2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項突破 考點精講 第四節(jié) 動詞和動詞短語.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項突破 考點精講 第四節(jié) 動詞和動詞短語 考點一　動詞及動詞辨析 動詞的考查以辨析為主，有時考同義詞或近義詞之間的辨析，但更多的是同一題中的四個選項并無關(guān)聯(lián)，因此對動詞的掌握重在積累，要特別注意一詞多義與熟詞生義，下面就一些常見的熟詞生義現(xiàn)象作如下總結(jié)。 單詞 熟義 生義 admit 承認 接受某人(入學(xué)等) do 做 足夠或能滿足(需要) escape 逃跑；逃脫 被忘掉；被忽視 narrow 變窄 縮小 promise 答應(yīng)；許諾 有可能會 put 放置 表達或表述 stand 站立 忍受 help 幫助 某人忍不住做某事 lend 借 幫助某人/某事 I want something to eat; anything will do. 我想吃點東西， 隨便什么都行。 His name escaped me for the moment. 我一時想不起他的名字。 It promises to be warm this evening. 今晚有望轉(zhuǎn)暖。 As Deng Xiaoping put it，“Development is the only way.” 正如鄧小平所說：“發(fā)展才是硬道理?！? 考點二　動詞短語及辨析 動詞短語的辨析可分為三類：一是以動詞為主體詞的辨析；二是以副詞或介詞為主體詞的辨析；三是無關(guān)聯(lián)的動詞短語的辨析。下面就常見的動詞短語作如下總結(jié)： 1．a(chǎn)dd add ... to ...把……加在……上；add to 增加；add up 加起來；add up to 總計 Each new word and sentence you master will add to your confidence when speaking English. 每一個你所掌握的新單詞和新句子都會增加你說英語的信心。 2．break break away from 脫離；break down 壞掉，分解，垮下來；break out 爆發(fā)；break in 打斷，闖入；break into闖入；break through 突破；break up 打碎；分解；分手 A police officer came to our help when our car broke down on the way.我們的汽車在路上出了毛病，一位警官幫了我們的忙。 3．bring bring about 引起，導(dǎo)致；bring down 使降低，使下降；bring in 引進，賺進；bring out 取出，出版，生產(chǎn)，闡明；bring up 撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育；嘔吐 Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大， 他對生物很感樂趣。 4．call call at 拜訪(某地)；call for 去接(某人)，需要；call in 請來，召集；call on 拜訪(某人)，號召；call off 取消 This sort of work calls for a lot of patience. 做這類工作需要極大的耐心。 5．e e about 發(fā)生；e across偶遇，遭遇；e along跟隨；e out 出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是；e to共計；e up 出現(xiàn)，被提出；e up with提出 In the course of the experiments, they came across a series of new problems. 在試驗過程中他們碰到一系列新問題。 6．cut cut down 砍倒，削減；cut in 插嘴；cut off 切斷；cut up 切碎；cut out裁剪，戒掉 The village was cut off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month. 村莊被大雪封住不能與外界聯(lián)系長達一個月。 7．get get across 被理解，使通過；get away外出度假；get down to著手做；get in 收割；get into進入，養(yǎng)成；get off 下車/船/馬/飛機等；get over 克服；get through 完成，通過，解決，接通電話；get up起床；起身 This is the message that we want to get across to the public. 這條信息正是我想讓公眾理解的。 8．go go against違背；go out外出，熄滅；go over預(yù)習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)；go without沒有……也行；沒有……也可以勉強對付 Since there is no butter left, we had to go without. 既然奶油沒了， 我們只得將就一下。 9．look look into調(diào)查；look round/around 環(huán)顧；look through 瀏覽，透過……看；look up 向上看，查找；look up to尊敬；敬仰 My father certainly has great influence on me and I always look up to him. 我父親對我有極深遠的影響，我一直很崇敬他。 10．make make for 沖向；make out辨認出；make the best of充分利用；make up組成，編造；make up with彌補 We must work hard to make up for the lost time. 我們必須努力工作以彌補失去的時光。 11．put put away 收起，儲存；put down寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓；put forward 提出；put in放進，寫進；put off推遲；put on穿上，上演；put out 撲滅，出版，生產(chǎn)；put up 張貼，舉起，建造，留宿 We should put away our differences and work together for our mon goal. 我們應(yīng)該把分歧放在一邊，為共同的目標(biāo)而努力。 12．set set about 著手；set aside 撥出，置于一旁；set off 出發(fā)，引爆；set out 著手，出發(fā)；set up 建立；豎立 The village members set off firecrackers to celebrate the successful pletion of the reservoir. 為慶祝水庫的勝利建成，村民們放了鞭炮。 13．take take apart拆卸；take in 欺騙，吸收；take off 起飛，騰飛，脫掉；take on 呈現(xiàn)，雇用；take over 接管；take up 開始從事；占據(jù)；拿起 They no longer have to take on large numbers of temporary workers to do the harvesting. 他們再也不必雇用大量臨時工來收割農(nóng)作物。 14．turn turn down 拒絕，把音量關(guān)?。籺urn in 上交；turn on 打開；turn off 關(guān)掉；turn out 結(jié)果證明；turn over 翻開；turn to 求助于，轉(zhuǎn)向；turn up 出現(xiàn)；把音量開大 The party turned out to be very successful.結(jié)果證明晚會開得很成功。 (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第240頁) 1．(xx新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Would you like to________with us to the film tonight? A．e along　　　　B．e off C．e across D．e through 【解析】　首先了解四個選項的意思。e along表示“一起來”；e off表示“掉下，落下，摔倒”；e across表示“偶遇，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，被理解”；e through表示“傳來，安然度過，獲批準(zhǔn)”。句意：今晚和我們一起去看電影好嗎？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞with us及題意可知選A項。 【答案】　A 2．(xx湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival. A．a(chǎn)ssociate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register 【解析】　這里說的是在警署登記注冊，用register表示“登記，注冊”，register with表示“在……處登記”。associate“將……聯(lián)系起來”；dispute表示“異議，爭論，爭吵”；negotiate“協(xié)商；談判”。句意：按照該法律，所有外國人在到來的兩周內(nèi)必須到當(dāng)?shù)鼐鸬怯洝? 【答案】　D 3．(xx江蘇高考)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it. —Me too.The character of the town is well ________． A．qualified B．preserved C．decorated D．simplified 【解析】　本題中四個選項都為常見動詞，句中使用過去分詞作表語，具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。be qualified合格的，有資格的；be well preserved保存完好的；be well decorated裝飾得很漂亮的；be simplified被簡化的。根據(jù)句意：——這座小鎮(zhèn)是如此美麗！我實在是喜歡它?！乙彩?。小鎮(zhèn)的特色保存得很完好?？芍xB項。 【答案】　B 4．(xx浙江高考)A good listener takes part in the conversation，______ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing. A．realizing B．copying C．offering D．misunderstanding 【解析】　realize意識到；copy效仿；offer提出，提供；misunderstand誤解。句意：一個好的傾聽者參與談話時，要發(fā)表觀點，提出問題，以保持談話順利進行。由句意可知正確答案為C項。offering ideas and raising questions...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作伴隨狀語。 【答案】　C 5．(xx天津高考)I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to ________． A．get away B．drop in C．check out D．hold on 【解析】　本題四個選項都是常見動詞詞組。get away脫身，逃離，外出度假；drop in順便拜訪；check out檢查，核實；hold on堅持。根據(jù)but可知后面的wasnt able to________與前面的had hoped to take a holiday構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故get away符合題意。句意：我本希望今年去度假，但是沒能去成。 【答案】　A 6．(xx遼寧高考)Briggs will ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires. A．get away B．take over C．set off D．run out 【解析】　get away意為“走開，逃脫懲罰”；take over意為“接管，接任”；set off意為“出發(fā)，動身”；run out意為“用完，耗盡”。根據(jù)retires(退休)可得知答案。句意：當(dāng)Mitchell退休時，Briggs將會接任總經(jīng)理的職務(wù)。 【答案】　B 7．(xx江蘇高考)Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. A．get over B．look over C．take over D．e over 【解析】　本題中四個選項均為常見的動詞短語。get over克服，恢復(fù)，熬過；look over查看，仔細檢查；take over接收，接管；e over過來，來訪。根據(jù)句意：團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須確保所有成員克服他們發(fā)自內(nèi)心的渴望——想要避免犯錯所帶來的尷尬?？芍?，A項為正確答案。 【答案】　A 8．(xx江西高考)Mother always plains that children________their shoes very quickly. A．find out B．wash out C．wear out D．set out 【解析】　find out意為“查明”；wash out意為“洗凈”；wear out意為“用壞，穿破”；set out意為“動身，出發(fā)”。句意：媽媽總是抱怨孩子們很快就把鞋子穿爛了。根據(jù)語境判斷，此處用C項最為合適。 【答案】　C ?！M　題　組 1．(xx江蘇鹽城模擬)Getting your students________in classroom activities is vitally important. A．trapped B．devoted C．stuck D．involved 【解析】　句意：使你的學(xué)生參與課堂活動極其重要。trap使陷入困境；devote獻身；stick(在某物中)卡住；involve參與。 【答案】　D 2．(xx濟南模擬)—I will have to think about it again. —If you________，you may lose the opportunity to pete altogether. A．hesitate B．wonder C．continue D．fail 【解析】　句意：“我必須再次好好考慮一下?！薄叭绻悛q豫不決，你可能會失去這個比賽的好機會?！県esitate猶豫，遲疑；wonder想知道；continue繼續(xù)；fail失敗。 【答案】　A 3．(xx陜西寶雞模擬)He will have to find some other work，for he cant________this loud noise any more. A．e up with B．put up with C．make up with D．keep up with 【解析】　句意：他得找到另外一份工作，因為他再也忍受不了這種巨大的噪音了。A：想出；B：忍受；C：(與某人)言歸于好；D：跟上。 【答案】　B 4．(xx杭州外國語高中模擬)It has been reported that some government leaders________their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves. A．overlook B．employ C．a(chǎn)bandon D．a(chǎn)buse 【解析】　句意：據(jù)報道，一些政府官員濫用職權(quán)為自己謀取利益。overlook俯瞰；employ雇傭；abandon遺棄，拋棄；abuse濫用；辱罵。 【答案】　D 5．(xx山東濟寧模擬)New puters are soon out of date since newer models are________constantly. A．turned up B．turned out C．turned down D．turned over 【解析】　句意：由于更加新型的電腦不斷地生產(chǎn)，新電腦很快就會過時。A：出現(xiàn)；C：拒絕；D：翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)。turn out為及物動詞短語，意為“生產(chǎn)或制造某物”。newer models 與turn out為被動關(guān)系，故需用被動語態(tài)。本題易誤選A項，但turn up作“appear(出現(xiàn))”講時為不及物動詞短語，沒有被動語態(tài)。 【答案】　B 6．(xx福建畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)He made a good preparation for the job interview，for he couldnt________losing the good opportunity. A．a(chǎn)dmit B．delay C．a(chǎn)void D．risk 【解析】　句意：他為工作面試做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，因為他不能冒險失去這個好機會。A：承認；B：推遲；C：避免；D：冒險。 【答案】　D 7．(xx四川成都診斷)As the road to the airport is under reconstruction，wed better________ early to avoid the traffic jam. A．pay off B．set off C．put off D．take off 【解析】　句意：由于通向機場的路在重建，所以我們最好早點動身以避免交通阻塞。A：付清，取得成功；B：出發(fā)，動身；C：推遲；D：起飛，脫掉。 【答案】　B 8．(xx河北衡水一中模擬)Children who are over－protected by their parents may bee________． A．hurt B．spoiled C．damaged D．harmed 【解析】　句意：被父母過分保護的孩子可能會被寵壞。hurt傷害；spoil嬌慣，寵壞，溺愛；damage毀壞；harm傷害，損害。 【答案】　B 9．(xx天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考)A good speaker is supposed to manage to________the listeners what he means. A．make sense to B．a(chǎn)ppeal to C．a(chǎn)ttach to D．get across to 【解析】　句意：一個好的演講者應(yīng)該設(shè)法讓聽眾明白他的意思。make sense的主語往往是something，意思是：有意義，有道理，講得通。B項相當(dāng)于attract吸引；C：把……附在/系在……上；get across to sb.：to be municated or understood被傳達，被理解。 【答案】　D 10．(xx無錫模擬)All her hard work ________in the end，and she finally passed the exam. A．paid back B．paid off C．brought out D．brought off 【解析】　句意：所有的努力最終得到了回報，她通過了考試。pay back歸還；pay off還清，有回報；bring out拿出；bring off取消。 【答案】　B 11．(xx山東濟寧模擬)Maria________the interviewers with her knowledge and experience，and as a result she was offered the job. A．provided B．inspired C．persuaded D．impressed 【解析】　句意：瑪麗亞用知識和經(jīng)驗給面試官們留下了深刻的印象，因此她得到了這份工作。impress sb.with sth.用某物給某人留下深刻的印象，符合本題題意。provide提供；inspire鼓勵，激勵；persuade說服；都不合題意，故選D項。 【答案】　D 12．(xx安徽名校聯(lián)考)—What attracted you to our university? —You have a great basketball team and I can________for it. A．work out B．look out C．try out D．carry out 【解析】　句意：“是什么吸引你到我們的大學(xué)？”“你們這里有一支很好的籃球隊，我可以參加這支隊伍的選拔賽?！盇：解出，算出；D：執(zhí)行。以上兩項均不能與介詞for構(gòu)成固定短語。look out for小心；try out for參加……選拔(或試演)。又如：Shes trying out for the part of Cleopatra.她正在試演克婁巴特拉這個角色。 【答案】　C 13．(xx安徽安慶模擬)The two countries agreed to________their differences and work together for peace，which has a positive effect on the international situation. A．set down B．set out C．set aside D．set about 【解析】　句意：兩國同意擱置爭議，共同為和平努力，這對國際形勢有積極的影響。本題考查動詞短語辨析。set aside把……放在一邊，留出……，符合題意。set down記下，寫下；set out出發(fā)，動身；set about著手做，開始做。 【答案】　C 14．(xx江蘇南京模擬)She wanted to ask if he had news of Williams，but words________in her throat. A．burst B．stuck C．broke D．settled 【解析】　句意：她想問他是否有威廉姆斯的消息，但難于說出口。A：爆炸；B：卡??；C：破碎，破曉，轉(zhuǎn)晴；D：定居，(鳥等)飛落。 【答案】　B 15．(xx石家莊模擬)—Jack，this is the third time that you have been late this week. —Sorry，sir，but I was________for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam. A．give up B．put up C．taken up D．held up 【解析】　句意：“杰克，這是你本周第三次遲到了?！薄昂鼙?，先生，但我在來這里的路上遇到了堵車達15分鐘?！眀e held up受阻，符合題意。give up放棄；put up舉起，張貼，留宿；take up拿起，從事，占據(jù)。 【答案】　D 16．(xx河北教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)A college is going to________a students ability based on grades and then make the decision to admit or refuse an applicant. A．experiment B．parallel C．a(chǎn)ssess D．observe 【解析】　句意：大學(xué)將根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)對學(xué)生的能力進行評估，然后決定是否錄取。A：試驗；B：與……相似；D：觀察，遵守。assess評定，評估，估算。 【答案】　C 17．(xx東北三省四市教研協(xié)作體調(diào)研)If you cheat in the exam，you can hardly________it. A．put up with B．get away with C．break away with D．e up with 【解析】　句意：如果你考試作弊，你很難免受懲罰。A：忍受；B：做壞事而未受懲罰；沒有break away with結(jié)構(gòu)；D：想出。 【答案】　B 18．(xx安徽名校聯(lián)考)—John cant concentrate on his studies recently. —Yes，that might________why he did so badly in the last exam. A．a(chǎn)nswer for B．a(chǎn)pply for C．a(chǎn)ccount for D．call for 【解析】　句意：“約翰最近不能集中精力學(xué)習(xí)?！薄笆堑模强赡芫褪菫槭裁此洗慰荚嚳嫉煤懿畹脑?。”answer for：be responsible for對……負責(zé)；apply for申請；account for：be the explanation/cause of是……的原因；call for：demand，need要求，需要。 【答案】　C 19．(xx山東濟寧模擬)The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to________your anger. A．put down B．hold back C．keep up D．cut off 【解析】　句意：這場爭斗本來可以避免的，如果你們?nèi)魏我环侥芸刂谱∨鸬脑?。本題考查動詞短語辨析。hold back ones anger抑制住怒火，符合題意。put down放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；keep up保持，繼續(xù)，使不低落。 【答案】　B 20．(xx安徽名校聯(lián)考)According to the Nobel Prize organization，Mo Yans work displays a mixture of fantasy and reality，________historical and social aspects. A．conducting B．bining C．conflicting D．concluding 【解析】　句意：諾貝爾獎組委會認為莫言的作品把歷史方面和社會方面融為一體，展示了想象與現(xiàn)實的結(jié)合。A：引導(dǎo)；C：沖突；D：得出結(jié)論。bine：聯(lián)合，合并。又如：He bines creative imagination and true scholarship.他同時具有創(chuàng)造性想象力和真正的學(xué)問。 【答案】　B