearstomethatwe’llhavetogoonfoot.Idoubtthat...That’s/It’squiteimpossible.It’sveryunlikely.That’shardlypossible.That’llneverhappen.,四、偏愛與愛好Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?Ipreferteatocoffee.prefertodoratherthandopreferdoingtodoingI’dliketogobytrain.Myfavoritesubjectisphysics.I’dratherdrinkcoffeethantea.,五、意愿與打算當希望別人做某事或者不愿意讓別人做某事，或者表達自己的一種希望、愿望時需要恰當用詞，這樣才能準確地傳達自己的意圖。I’mgoingto...Iwill...Iwouldliketo...Ifeellike...I(donot)wish/want/hopeto...Iwishthat...Iintend/mean/planto...,I’mreadyto...Iwouldrathernottellyou.IwoulddoitifIshouldhavethechance.IfonlyIcouldseehim.,六、征求或表達意見在表明自己對事物的判斷時，好壞要明確，是非要分明。尤其在對方干得比較出色時，要多加鼓勵。如Welldone！Goodjob！Quiteperfect！等。如果要陳述自己的某些觀點時，英語中一般要使用一些較委婉的短語，如：inmyopinion,asIseeit,sofarasIknow,personallyspeaking等。,交際用語的考查點相對集中。主要考查社會交往中的一些日常交際用語。以應答為主，提問為輔；以跨文化交際中差異明顯的交際項目為重點考查對象。1.考查習慣應答語。問候、告別、打電話、問路、看病、購物、感謝、道歉、祝愿、請求等常見的交際話題均有其較為固定的套語。用英美人的思維方式，遵循習慣進行回答。常見回答用語主要有以下幾個方面：,考點歸納,1)常用于接受或拒絕請求、邀請的應答用語有：Withpleasure./Yes,helpyourself./Noproblem./Goodidea./Sorry,but…/I’dratheryou…/Thankyou,but…/Noway./Forgetit.等。2)常用于感謝的應答用語有：That’sallright./Youarewelcome./Don’tmentionit./Itismypleasure(Mypleasure)./Notatall.等。,3)常用于道歉的應答用語有：Nevermind./Itdoesn’tmatter./Notatall./That’sallright./Thatisnothing.等。4)常用于祝愿和祝賀的應答用語有：Goodluck!/Bestwishestoyou!/Haveanicetime!/Congratulations!/MerryChristmas!/Thankyou./Thesametoyou.等。,2.考查文化差異語。漢語和英語在交際文化方面有許多共同之處，但也存在諸多差異。這些差異往往是考查的重中之重。避免母語交際定式的干擾，根據(jù)英語的文化交際習慣來應答是掌握文化差異的關(guān)鍵。,3.考查語言結(jié)構(gòu)語。根據(jù)不同的交際情景，說話者會采用不同的交際用語來表達自己的態(tài)度和情感。當說話人對剛剛提出的說法或意見持肯定態(tài)度時，可以說：Yes，Ithink(suppose,believe)so./Yes,I’mafraidso.對剛剛提出的說法或意見持否定態(tài)度時，則說：No，Idon’tthink(suppose)so./No,Idon’tbelieveso./No,Ibelieve(suppose)not./No,Ihopenot./No,Iamafraidnot.,1.—Readingisthebestwaytopasstimeonthetrain.—________.Inevergotravellingwithoutabook.A.YouarejokingB.ThatstrueC.Idon‘tthinksoD.Itsoundslikefun,B,2.—Imsorryforbreakingthecup.—Oh,________—Ivegotplenty.A.forgetitB.mypleasureC.helpyourselfD.pardonme3.—________！Somebodyhasleftthelabdooropen.—Dontlookatme.A．DearmeB．Hi,thereC．ThankgoodnessD．Comeon,A,A,4.—IsAnnecomingtomorrow?—________．Ifsheweretocome,shewouldhavecalledme.A．GoaheadB．CertainlyC．ThatsrightD．Idontthinkso5.—Howaboutdinnertonight?Itsonme.—________．A.YouarewelcomeB.Oh,IdliketoC.Well,ImafraidsoD.Thatsallright,D,B,6.—IamgoingtoSpainforaholidaysoon.—________.A.ItsmypleasureB.NevermindC.LeaveitaloneD.Goodforyou7.—CouldIusethisdictionary?—________.Itsaspareone.A.GoodideaB.JustgoaheadC.YourewelcomeD.Youdbetternot,D,B,鞏固練習,—I’msorry,Sir.Igotstuckintheheavysnowonthewaytoworkthismorning.—____youweresolate.Itisnoneofyourbusiness.A.GoaheadB.ForgetitC.NowonderD.Noway解析：goahead“繼續(xù)”;forgetit“沒關(guān)系;算了”;nowonder“難怪”;noway“沒門”。,2.—Youknowwhat?IamgoingtoShanghaionafreetripthisweekend.—____.A.Goodforyou!B.Itisnoneofmybusiness.C.Youmusthavebeencheated.D.Sowhat?解析：Goodforyou!你真行!Itisnoneofmybusiness這不關(guān)我的事;Youmusthavebeencheated你肯定被騙了;Sowhat?那又怎樣?,3.—Myfatherisinhospitalagain.—____.Ihopehe’llrecoversoon.A.It’sOKB.SorrytohearthatC.AllrightD.Don’tmentionit解析：Sorrytohearthat聽到那件事我很難過;It’sOK/Allright好的;Don’tmentionit別客氣。,4.—Willyoucompletethetaskintime?—Sure,Iwill.____.A.EverythingispossibleB.Butit’stoohardC.NomatterwhatwillhappenD.Thoughit’sapieceofcake解析：此處答語部分相當于Sure,Iwillcompletethetaskintime,nomatterwhatwillhappen。Nomatterwhatwillhappen是一個讓步狀語從句。,5.—Ittookmetwentyyearstobuildupmybusiness,anditalmostkilledme.—Well,youknowwhattheysay.____.A.ThereisnosmokewithoutfireB.PracticemakesperfectC.AllroadsleadtoRomeD.Nopains,nogains解析：“花了我二十年時間成就事業(yè),費了不少勁”可知,另一方則表達了觀點“不勞無獲(Nopains,nogains)”。,6.—Doyouenjoytheseafoodhere?—____,butI’vegotusedtoitanyway.A.Can’tlikeitbetterB.NotreallyC.NotbadactuallyD.I’mreallysorry,7.—It’sbeenrainingforawholeweek.Ithinkit’llgetfinesoon.—____.Wearegettingintotherainyseasonnow.A.Yes,itwillB.OfcoursenotC.It’spossibleD.It’shardtosay解析：一方認為“天很快會轉(zhuǎn)晴”,另一方則表示一種“不肯定”的看法:很難說。,8.—DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?—____.Ifeelabitcold.A.OfcoursenotB.I’dratheryoudidn’tC.GoaheadD.Pleasecloseit解析：考查回答Doyoumindif...的用語。根據(jù)Ifeelabitcold可知,此處表示“我寧愿你別開”。故選B。,9.—ItwasannouncedthatanotherstudentinourschoolhadwonthefirstprizeforChinaHighSchoolChemistryOlympiad.—Oh,really?____Hemusthaveputalotofworkintoit.A.Thatsoundsfine.B.That’squitesomething.C.That’sagoodpoint.D.Getamoveon.解析：That’squitesomething.表示對上面所說情況的贊揚和肯定,“真了不起”。,10.—I’mnotgoodattabletennis,youknow.—____.We’replayingforfun.Justtryandyou’llseeyoucandoit.A.Well,itdepends.B.Takeyourtime.C.Comeon!D.That’sOK.解析：A“好的,看情況而定”;B“別著急”;C“(用于鼓勵他人)來吧”;D“好的”。,