2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 單元知識匯總 Book 7 Unit 20 New Frontiers 北師大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 單元知識匯總 Book 7 Unit 20 New Frontiers 北師大版 重點識記詞匯 1.mass n.質(zhì)量；物質(zhì)；adj.大量的 2.latter n.后者 3.handy adj.方便使用的 4.shortly adv.不久；很快 5.download vt.下載 6.update vt.更新 7.conflict n.爭執(zhí)；沖突 8.equality n.平等 9.stain n.污跡，污點 10.starvation n.饑餓 11.in advance預(yù)先 12.welfare n.福利 13.give away泄露(秘密) 14.take over接管，接收 15.rescue vt.&n.拯救，救援 16.original adj.起初的；最早的 17.assess vt.評價；評估 18.assist vt.幫助；協(xié)助 19.procedure n.步驟；程序 20.correspond vi.通信；符合 21.meanwhile adv.同時 22.outspoken adj.直言的，坦率的 23.cure vt.治愈 24.exploration n.探測；探險 25.phenomenon n.現(xiàn)象 26.press vt.按；壓 27.permanent adj.長久的，永久的 28.enterprise n.企業(yè) 29.worn adj.磨損的→wear vi.磨損 30.instructor n.指導(dǎo)者；教練→instruct v.教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo) 31.donate vt.捐贈；贈送→donation n.捐贈 32.poison n.毒藥；毒物；v.毒害→poisonous adj.有毒的 33.declare vt.宣告；宣布→declaration n.宣告；宣布 34.permit vt.許可，允許；n.許可證；通行證→permission n.允許，許可 35.technical adj.技術(shù)上的→technique n.技術(shù)，技巧→technology n.工藝學(xué)；技術(shù) 必背經(jīng)典句式 1.By the year 2030，development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years. 到2030年，生物化學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展將能夠在理論上使人類生命延長到至少150歲。 2.Due to China’s rapidly developing space programme，this could be sooner rather than later. 由于中國太空計劃的快速發(fā)展，這可能會提前而不會推遲完成。 3.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would have been a pletely different place. 要是沒有先驅(qū)們在科技上的這些尖端突破，不管這些突破是僥幸的還是計劃之中的，今天我們所知道的世界就會是一個完全不同的地方。 4.I think there will be an invention that will help prevent drivers from getting stuck in traffic jams. 我想將會有一種有助于防止司機(jī)困于交通阻塞的發(fā)明。 構(gòu)詞記憶 　payment /′peIm?nt/n.[U]支付；支付的款項/實物 punishment /′p?nI?m?nt/n.[U]&[C]處罰；懲罰；刑罰 statement /′steItm?nt/n.[C]聲明；陳述 treatment /′tri?tm?nt/n.[U]1.對待；待遇　2.治療；療法 Ⅰ.詞匯與派生 A．語境填詞 1．Too much time was spent arguing about procedure(程序)． 2．We should listen closely to the outspoken(直率的) criticisms. 3．She stopped corresponding(通信) with him after the death of her mother. 4．The fresh air and exercise cured(治愈) him of his headache. 5．How can I get this stain(污跡) out? 6．The government lays stress on welfare(福利) work. 7．Millions of people will face starvation(饑餓) next year as a result of the drought. 8．This pany is one of the largest enterprises(企業(yè)) of its kind. 9．There appeared to be a war between his head and his heart，and you could almost watch this conflict(沖突) going on. 10．She won praise for rescuing(挽救) an ailing business from near bankruptcy. B．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 11．You will be instructed (instructor) where to go as soon as the plane is ready. 12．On the first day he went to school，the boy wore (wear) his school cap proudly. 13．It also gives advice on how and when doctors should raise the issue of organ donation (donate). 14．A lot of poisonous (poison)waste water es from that chemical factory. 15．She has to apply for a permit if she wants to get permitted/permission to start her own business.(permit) Ⅱ.短語運用 A．用方框內(nèi)所給動詞短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 give away，figure out，make up for，take over，e into conflict，cure...of...，rescue...from，make a great breakthrough，look into，donate...to... 16.Could you give me some tips on how to make up for the time I have lost? 17．Next you need to figure out how to get over those obstacles. 18．Mr.Bush feels that he is old，so his son will soon take over his business. 19．He often es into conflict with his roommates，which makes them annoyed. 20．Doctors are now able to cure people of many diseases which in former times would have killed them. 21．The little boy gave away his hiding place when he coughed. 22．And I would definitely donate money to the poor people. 23．Hubbe was making a great breakthrough in exploring the space. 24．They are looking into the cause of the accident. 25．He rescued a child from drowning. B．用方框內(nèi)所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 in terms of，in advance，in conclusion，shortly after，out of the ordinary，in progress，by mistake，nothing like 26.He was about to throw it away when he noticed something out of the ordinary. 27．During the Spring Festival，we’d better book tickets in advance. 28．Shortly after ing back from the hospital，Tom gave up smoking. 29．And that’s why you’re seeing so many leaps in progress. 30．I brought other people’s baggage by mistake. 31．Now，I want my family to include a little girl who looks nothing like me or my wife. 32．puters will be more powerful than the human brain in terms of intelligence. 33．In conclusion，space exploration is still in its initial stage. Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 34．Li Hua worked very hard，which made it possible for her to go to college. 李華學(xué)習(xí)很努力，這使她很有可能考上大學(xué)。 35．We want the matter settled sooner rather than later. 我們想盡快解決問題，不想拖到以后再辦。 36．Without your help，we couldn’t have succeeded. 沒有你們的幫助，我們就不會成功。 37．Be careful when you cross the busy street.If not，you may get run over by a car. 過擁擠的街道時要當(dāng)心。如果不這樣你會被車撞死。 1 the former...，the latter...前者……，后者…… the latter part后部分 the latter point后一點 the latter year晚年 This latter part is of great importance. 后一個論點是非常重要的。 Of the two choices，I prefer the latter. 在這兩個選擇中，我更喜歡后者。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)I invited Tom and Mary to my birthday party.The former (前者) is 15 years old and the latter (后者) is 14 years old. (2)Of your two examples，I prefer the latter(更喜歡后者). 2 present adj.現(xiàn)存的，當(dāng)前的；在場的，出席的；n.禮物(gift)；目前；v.授予(give...to)；展現(xiàn)，展示；呈現(xiàn)；主持(電視或廣播節(jié)目) [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　at present作為高級詞匯替換now at present(＝at the present time)現(xiàn)在；目前 be present at 出席…… in the presence of sb.＝in one’s presence當(dāng)著……的面，在……面前 present sth.to sb.＝present sb.with sth.向某人贈送某物 make a present of sth.to sb.(＝make sb.a present of sth.)把某物贈送給某人 for the present (＝for the time being)目前；暫時 Besides，there are some presents I bought for my family members and friends；it will be a great disappointment to me if I can’t find the suitcase. 而且，箱子里面有我為家人和朋友買的禮物，如果找不到它，我會很失望。(重慶書面表達(dá)) [圖解助記] [特別提醒] present作前置定語時意為“目前的”；作后置定語時，意為“出席的，在場的”。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)語法填空 ①The boy was punished in the presence of all his classmates. ②Who will be present at the concert? ③The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception. (2)完成句子 ①What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present(所有在場的人). ②They are optimistic about the present situation(目前的形勢). 3 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　作為高級詞匯替換 save rescue sb./sth.from sth.從……中營救…… go/e to one’s rescue去/來救某人 rescuer n.救助者，救星，援救者 We were about to close down the business，but the bank went/came to our rescue with a huge loan. 我們幾乎要停業(yè)，但銀行借出了一大筆錢救了我們。 Rescuers searched the rubble for survivors. 救援人員在瓦礫中搜尋幸存者。 [詞義辨析]　rescue，save (1)rescue意為“營救，救援”，指從危險中迅速有效地援救、搶救，一般指人，也指搶救東西不致毀壞。 (2)save意為“拯救、救出”，是普通用語，指使受害者或物擺脫危險，使其保存或生存下來。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)用rescue，save的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①We are informed that more firefighters will be sent there to rescue the victims. ②Actually，it was a young policeman that saved his daughter’s life. (2)語法填空 ①Having rescued(rescue) the drowning boy to the bank，he left without being noticed(notice). ②He promised to e to our rescue. 4 [多詞一義]　donate，contribute，give...to donate sth.to...把某物捐獻(xiàn)給…… collect donations for...為……募捐 make/give/present a donation to捐贈 The silver trophy was donated by a Leicester businessman. 銀制獎杯是由一個萊斯特的商人捐贈的。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 用donate的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)We are collecting donations for the relief fund. (2)All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections. (3)As the patient’s life hung in the balance，many volunteers offered to donate blood. 5 correspond to/with和……一致 correspond with和……通信 correspondence n.一致，符合；通信聯(lián)系；往來書信 in correspondence with與……有通信聯(lián)系 correspondent n.記者，通訊員；通信者 corresponding adj.符合的，相應(yīng)的，相關(guān)的 She still corresponds with American friends she met nine years ago. 她仍與9年前結(jié)識的美國朋友們通信。 The two maps of London correspond closely. 這兩張倫敦地圖很相似。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 用correspond的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)Investment in the railways will bring a corresponding improvement in services. (2)I’m also a correspondent for science. (3)His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend. 6 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　“動詞＋sb.＋of”類語境詞義辨析的考查  cure sb.of...治愈某人的……；矯正某人的…… a cure for...針對……的治療 take a cure接受治療 An operation finally cured his shin injury. 手術(shù)最終治好了他脛部的傷。 We need to cure our environmental problems. 我們需要解決我們的環(huán)境問題。 [詞義辨析]　cure，treat (1)cure表示“治愈”，賓語既可以是人，也可以是疾病，有時也表示“矯正；革除”。 (2)treat表示“治療”時，多接人作賓語，強(qiáng)調(diào)治療動作，并不說明是否治愈。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)用cure，treat的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①The doctor was treating the girl who suffered from cancer. ②Who was it that cured the old professor of his cancer? (2)語法填空 ①He said that he was cured(cure) with this medicine. ②He was at last cured of the bad habit. ③They have found a cure for rising prices. 7 declare...to be...宣布……為…… declare war on...向……宣戰(zhàn) declare for/against表示贊成/反對 He declared his intention to bee the best golfer in the world. 他表明自己想成為世界上最好的高爾夫球選手。 The U.N.has declared it to be a safe zone. 聯(lián)合國已宣布它為安全區(qū)。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)語法填空 ①Only a month earlier，Mr.Stenholm had declared for/against the tax cut. ②It was the year when Britain declared war on Germany. ③It has been declared(declare) already that the contract is illegal. (2)他斷言那是真的。(一句多譯) ①He declared that it was true.(declare that...) ②He declared it to be true.(declare...to be...) 1 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　作為高級詞匯替換ahead of time advance n.進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；v.前進(jìn)，行進(jìn)；發(fā)展，進(jìn)步 advance on/upon/towards朝……前進(jìn) in advance of在……前面；超前 advanced adj.高級的；先進(jìn)的；晚期的 Thank you in advance! 提前向你表示感謝。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)His ideas were in advance of his times(在他那個時代之前). (2)Napoleon’s army advanced on/upon/towards (朝著……前進(jìn))Moscow. 2 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　give短語語境詞義辨析 give in to對……屈服 give up放棄 give off放出；排出 give out用完；分發(fā)；公布；精疲力竭 give in投降；屈服；讓步；呈送 give way to給……讓路 Someone in the group gave him away to the police. 團(tuán)伙中有人向警察告發(fā)了他。 [圖解助記] [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 用give短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)He gave away most of his money to charity. (2)The car stopped when the petrol gave out. (3)She gave in to social pressure and quit smoking. (4)He gave up his seat to an old lady on the bus. 3 [應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)]　take短語語境詞義辨析 take for當(dāng)作；誤當(dāng)作 take off起飛；脫下；迅速流行；解除(工作、職務(wù)等)；撤掉 take to喜歡；親近；適應(yīng) take...for granted認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然 take in吸收；欺騙；包括在內(nèi)；收留；領(lǐng)會，理解；觀看 take apart拆開，拆卸 take on呈現(xiàn)；雇傭 take out拿出，取出；除去 Lesley explains possible treatments but you can tell she’s not taking it in. 萊斯利解釋了各種可行的療法，不過，你可以看出來，她并沒有領(lǐng)會。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 用take短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)The officer leading the investigation has been taken off the case. (2)She was taken on as a trainee. (3)He took the machine apart to clean and oil the parts. 1 There is no doubt about it.關(guān)于這一點是毫無疑問的。 (1)There is no doubt意為“毫無疑問”，后接that從句或“about＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。There is doubt意為“……值得懷疑”，后接whether引導(dǎo)的從句或“about＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)doubt v.& n.懷疑；疑問。作動詞時，其用法如下： ①在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 ②在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 作名詞時，用法如下： ①用于肯定句時，一般接whether或if引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。 ②用于否定句、疑問句時，一般接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。 (3)be in doubt猶豫不決 beyond doubt無疑地 There is no doubt that what a cleaner does is harder pared with any other jobs in the society. 毫無疑問，一個清潔工干的活比社會上其他工作都要辛苦。(廣東讀寫任務(wù)) [夯實基礎(chǔ)] 語法填空 (1)I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time. (2)I doubt if/whether they can swim across the river. (3)There is no doubt that she will e in time. (4)I have some doubt whether he will be elected. 2 We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured out how to split the atom...我們開始坐飛機(jī)環(huán)游世界，與此同時，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣分離原子…… (1)疑問代詞who，what，which等和疑問副詞when，where，how等后面跟不定式，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等成分。 (2)“疑問詞＋不定式”經(jīng)常用在某些動詞后作賓語，這樣的動詞(或詞組)有：tell，show，know，learn，find out，forget，wonder等。 (3)疑問詞why后跟不定式時，省去符號to。 (4)“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式要用主動式，不用被動式。 (5)此用法中的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否則用相應(yīng)的從句。 I don’t know what to say.我不知道說什么好。 [夯實基礎(chǔ)] (1)He doesn’t know what he will talk about. He doesn’t know what to talk about.(改為簡單句) (2)I really have no idea whether I will accept her invitation or not. I really have no idea whether to accept her invitation or not.(改為簡單句) (3)Why don’t you stop to have a rest? Why not stop to have a rest？(用why not改寫句子) 3 單元語法 ——語法填空 (1)This time tomorrow，I shall be flying (fly) to Shanghai. (2)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you will be eating (eat) fresh watermelon in the fall. (3)—Guess what，we’ve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer. —How nice！You will be experiencing (experience) a different culture then. (4)By the end of this term，we will have finished (finish) our essays. (5)We shall have lived (live) here for five years by next March. 高考題組 Ⅰ.短文改錯(xx四川) Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test difficulty，but I tried hardly to do it.Suddenly Mary，my best friend，asking me to let her to copy my answers.After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.But after the test，all of us were called to the teacher’s office.The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests.We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.I was very upset.I didn’t cheat.I was just helping a friend.Why does she punish me? 答案　 Today we had a chemistry test.I found the test ，but I tried to do it.Suddenly Mary，my best friend， me to let her to copy my answers.After for some time，I let her copy my answers.But after the test， of us were called to the teacher’s office.The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the .We were warned not to cheat again she would need to see our parents.I was very upset.I didn’t cheat.I was just helping a friend.Why she punish me? Ⅱ.寫作常用句翻譯 1.同時我把保持環(huán)境干凈衛(wèi)生當(dāng)作我的職責(zé)。(meanwhile)(xx安徽書面表達(dá)) Meanwhile，I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy. 2.班長王華向她獻(xiàn)上了準(zhǔn)備好的鮮花。(present)(xx陜西書面表達(dá)) Wang Hua，our monitor，presented her with the prepared flowers. 3.幸運的是，許多人和組織捐了大筆錢幫助他們順利地接受大學(xué)教育。(donate)(2011湖南書面表達(dá)) Luckily，many people and organizations donate a lot of money to help them receive college education smoothly. 4.每個小組介紹了“自己國家”的文化、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、環(huán)境保護(hù)、綠色新能源。(advanced)(xx湖南書面表達(dá)) Each group introduced “their country’s” culture，advanced technology，environment protection，new green energy. 模擬題組 Ⅰ.語法填空 1.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 2.—Could I use your car tomorrow morning? —Sure.I will be writing (write) a report at home. 3.I feel so excited！At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying (fly) to Shanghai. 4.After getting lost in a storm，a member of the navy team was rescued (rescue) four days later. 5.Jim went to answer the phone.Meanwhile，Harry started to prepare lunch. 6.These teenagers don’t know much of the world yet；that’s why they were taken (take) in so easily. 7.The moment the 29th Olympic Games were declared (declare) open，the whole world cheered. 8.As is known to all，China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so. 9.There are many books！It’s not easy for us to decide what to take and what to leave behind. 10.The centre was bought with money donated (donate) by former Beatle，George Harrison. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.He was informed short after it happened.short→shortly 2.Rescuing timely，they now live a peaceful life.Rescuing→Rescued 3.Having known the truth，he felt at a dilemma.at→in 4.After graduation for ten years，they are still corresponding to each other.to→with 5.Up to now，the result should have declared.have后加上been 6.Someone must have left the door open by the mistake.去掉by后的the 7.Police are looking into about the disappearance of two children.去掉about 8.We would have been put John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.去掉been 9.This time tomorrow，I shall be flied to America.flied→flying 10.They have worked here for five years by next May.They后加上shall或will Ⅲ.寫作句式升級訓(xùn)練 Though the kind woman got paid lowly，she decided to donate all she had saved，in the hope that she could help those with financial problems.(素材來源于xx廣東讀寫任務(wù)) The kind woman who got paid lowly decided to donate what she had saved，hoping that she could help those with financial problems.(用who引導(dǎo)的定語從句、what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句及現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫句子) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Few years ago，I was on a plane with my friend，waiting for it to take off.The pilot’s voice was heard throughout the plane，“Sorry for the delay，ladies and gentlemen.Our engines don’t work.We are going to jumpstart them.Once we get them going，we’ll get up in the air and see what happens.” That was all he said，“See what happens？Shouldn’t we have had a better plan than that？” At that point，I could only laugh nervously.One woman started crying，“Oh，no！We are going to crash！” There were sighs of desperation and anxiety，and we hadn’t even taken off yet. The pilot even seemed unhappy.He told us our one engine was working double time，and his plan was to get up in the air and see what would happen！Then we did.We got up in the air，and what happened？Nothing.We arrived in Norfolk，and no sooner had the wheels touched down than applause burst out as everyone on the airplane breathed a sigh of relief. All too often，people stop chasing their goals just because they don’t have a guaranteed(有保證的) result.But success will never be guaranteed.The best thing that you can do is just get up in the air，and see what happens.While I do prefer planning better to “seeing what happens” when it es to flying，it really isn’t such a bad idea for life. If your effort is to build a business，then get up in the air and see what happens！Don’t give yourself all the reasons why you can’t.Do not wait until you have everything you need.You never will! If your goal is to start a friendship，say “Hello”，get up in the air and see what happens！The result could be very rewarding.If your goal is to learn a new skill，get up in the air and see what happens！It might not be as difficult as you think.It could be fun! 1．How did the author feel when the pilot said the engines didn’t work? A．Disappointed. B．Anxious. C．Curious. D．Relieved. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“At that point，I could only laugh nervously.”可知，作者開始聽到這個消息的時候很焦急。故選B項。 2．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The passengers began crying after the plane took off. B．The engines often worked double time to get started. C．The pilot tried to fort the nervous passengers. D．The passengers reached the destination safe and sound. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句話可推知，所有人都安全著陸了。故選D項。 3．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “ ”． A．think carefully before you make friends B．start to fly the plane to see what will happen C．make an effort even if the result is uncertain D．get up from the chair and greet somebody 答案　C 解析　句意猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段畫線部分后面的“The result could be very rewarding.”可知，畫線部分的內(nèi)容旨在鼓勵我們努力去嘗試，不管結(jié)果如何。 4．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．We Will See What Happens B．I Survived an Adventurous Flight C．The Pilot Risked Our Lives D．Making Plans Is Better than Taking Chances 答案　A 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心句“...get up in the air and see what happens.”可知，A項最適合作文章標(biāo)題。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I opened my eyes to find familiar doctors standing by my hospital bed.They had some good 5 .They told me that my brother Adam’s 6 cells were beginning to work in my bone marrow(骨髓)．I was showing signs of 7 ：I was able to walk around 8 —without assistance，and I didn’t need to be connected 9 to an IV machine. It was the “ 10 ”day.The doctors were sending me to the Hope Room，a house sponsored by the American Cancer Society.I would 11 there for the next three months and would be 12 by my boyfriend，Seamus. Pushed out of the 13 in a wheelchair，I took my first breath of fresh air 14 .But before I could 15 this moment，my mother had helped me put on a mask.I gave her a(n) 16 look，but I knew she was right.For the immediate future，I would need to 17 gloves and a mask wherever I wanted to go in public.No subways，no crowds. 18 ，I can enjoy my freedom，even if cancer continues to 19 my choices.My new freedom means not being 20 every couple of hours by a nurse with pills in her hand，not seeing doctors with their masks and their caring，and not being connected to an IV machine 24 hours a day. Freedom also means being able to 21 a homecooked meal—my mother and boyfriend try hard to cook for me in the kitchen