2019年高考英語一輪總復習 語法專項突破 真題分類 定語從句.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪總復習 語法專項突破 真題分類 定語從句 【xx新課標全國卷I】33．“You cant judge a book by its cover，”________． A．a(chǎn)s the saying goes old B．goes as the old saying C．a(chǎn)s the old saying goes D．goes as old the saying 【解析】　句意：俗話說，“你不能以貌取人”。as the old saying goes是一個固定的用法，表示“俗話說”。其他的各個選項都是錯誤表達形式，故都可排除。 【答案】　C 【xx新課標全國卷II】4．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying. A．what B．when C．where D．which 【解析】　題干的意思是：“我到達后，布賴恩帶我去看了我要住的房子。”分析題干可知后句為限制性定語從句，關系詞代替先行詞house在定語從句中作地點狀語，因此應選擇關系副詞where。解答該類題目的關鍵在于分析關系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中所作的句子成分。 【答案】　C 【xx北京卷】27．Many countries are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected. A．when B．which C．whose D．where 【解析】　題干的意思是：眼下，許多國家正在建立一些國家公園，動物和植物在那兒可以得到保護。分析結構可知，此處是考查定語從句的引導詞，先行詞為national parks，定語從句中缺少地點狀語，要用where來引導，相當于in which。關系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語；which在定語從句中作主語、賓語；whose只作定語，三者均不符合語境，故正確答案為D項。解答這類題目首先要找準先行詞，然后根據(jù)定語從句所缺的成分來確定選項。 【答案】　D 【xx天津卷】6．We have launched another man－made satellite，______ is announced in todays newspaper. A．that B．which C．who D．what 【解析】　句意：“我們又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星，這件事在今天的報紙上被公布了?！盉項which引導非限制性定語從句，指代“發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星”這件事，在定語從句中作主語。that和what不能引導非限制性定語從句；who在定語從句中只能指人。如果選that，需在that前加連詞and。 【答案】　B 【xx重慶卷】24．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of________are family members. A．them B．that C．which D．whom 【解析】　句意：約翰邀請了大約40個人參加他的婚禮，大部分人是家庭成員。由前后兩個句子之間沒有連接詞可首先把A項排除。B、C、D三項都可引導定語從句，但that不能放在介詞of之后，故排除。which引導定語從句時，表示物，不符合題意，也排除。most of whom引導非限制性定語從句，whom指代about 40 people。most of whom在定語從句中作主語，所以答案為D。 【答案】　D 【xx山東卷】31．There is no simple answer，________ is often the case in science. A．a(chǎn)s B．that C．when D．where 【解析】　句意：沒有簡單的答案，在科學上情況通常是這樣。因句中有逗號，其后面的句子中無連詞引導，可判斷是定語從句。本句的先行詞是空格前的整個句子，有此用法的是 as。as在句中意為“正如，正像”。“as is often the case”常被看作是一個固定搭配，意為“情況通常是這樣”，符合句意。that不能引導非限制性定語從句，when的先行詞在后面的定語從句中作時間狀語，where的先行詞在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故B、C、D三項都不符合句意，應被排除。 【答案】　A 【xx浙江卷】5．The children，________ had played the whole day long，were worn out. A．a(chǎn)ll of what B．a(chǎn)ll of which C．a(chǎn)ll of them D．a(chǎn)ll of whom 【解析】　題干的意思是：“孩子們玩了一整天，都累壞了?！狈治鼍渥咏Y構可知，________ had played the whole day long是非限制性定語從句，先行詞children指人，故排除A、B、C三項。所以正確答案為D項。 【答案】　D 【xx浙江卷】13．The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A．what B．where C．when D．why 【解析】　題干的意思是：“博物館將在春季開放，屆時將有一個展覽，還有一個觀光平臺，在這里參觀者可以看到許多在建的大玻璃暖房?！狈治鼍渥咏Y構可知，________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built為定語從句，a viewing platform為定語從句的先行詞，從句缺少地點狀語，要用where引導，所以正確答案為B項。 【答案】　B 【xx江蘇卷】32．The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A．where B．which C．what D．when 【解析】　句意：世界銀行行長說，他熱愛中國，這種熱愛他記得早在童年時就開始了。通過分析句子結構可知，The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China為主句，通過還原法可知定語從句是he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood，從句中his passion starting為動名詞復合結構。his passion用which替代。when和where雖然可以引導定語從句，但是它們在定語從句中是分別用來作時間狀語和地點狀語的，不能指代passion；what不能用來引導定語從句，故排除。 【答案】　B 【xx安徽卷】29．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in xx，________ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams e true. A．it B．that C．what D．which 【解析】　句意：莫言獲得xx年諾貝爾文學獎，這件事使中國人民長久以來的一個夢想得以實現(xiàn)。此處為非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個句子。it和what不能引導定語從句，可排除；that不能用于引導非限制性定語從句。故選D項。 【答案】　D 【xx湖南卷】21．Happiness and success often e to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths. A．whom　　 B．who　　 C．what　　 D．which 【解析】　題干的意思是：“快樂和成功經(jīng)常會眷顧那些善于欣賞自己優(yōu)點的人。”分析句子成分可知，“________are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，從句中缺少主語，故用who引導，所以答案為B。 【答案】　B 【xx四川卷】9．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment________they live. A．what B．which C．when D．where 【解析】　題干的意思是：現(xiàn)在人們更加關注他們生活的環(huán)境。分析句子結構可知，題中缺少定語從句的引導詞，并且引導詞要在從句中作地點狀語，所以D符合題意。而what不能引導定語從句；which可以引導定語從句，但是在從句中作主語或賓語；when也可以引導定語從句，但是在從句中作時間狀語。 【答案】　D 【xx江西卷】33．He wrote a letter________he explained what had happened in the accident. A．what B．which C．where D．how 【解析】　句意：他寫了一封信，在信中，他解釋了這起事故中發(fā)生的事情。定語從句中有主語和賓語，先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，where相當于in which。 【答案】　C 【xx山東卷】35．Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was pletely cut off from the outside world. A．when B．where C．which D．whom 【解析】　句意：最后他到達了一個完全與外部世界隔絕的孤島上。句中的先行詞a lonely island在后面的定語從句中作主語，故用which引導。因先行詞是地點名詞短語a lonely island，學生很容易誤選where來引導定語從句而不去分析先行詞在句中所作的成分。 【答案】　C 【xx遼寧卷】34．He may win the petition，________ he is likely to get into the national team. A．in which case B．in that case C．in what case D．in whose case 【解析】　句意：他也許會贏得比賽，那樣的話，他就可能會進入國家隊。此處引導定語從句，in which case指代“他可能會贏得比賽”這件事情，介詞后的關系代詞不能用that，故排除B項；what不引導定語從句；whose指代“……的”，不符合語境。 【答案】　A 【xx陜西卷】16．________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A．It B．That C．What D．As 【解析】　題干的意思是：“正如其他孩子的情況一樣，醫(yī)生到達時，艾米好多了?！痹摼渲衋s引導非限制性定語從句，用來代替后面整個主句的內容。該題容易誤選it，如果選it那么題干就是兩句話，而中間沒有連詞且用了逗號，所以it不可選。 【答案】　D 【xx福建卷】27．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected. A．whose B．that C．who D．which 【解析】　題干的意思是：“這本書通過那些生活受到影響的人的視角講述了地震的故事。”根據(jù)題干可判斷所選連詞引導的是定語從句。定語從句中關系詞的選擇是由關系詞在定語從句中所作的成分來決定的。題干中先行詞是代詞those，表示“那些人”，而在定語從句中缺乏的成分意思應是“那些人的”，所以只有關系代詞whose符合題意，whose在定語從句中作定語。關系代詞that，who和which在定語從句中只能作主語或賓語。解答這類題目的關鍵在于分析定語從句中所缺的成分，也就是關系詞在定語從句中所作的成分。 【答案】　A 【xx山東卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 【答案】C 【解析】此處先行詞是two novels，后面是一個非限制性定語從句且介詞前置，因此用both of which引導。句意：Maria寫了兩部小說，兩部都被拍成了電視劇。 【考點】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。 【xx福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 【考點】本題考查定語從句的引導詞 【答案】C 【解析】本句難點是把定語從句分割出來放在句首就很明了了，把句子轉換成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定語從句引導詞放句首指的是下文所提到的一句話用as引導“正如在在報告中所寫的那樣”。 【xx浙江】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 【考點】考查定語從句。 【答案】B 【解析】when引導定語從句，在從句中作時間狀語，修飾先行詞an age（時代）， 此處的when=at which。 【xx浙江】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 【考點】考查定語從句的關系代詞。 【答案】B 【解析】who引導非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Ellen（人名）。which修行先行詞是物的定語從句；whom修飾先行詞為人，且在從句中作賓語；where修飾先行詞是地點名詞，且在從句中地點狀語，均不符合語境，故排除。 【xx江蘇卷】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 【考點】考查定語從句的關系代詞。 【答案】B 【解析】指人的先行詞people在非限制性定語從句中充當主語，所以用關系代詞who引導。故選B項。 【xx安徽卷】29. Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. This 【答案】A 【解析】如果選擇B或D 就出現(xiàn)了兩個句子了。本題考查非限制性定語從句,關系代詞指整個一句話Ａlot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as用在句首，which用在句末，正確答案應該是A。 【xx江西卷】28．By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A．which B．when C．what D．that 【答案】A 【考點】考查定語從句。 【答案】D 【解析】“position”為先行詞，后面是其定語從句，關系詞在從句中作的是地點狀語，因此，應該使用關系副詞“where”來引導定語從句。因此，正確答案為D選項。 技巧點撥：句意表示“我已經(jīng)達到人生的一個轉折點，應該自己做決定?！毕刃性~是point, 關系詞在從句中作地點狀語，因此，正確答案為B選項。 【xx四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 【答案】 C 【考點】本題考查定語從句。 【解析】前后兩句話之間無連詞，故不能用人稱代詞them 而應用關系代詞whom引導定語從句；在46個學生當中，表所屬，應用of。故答案選C。 【xx陜西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 【答案】C 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】所填詞前有逗號，是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是整個主句，關系詞在從句中做主語，選C。其余選項與題干不符。 【xx北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】 B 【考點】非限制性定語從句，which作表語。 【解析】 句意：他常常聚精會神地工作，這時他會廢寢忘食。先行詞為逗號前面的deeply absorbed in work，關系詞在定語從句中充當表語成分，故選B項。 【xx全國II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 【考點】考查非限制性定語從句的關系詞。 【答案】B 【解析】這里that evening是先行詞，其在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語，所以用which。句意：以后我將和你談起的那個晚上，我工作到了很晚。 【xx天津卷】7.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_______help I would never have got this far.【B】 A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 【2011全國卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 【答案】C 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】本題主句中的先行詞writer和從句中的主語story有所屬關系，譯為作者的故事，因此選C。句子的意思是：我們的獎金會留給故事情節(jié)最富有想象力的作者。 【2011全國卷II ，7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 【答案】D 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】分析句子結構可知，該句為定語從句，首先排除A和C；根據(jù)空前的逗號可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，排除B。該從句應用which引導，which在從句中作主語，代指前麗的整個句子。 【2011北京卷，26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 【答案】B 【考點】考查非限制性定語從句。 【解析】逗號后的非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，which引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句部分的內容。選擇which。 【2011上海卷，39】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 【答案】A 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】先行詞為the bus station，從句中謂語動詞hire后缺少賓語，故用關系代詞which。 【2011山東卷，32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 【答案】D 【考點】此題考查定語從句的引導詞。 【解析】關系代詞that代替先行詞small houses，在從句中作主語。句意為：這座古老的城鎮(zhèn)街道狹窄，小房子挨得很近。 【2011江西卷，34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 【答案】C 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】先行詞為museum，在從句中充當定語，博物館的建造工程花費了超過三年的時間。介詞用of。選C。 【2011江蘇卷，24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 【答案】A 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】句意：音樂會的兩大構成部分中間有幕間休息時間，在這段時間里觀眾可以去買冰激凌。when引導的定語從句修飾an interval，when在從句中作時間狀語。首先解析句子結構，判斷從句類型，題干說“在音樂會中間有間歇，此時你可以買冰激凌?！鳖}干的前半部分完整無缺，后半部分補充說明這個間歇你可以干的事，所以這是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞為interval，非限制性定語從句的功能就是對先行詞進行補充說明。由于從句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表時間，所以正確答案為A． 【2011安徽卷，28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 【答案】A 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】句意為：剩下的任何東西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存兩三周。本題考查非限制性定語從句的關系副詞。由句型結構可以看出，該題中的先行詞refrigerator在從句中作介詞的賓語，該介賓結構在定語從句中作地點狀語，故選擇關系副詞where。when在從句中作時間狀語；which在從句中作主語或賓語；while是連詞，不能用于定語從句。 【2011浙江卷，8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 【答案】A 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】本句中的先行詞是several diverse cultures，先行詞在從句中做each of的賓語，所以應用關系代詞which。 【2011浙江卷，10】A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there 【答案】C 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】本句中的先行詞是the place.，先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以應該用關系副詞where。 【2011福建卷，24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to municate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 【答案】A 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere與修飾它的定語從句被for her students隔開，該從句缺少主語，所以用which。 【2011福建卷，33】It was April 29,xx Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A．that B．when C．since D．before 【答案】B 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以單獨作時間狀語，所以不是強調句型。用when引導定語從句修飾April 29，2011。 【2011四川卷，17】The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D.where 【答案】B 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】此處whose引導的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞shop，在定語從句中作customers的定語。句意為“這個學校商店，——其主顧大多是學生，——因為放假就關門了。” 【2011天津卷，10】The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which 【答案】A 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】句意為：when引導定語從句修飾the day。are gone為插入語。句意：全部靠體力掙錢謀生的時代已經(jīng)過去了。 【2011陜西卷，11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. that 【答案】B 【考點】考查定語從句。 【解析】先行詞是hill，表地點，定語從句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少狀語，所以應用關系副詞where。 【2011湖南卷，25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 【答案】C 【考點】本題考查定語從句中復合關系代詞的用法。 【解析】介詞后只能使用的關系代詞是which, who, whose, 因為句子中關系詞指代是語言，故選C；句意：Julie擅長德語、法語和俄語，這三種語言她說得都很流利。