2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題一 冠詞和名詞練習(xí).doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題一 冠詞和名詞練習(xí) 1．(xx課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)India attained ______ independence in 1947, after ______ long struggle. A．/; a　　　　　　　　B．the; a C．a(chǎn)n; / D．a(chǎn)n; the 解析：印度經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)后，在1947年獲得了獨(dú)立。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)閕ndependence是抽象名詞，在本句表泛指，故前面用零冠詞；struggle為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表示泛指，故第二個(gè)空格為a。故答案為A項(xiàng)。 答案：A 2．(xx重慶卷)The parents were shocked by ______ news that their son needed ______ operation on his knee. A．a(chǎn); / B．the; / C．the; an D．a(chǎn); an 解析：這對(duì)父母被他們的兒子需要做膝部手術(shù)的消息震驚了。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。第一空處news后有同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明news的內(nèi)容，表特指，故使用定冠詞the；第二空處表示在膝部做的一個(gè)手術(shù)，表泛指，故用不定冠詞an。 答案：C 3．(xx山東卷)It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ______ night sky. A．/; a B．a(chǎn); the C．the; a D．the; / 解析：句意：那是一個(gè)寒冷冬天的夜晚，月亮在夜空閃耀著。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。第一個(gè)空用不定冠詞表示泛指；第二個(gè)空表示特指；the night sky夜空。 答案：B 4．(xx陜西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ______ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ______ thirteenth century. A．the; a B．a(chǎn); / C．/; the D．the; the 解析：據(jù)說(shuō)在十三世紀(jì)馬可波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經(jīng)過(guò)太平洋。在海洋、江河等專(zhuān)有名詞前面要用定冠詞the; thirteenth是序數(shù)詞，前面也要用the，故選D項(xiàng)。 答案：D 5．(xx福建卷)The “Chinese Dream” is ______ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development. A．the; a B．a(chǎn); a C．a(chǎn); the D．the; the 解析：句意：“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)改善民生的夢(mèng)，是一個(gè)和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢(mèng)。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。dream是可數(shù)名詞，此處用不定冠詞a表示“一個(gè)”的意思，故答案為B項(xiàng)。 答案：B 6．(xx天津卷)While she was in Paris, she developed a ______ for fine art. A．way B．relation C．taste D．habit 解析：句意：在巴黎期間，她培養(yǎng)了對(duì)美術(shù)的興趣。本題考查名詞辨析。A：方式，方法；B：關(guān)系；D：習(xí)慣。taste作名詞時(shí)，意為“愛(ài)好，嗜好”。 答案：C 7．(xx浙江卷)As the worlds population continues to grow, the ______ of food bees more and more of a concern. A．worth B．supply C．package D．list 解析：句意：隨著世界人口的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，食物的供應(yīng)越來(lái)越成為一個(gè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。A：價(jià)值；B：供應(yīng)；C：包；D：清單。 答案：B 8．(xx遼寧卷)The accident caused some ______ to my car, but its nothing serious. A．harm B．injury C．ruin D．damage 解析：句意：這場(chǎng)事故給我的車(chē)造成了一定的損壞，但問(wèn)題不嚴(yán)重?？疾槊~。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)搭配cause some damage to...“對(duì)……造成一定的損壞”，選D項(xiàng)。harm傷害，損害，常用于do harm to短語(yǔ)中；injury傷害，常用于對(duì)人身體的傷害；ruin毀滅，破產(chǎn)。 答案：D 9．(xx江蘇卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ______ for the better. A．share B．chance C．turn D．lead 解析：句意：在其他飲食文化的啟發(fā)下，美國(guó)的飲食文化可能會(huì)向更好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。本題考查名詞辨析。share份額，股份；chance機(jī)會(huì)，可能；turn變化，轉(zhuǎn)變；lead榜樣，領(lǐng)先。 答案：C 10．(xx江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______. A．curiosity B．satisfaction C．envy D．patience 解析：每當(dāng)我犯錯(cuò)時(shí)，老師都會(huì)耐心地把它們指出來(lái)。本題考查名詞辨析。A：好奇，好奇心；B：滿(mǎn)意，滿(mǎn)足；C：嫉妒，羨慕；D：耐心，忍耐力。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選D項(xiàng)。 答案：D 1．(xx蘇北一模)Mr. Joe, ______ professor at the University of Fribourg, is famous for his academic achievements in ______ World History. A．the; / B．the; a C．a(chǎn); the D．a(chǎn); / 解析：句意：?jiǎn)滔壬?，F(xiàn)ribourg大學(xué)的一個(gè)教授，因?yàn)樗谑澜缡贩矫娴膶W(xué)術(shù)成就而聞名。本題考查冠詞的用法。根據(jù)句意，喬先生是這所大學(xué)的教授之一，為泛指；另外World History作為一門(mén)學(xué)科，不需要加冠詞，故選D項(xiàng)。 答案：D 2．(xx石家莊質(zhì)檢二)Liang Bo, the champion of the Voice of China, is a man of ______ few words but has ______ remarkable inner strength. A．/; a B．a(chǎn); a C．the; / D．/; the 解析：句意：梁博——《中國(guó)好聲音》冠軍，是一個(gè)不善言談卻有非凡的內(nèi)在力量的人。第一空考查a few與few的區(qū)別。few少，a few等于several(幾個(gè))。本句表示“說(shuō)話很少”，故第一空用零冠詞，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；strength在本句中表泛指，故答案為A項(xiàng)。 答案：A 3．(xx安徽聯(lián)考)—As ______ child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at ______ time. —That is my fathers story, too. A．a(chǎn); the B．/; a C．a(chǎn); a D．/; the 解析：句意：——我父親小時(shí)候經(jīng)常把所有的周日都花在戶(hù)外放松上，甚至一次要玩上幾個(gè)小時(shí)?！且彩俏腋赣H的經(jīng)歷。本題考查冠詞。第一空后的child為單數(shù)名詞，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠詞。第二空考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。at a time 為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“一次”。又如：Dont enter at once. One at a time. 不要同時(shí)全進(jìn)來(lái)，一次進(jìn)一個(gè)人。 答案：C 4．(xx河北質(zhì)檢)______ Chinese government has decided to introduce more measures to improve the public transport systems in ______ countrys crowded urban areas. A．A; / B．The; / C．The; a D．The ；the 解析：句意：中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)決定采取更多的措施來(lái)改善該國(guó)擁擠城市的公共交通系統(tǒng)。兩個(gè)空后的名詞government和country在本句中均表特指，故用定冠詞。 答案：D 5．(xx南昌一模)As ______ mountains surrounding our village are turning much greener, they have bee ______ home to a large number of wild animals. A．the; / B．the; a C．/; a D．the; the 解析：句意：當(dāng)我們村周?chē)娜荷阶兙G時(shí)，它們便成了很多野生動(dòng)物的棲息地。根據(jù)句意可知，第一空的mountains在本句中表示特指，故用定冠詞，排除C項(xiàng)；“be/bee home to...”為固定搭配，相當(dāng)于be/bee the home of...，意為“……的棲息地”。 答案：A 6．(xx合肥三模)I found myself talking to ______ Zhu Jun! Not ______ Zhu Jun from CCTV, of course, but someone with the same name. A．/; the B．the; a C．the; / D．/; a 解析：句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己正在跟朱軍講話！當(dāng)然不是中央電視臺(tái)的那個(gè)朱軍，而是一樣名字的一個(gè)人。本題考查冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)Zhu Jun為純專(zhuān)有名詞，不加冠詞；第二個(gè)Zhu Jun是被普通化的專(zhuān)有名詞，后有定語(yǔ)，因此為特指，故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A 7．(xx日照二模)The teacher praised me for ______ progress Id made, which was ______ great encouragement to me. A．the; / B．the; a C．/; a D．/; / 解析：句意：老師因?yàn)槲胰〉玫倪M(jìn)步而表?yè)P(yáng)我，這對(duì)我是一個(gè)很大的鼓勵(lì)。本題考查冠詞的用法。progress后有定語(yǔ)從句修飾，意為“我取得的進(jìn)步”，為特指；第二空a great encouragement意為“一件很鼓舞人的事情”，此處encouragement為可數(shù)名詞，故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B 8．(xx安徽聯(lián)考Ⅰ)We Chinese have a dream—______ dream to turn a welloff life into ______ reality by 2020. A．a(chǎn); / B．the; / C．a(chǎn); a D．/; / 解析：句意：我們中國(guó)人有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，即到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)小康生活。第一空及后面的dream與破折號(hào)前的a dream為同位關(guān)系，故第一空用不定冠詞；第二空考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。turn...into reality為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：A 9．(xx大連雙基)Mo Yan, a most widelyread writer, takes a plete new ______ to describing Chinas rural and folk culture. A．way B．a(chǎn)pproach C．passage D．entry 解析：句意：莫言的作品被廣泛閱讀，他采用了全新的方法來(lái)描述中國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)村民俗文化。an approach to為固定搭配，相當(dāng)于a way of，意為“……的方法”；passage指人們行走的“通道，走廊”，不合本句要求；entry意為“進(jìn)入，進(jìn)入權(quán)，入口處”，不合本句要求。 答案：B 10．(xx安徽質(zhì)檢)Finding information in todays world is easy. The ______ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. A．knowledge B．a(chǎn)bility C．petition D．challenge 解析：句意：當(dāng)今世界找信息很容易，但困難的事是你如何辨別你所獲得的信息是否有用。A：知識(shí)；B：能力；C：競(jìng)賽。challenge：a new or difficult task挑戰(zhàn)，艱巨任務(wù)。又如：She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜歡艱巨的工作。 答案：D 11．(xx陜西二模)In his absence, I would like to thank all concerned on my brothers ______. A．behalf B．part C．business D．interest 解析：句意：我弟弟沒(méi)在場(chǎng)，我想代表他向所有相關(guān)的人員表示感謝。on sb.s behalf等于on behalf of sb.，為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“代表某人”。又如：On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示謝意。for sb.s part就某人而言；on business因公；in sb.s interest為了某人的利益；但沒(méi)有on sb.s part, on sb.s business, on sb.s interest結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：A 12．(xx福建質(zhì)檢)—What does PM2.5 mean? —Its a professional ______ indicating the condition of air pollution. A．term B．item C．number D．mark 解析：句意：——PM2.5是什么意思？——它是一個(gè)表示空氣污染狀況的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。A：術(shù)語(yǔ)；B：項(xiàng)目；C：數(shù)字；D：記號(hào)。 答案：A 13．(xx東北一模)The police managed to gain ______ through an upstairs window. A．a(chǎn)pproach B．way C．a(chǎn)ccess D．passage 解析：句意：警方設(shè)法通過(guò)樓上的一扇窗戶(hù)進(jìn)入。approach, way, passage都有“道路，通道”的意思，且都為可數(shù)名詞。access為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“通道，入徑”。設(shè)空處前沒(méi)有冠詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有access為不可數(shù)名詞，故答案為C項(xiàng)。 答案：C 14．(xx江蘇二模)—Whenever you want a good meal, e to my restaurant and eat for free. —Believe me, that is an ______ I will not refuse. A．a(chǎn)pproach B．offer C．idea D．instruction 解析：句意：——無(wú)論你什么時(shí)候想吃頓美餐，你就來(lái)我的飯店免費(fèi)用餐?！判陌?。那種提議我是不會(huì)拒絕的。A：接近，方法，途徑；C：想法，念頭，主意；D：指導(dǎo)，說(shuō)明。offer主動(dòng)提議，建議。 答案：B 15．(xx天津聯(lián)考Ⅰ)If you want to study the nature of the universe, first of all, you must be clear about its ______. A．traditions B．consequences C．signs D．origins 解析：句意：如果你想研究宇宙的本質(zhì)，首先你必須弄清它的起源。A：傳統(tǒng)；B：結(jié)果；C：跡象；D：起源。 答案：D 1．It was reported that ______ silent movie “The Artist” became the biggest winner at ______ 84th Academy Award. A．the; the B．a(chǎn); / C．/; the D．the; / 解析：考查冠詞。第一空特指《藝術(shù)家》這部無(wú)聲電影，應(yīng)用the；第二空后面是序數(shù)詞，也應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故選A。 答案：A 2．Basketball star Jeremy Lin is ______ good example to kids, who shows them how to make ______ success in the world. A．the; the B．a(chǎn); the C．/; a D．a(chǎn); / 解析：考查冠詞。第一空填不定冠詞a，表示泛指；success為不可數(shù)名詞，第二空不填冠詞。故選D。 答案：D 3．According to the contract, if we cant meet the deadline we shall pay ______ fine of 10,000 dollars as ______ punishment. A．a(chǎn); a B．the; a C．the; the D．/; / 解析：考查冠詞。fine作“罰款”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，a fine of...“多少金額的罰款”；as a punishment“作為一種懲罰”。故選A。 答案：A 4．It is such ______ honour to take part in ______ celebration, so how could I make any mistakes? A．a(chǎn)n；/ B．the; the C．a(chǎn)n; the D．/; the 解析：考查冠詞。語(yǔ)意：參加這個(gè)慶?；顒?dòng)是多大的榮幸，我怎么能出任何差錯(cuò)呢？it is an honour to do sth.中honour的意思是“榮幸，光榮”，為可數(shù)名詞，故用不定冠詞；根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知，此處celebration為特指，故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C 5．The boy didnt e to ______ life and the method to start his breathing ended up as ______ failure. A．/; the B．the; / C．a(chǎn); a D．/; a 解析：考查冠詞的用法。語(yǔ)意：男孩沒(méi)能蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)，讓他恢復(fù)呼吸的方法以失敗告終。e to life“開(kāi)始動(dòng)起來(lái)”，life前不用冠詞；failure在這里是抽象名詞具體化，表示“失敗的人或事”，前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞。 答案：D 6．On ______ Monday morning in July, Mr. Anderson happened to find his missing father among the people at ______ church. A．a(chǎn); the B．the; / C．a(chǎn); / D．/; a 解析：考查冠詞的用法。在七月的一個(gè)星期一早上，安德森先生碰巧在做禮拜的人中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他失蹤的父親。Monday前一般不用冠詞，但表示“某個(gè)星期一”時(shí)用不定冠詞；at church在教堂做禮拜。 答案：C 7．Londons taxis are regarded as ______ best in the world, and New Yorks yellow taxis came ______ second, according to an annual taxi poll. A．the; the B．the; a C．/; the D．the; / 解析：考查冠詞。第一空，形容詞最高級(jí)前要使用定冠詞；第二空，序數(shù)詞second充當(dāng)副詞使用，前面不加冠詞，e second“第二名”，也可看成固定用法。 答案：D 8．With ______ successful launching of Tiangong－1, Chinas space dream has taken ______ step closer to reality. A．the; a B．/; a C．a(chǎn); the D．the; / 解析：考查冠詞。第一空特指“天宮一號(hào)”的成功發(fā)射，故用定冠詞the；第二空則表示“朝……邁進(jìn)一步”，表示泛指，故用不定冠詞。 答案：A 9．______ accident in China last week killed 21 preschoolers and two adults, increasing ______ urgency to draft new safety guidelines for school buses. A．The; a B．An; the C．The; an D．An; / 解析：考查冠詞。第一空表示泛指上周中國(guó)發(fā)生的“一個(gè)事故”或特指上周中國(guó)發(fā)生的“那場(chǎng)事故”都可以，故第一空an或the都可以。第二空表示特指為校車(chē)起草新的安全指導(dǎo)方案的“迫切(情況)”。綜合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，故選B。 答案：B 10．To learn this course, students should have ______ good mand of Chinese and English, as well as ______ good knowledge of law. A．/; the B．a(chǎn); / C．a(chǎn); a D．the; the 解析：考查冠詞。語(yǔ)意：學(xué)習(xí)該課程，學(xué)生不僅應(yīng)熟練掌握中英文，還應(yīng)熟悉法律知識(shí)。不可數(shù)的抽象名詞前用不定冠詞，表示某種具體的情況或概念。 答案：C 11．The State Oceanic Administration has asked ConocoPhillips China to make a thorough investigation of the ______ of oil spills to prevent similar cases. A．reason B．a(chǎn)im C．cause D．purpose 解析：句意：國(guó)家海洋局已經(jīng)要求康菲石油中國(guó)有限公司對(duì)石油泄漏的原因做一個(gè)徹底的調(diào)查，以防止類(lèi)似事件再發(fā)生。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。reason意為“原因，理由”，常與介詞for搭配；aim目的；cause原因，起因；purpose目的。根據(jù)題意正確答案為C項(xiàng)。 答案：C 12．I cant say which type of tea tastes better. Its just a(n) ______ of personal preference. A．a(chǎn)ffair B．problem C．variety D．matter 解析：句意：我不能說(shuō)哪種類(lèi)型的茶口味更好。這只是個(gè)人口味的問(wèn)題。Its just a matter of...這只是……的問(wèn)題。如：Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.處理這些問(wèn)題全憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 答案：D 13．Sometimes its a bit challenging to reach a ______ between parents expectations and their kids desires. A．mitment B．prehension C．cooperation D．promise 解析：句意：有時(shí)在家長(zhǎng)的期望和孩子的愿望之間達(dá)成妥協(xié)有點(diǎn)困難。A：承諾；B：理解(力)；C：合作；D：妥協(xié)，折中。 答案：D 14．He is a brilliant young footballer whose talent took him from ______ to riches. A．rags B．farmers C．bags D．beggars 解析：句意：他是優(yōu)秀的青年足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他的才能使他由窮變富。from rags to riches為固定詞組，意為“從赤貧到巨富”，符合句意。 答案：A 15．The pianist missed a ______ when playing the piano on the stage in the Grand Theater last night. A．line B．chance C．step D．beat 解析：句意：昨晚這位鋼琴家在大劇院的舞臺(tái)上演奏鋼琴時(shí)漏了一個(gè)節(jié)拍。beat在此處意為“節(jié)拍”。line線，臺(tái)詞；chance機(jī)會(huì)；step步驟。A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不符合句意。 答案：D