2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 單元知識匯總 Book 3 Unit 8 Adventure 北師大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 單元知識匯總 Book 3 Unit 8 Adventure 北師大版 重點識記詞匯 1.adventure n.奇遇，冒險的經(jīng)歷 2.take off起飛 3.extra adj.特別的；額外的 4.optional adj.可選擇的，非強制的 5.right now就在此刻 6.extreme adj.極度的，極端的 7.in order to do sth.目的是，以便 8.exactly adv.確切地，精確地 9.turn up出現(xiàn)，到場；把(聲音)調(diào)大 10.back out決定不履行(承諾的事) 11.get across使理解(某事) 12.in turn輪流，依次 13.break out(壞事)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā) 14.put...into prison把……關(guān)進監(jiān)獄 15.stand by堅持(某種說法) 16.quantity n.數(shù)(量) 17.on one’s way在途中 18.run out of用完，耗盡 19.carry on繼續(xù)做某事 20.function vi.運轉(zhuǎn)；發(fā)揮作用 21.observe vt.觀察，觀測 22.shelter n.遮蔽，庇護所 23.presenter n.節(jié)目主持人 24.organisation n.團體，組織，機構(gòu) 25.break down(機器等)出故障；身體出毛病，垮掉 26.patience n.耐心→patient adj.耐心的 27.limit n.邊界，限度→limited adj.有限的 28.statement n.陳述→state vt.陳述，表達 29.differ vi.不同于，有區(qū)別→difference n.區(qū)別 30.anxious adj.憂慮的，擔心的→anxiety n.憂慮，擔心 31.major adj.較重要的；較嚴重的；n.專業(yè)課→majority n.大多數(shù)，多半 32.unfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的→fortable adj.舒服的，自在的 33.similarity n.相似性，類似性→similar adj.相似的，類似的 34.excitement n.興奮，激動→excited adj.激動的，興奮的→exciting adj.令人興奮的 35.various adj.各種各樣的，不同的→variety n.不同，種類→vary vi.有不同，呈差異 36.acmodation n.住所，處所→acmodate vt.能容納；(賓館等)能供(客人等)留宿 37.equipment n.設備，配備→equip vt.裝備，配備 38.preference n.較喜歡的東西，偏愛→prefer vt.更加喜歡 39.confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的→confusing adj.令人迷惑的 40.wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的→wealth n.富有，財富 41.preparation n.準備 →prepared adj.有準備的，準備好了的→prepare vt.&vi.準備，為……準備 42.ambition n.志向，抱負→ambitious adj.有野心的，雄心勃勃的 43.hopeless adj.沒有希望的→hopeful adj.有希望的 44.cheerful adj.愉快的，高興的→cheer vi.歡呼，使振奮 45.distant adj.遠處的；久遠的→distance n.遠處；久遠；距離 46.disadvantage n.不利，不利條件→advantage n.優(yōu)勢，有利條件 必背經(jīng)典句式 1.Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true. 雖然人們喜歡讀他的書，但是有許多人認為馬可波羅寫的關(guān)于中國的故事太神奇而不可信。 2. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接著漆黑的極地冬夜就開始了。 3.The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. 接下來離開的是奧茨上尉，他行走有很大的困難。 4.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. 他讓一群狗拉著雪橇而他的所有隊員都在滑雪板上。 構(gòu)詞記憶 　predict /prI′dIkt/vt.預言；預告；預料 preview /′pri?vju?/vt.預習；事先審查；預演；n.[C]&[U]預習；事先審查；預演；預告片 Ⅰ.詞匯與派生 A．語境填詞 1．These message types are optional(可選擇的)．They are not enforced by the runtime. 2．They stood to the adventure(冒險) in the Arctic，braving their life. 3．You copied this work off Paul because you’ve made exactly(完全地) the same mistakes. 4．We are making preparations(準備) for the ing examination. 5．Second，the science major(專業(yè)) can help me achieve my childhood dream of being a scientist. 6．Society cannot function(運轉(zhuǎn)) a single day without the “dull and boring” jobs. 7．Take some time and observe(觀察) how you value yourself and what you do. 8．After he pleted each article he experienced no excitement(興奮) and no happiness. 9．Saunder’s lawyer made a brief statement(陳述) to the press outside the court. 10．In production，we demand not only quantity(數(shù)量) but also quality. 11．Some people say that food，clothing and shelter(住所) are life essentials. 12．You may be charged 10% extra(額外的) for this service. B．用所給詞的適當形式填空 13．They met with many difficulties，for they lacked equipment (equip)，experience and technical data. 14．One had better see life in its various (vary) aspects when young. 15．The people she wrote about in her books are very similar (similarity) to people she knew. 16．You’ll have to be patient (patience) with my mother who’s going rather deaf. 17．It was with great sadness (sad) that we reported the death of James Banks yesterday. 18．There is milk and cream. Do you have a preference (prefer)? 19．Michael Jordan is not as wealthy (wealth) as Bill Gates but he has done pretty well. 20．The police are anxious (anxiety) to interview everyone concerned with last night’s accident. Ⅱ.短語運用 A．用方框內(nèi)所給動詞短語的適當形式填空 take off，stand by，differ from，take up，turn up，set up, get across，break down，run out of，put into prison， 21.He taught me how to get across my idea. 22．Peter liked to see planes take off from the airport. 23．The aircraft will run out of fuel in another hour. 24．That arrangement differs from the one I had in mind. 25．The telephone system has broken down. 26．The disaster of his being put into prision was unbearable to his family. 27．I’m sorry I’ve already taken up so much of your valuable time. 28．A fund will be set up for the orphans. 29．We waited for 30 minutes and finally he turned up. 30．Don’t just stand by. Please help me. B．用方框內(nèi)所給短語的適當形式填空 after a while，on one’s way，in turn，on the edge of，right now，in order to 31.Could you mail these letters on your way downtown? 32．The old man was taken care of by his children in turn. 33．How I wish I could fly there right now. 34．In order to do this you have to build up confidence. 35．His cigarette had gone out，and he laid it carefully on the edge of the table. 36．After a while the road opened up and they traveled more quickly. Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 37．I’m too glad to be invited to your birthday party. 我非常高興能被邀請參加你的生日聚會。 38．Li Na doesn’t have any difficulty (in) municating with the foreigners in English. 李娜用英語和外國人交流沒有任何困難。 39．Away flew the bird. 那只鳥飛走了。 40．I had him doing the work all night long. 我讓他干了一整晚上的工作。 1 major in主修 majority n.大多數(shù)；過半數(shù)；大部分 in a/the majority占大多數(shù) The major factor in the decision to stay or to leave was usually professional. 職業(yè)上的考慮往往是決定去留的主要因素。 He majored in finance in Beijing University. 他在北大主修金融專業(yè)。 [圖解助記] [夯實基礎] I’m a history major. (1)My major is history.(major作主語) (2)I major in history.(major作動詞) 2 differ from不同于；和……不同 differ in在……方面不同 make a difference有差別，有影響 tell the difference between A and B 分清A和B be different from...in...在……方面與……不同 The story he told the police differed from the one he told his mother. 他在警方和母親那里說辭不一。 The two leaders have differed on the issue of sanctions. 兩位領(lǐng)導人在制裁問題上存在意見分歧。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak. (2)Foreign auto makers differ in their response to the slowdown. (3)What you have told me may make a difference to my own position. (4)In a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. 3 [應試指導]　形容詞短語作狀語的考查 be anxious about sth.為某事憂慮，擔心 be anxious for sth.渴望某事 be anxious to do...渴望做……；急于做…… anxiety n.焦慮；不安；渴望 with anxiety焦慮地 He is very anxious about the results of the exam. 他很擔心考試的結(jié)果。 I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you. 我被告知學校輔導中心給學生提供幫助，現(xiàn)在我急于獲得你們的幫助。(新課標全國書面表達) [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)She was anxious that he (should) e(e) with her. (2)She was anxious to leave(leave) the room. (3)Don’t be anxious about her；she is already a grownup. (4)His sick wife is a great anxiety to him. 4 [多詞一義]　varieties of，all kinds of，different，a variety of a variety of＝varieties of種種的；各種各樣的 vary from...to...由……到……不等 vary with隨……變化 vary in在……方面變化 There are a variety of books for us to choose from，like history books，science books，literary books and so on. 有各種各樣的書供我們選擇，像歷史書、科幻書、文學書等等。(江西書面表達) [特別提醒] (1)a variety of/varieties of后接可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 (2)the variety of＋復數(shù)名詞，意為“……的品種”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 [夯實基礎] (1)用上述短語的適當形式填空 With the development of economy，there are varieties of goods in stores，varying from daily groceries to luxury goods，which greatly enriches people’s life.In addition，the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity. (2)語法填空 ①Lowacid varieties of orange juice are (be) also available. ②The variety of his books is (be) astonishing. 5 a piece of equipment一件設備 equip v.配備；裝備；使有所準備；使有能力 equip...with...用……裝備…… equip sb.for (doing) sth.使某人為(做)某事而準備 equip sb.to do sth.使某人能夠做某事 be equipped to do sth.使某人有準備做某事 Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people. 餐廳老板將必須在餐廳里配備能夠接納殘疾人的設施。 A basic twohour first aid course would equip you to deal with any of these incidents. 兩小時的基礎急救課程能夠讓你有能力處理這類事件。 [夯實基礎] (1)語法填空 ①They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest. ②She was fully equipped for the climbing. ③Your education will equip you for your future life. (2)They are equipped with new scientific farming methods，so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. Equipped with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) 6 [應試指導]　非謂語動詞句法功能的考查 confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆 be/get confused with/about對……感到困惑 be confusing令人困惑的 confusion n.混亂；混淆；困惑 in confusion處于混亂狀態(tài) I can’t see how anyone could confuse you with another! 我不明白怎么會有人把你和另外一個人搞混！ Things were happening too quickly and Brian was confused. 事情發(fā)生得太快，把布賴恩給弄糊涂了。 [夯實基礎] (1)用confuse的適當形式填空 ①This is a very confusing experience. ②We felt confused with the difficult question. ③The uncertainty created by this situation must have caused you much confusion. ④What confused us most was the result. (2)He was confused with the present situation so he didn’t know what to do next. Confused with the present situation，he didn’t know what to do next. (用過去分詞短語作原因狀語改寫句子) 7 [應試指導]　主謂一致的考查 in quantity大量 quantities of＋名詞＋復數(shù)謂語動詞 許多…… a quantity of＋復數(shù)名詞＋復數(shù)謂語動詞/＋不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語動詞 大量…… Quantities of food and tents were sent to Ya’ an from Shandong. 大量的食品和帳篷從山東運到了雅安。 My brother bought a large quantity of books. 我弟弟買了大量的書。 [夯實基礎] (1)語法填空 ①A large quantity of beer was sold(sell). ②Large quantities of food were(be) on the table. ③—Why does the river around the village smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water have been polluted(polluted) already. (2)完成句子 ①It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity(大量). ②There are large quantities of(大量的) rain in this area. 8 [應試指導]　(1)非謂語動詞作狀語、定語的考查　(2)活動類寫作高頻詞匯 achieve one’s aim達到目的；實現(xiàn)目標 with the aim of以期……，意在…… take aim at把目標對準…… without aim漫無目的地 be aimed at目的是；旨在, aim to do...目的要做…… The programme is aimed at teenage audience. 這個節(jié)目針對的是十幾歲的觀眾。 It’s important that you should have some sort of a goal to aim at. 有一個為之奮斗的目標是很重要的。 [圖解助記] [夯實基礎] (1)語法填空 ①Aimed(aim) at a higher target，the task is more challenging. ②His brother aims to be(be) a policeman. ③Never do anything without aim，or you’ll gain nothing. (2)完成句子 ①She went to London with the aim of finding a job(以期望找到一份工作). ②To talk without thinking is to shoot without aim(漫無目的地射擊). 9 [應試指導]　感官動詞后跟復合賓語的考查 observe sb.do/doing sth.觀察某人做過/正在做某事 observe the customs遵守習俗 observation n.觀察；觀測；監(jiān)視 make an observation of對……進行觀察 His neighbour observed a stranger go/going to his house. 他的鄰居注意到一個陌生人進了他的房子。 American forces are observing Christmas quietly. 美國部隊正在悄悄地慶祝圣誕節(jié)。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)When I passed his house，I observed him playing(play) in his yard. (2)He is often observed to cheat(cheat) at cards. (3)Observe(observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 10 advantage n.有利條件；優(yōu)勢；利益；好處 have/gain/win an advantage over占/獲得優(yōu)勢 have the advantage of有……的優(yōu)勢 take advantage of利用 to one’s advantage/disadvantage對某人有利/不利的是 at an advantage/a disadvantage處于有利地位/不利地位 One major disadvantage of the area is the lack of public transport. 這個地區(qū)的一大不便之處就是缺少公共交通工具。 I have the language advantages over others. 我比其他人占有語言上的優(yōu)勢。(天津書面表達) [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)We gain an advantage over our opponent because of much more resources. (2)They saw a new opportunity and took advantage of it. (3)He knew it was to his advantage to raise the first objection. (4)Handsome men are always at an advantage. 11 take/seek shelter from躲避…… under the shelter of在……的庇護下 give shelter to庇護 shelter...from...保護……免于…… Although horses do not generally mind the cold，shelter from rain and wind is important. 盡管馬一般不怕冷，但是有個能遮風擋雨的馬棚也是重要的。 Trees shelter the house from the wind. 樹給房子擋住了風。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)They found shelter from the storm in a barn. (2)Under the shelter of a tent，a crowd is gathered for a brunch. (3)They sheltered from a downpour under a tree. 12 There is a limit to...……是有限度的 limit...to...把……限定在……之內(nèi) within the limits of限定在……范圍之內(nèi) over/beyond the limit超量，超出限度 set a limit on對……規(guī)定限度 The team performed to the limit of its capabilities. 這個隊已竭盡全力。 [夯實基礎] (1)In my opinion，you had better set a limit on(對……限定) the expense of your trip. (2)There is a limit to(……是有限度的) what one person can tolerate. 1 [應試指導]　 turn短語語境詞義辨析 turn away打發(fā)走；禁止入內(nèi) turn around翻身，轉(zhuǎn)身 turn down拒絕；調(diào)小 turn into變成 turn out生產(chǎn)；結(jié)果是；證明是；出席，在場 turn over移交 turn on/off打開/關(guān)掉 turn to sb.向某人求助 as it turned out果然如此 take a turn轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)彎 Some allA students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected. 學校里一些優(yōu)秀學生踏入社會后不像人們預料的那么成功。(陜西書面表達) [夯實基礎] 選擇方框內(nèi)的短語填空 (1)When the sports hero turned up at our party，he was weled with open arms. (2)I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police. (3)New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. (4)Don’t turn off the puter before closing all programs，or you could have problems.(xx北京，22) (5)If nothing is done，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 2 get across使理解(某事) get away from從……脫離；逃脫 get away with(做了某事)而不受懲罰；攜帶……跑掉 get over克服；恢復 get down to開始；著手 get sb.down使沮喪；使悲傷 get round/around走動；(消息)傳開 The policeman can’t have the thief get away with stealing people’s money. 警察不能容忍小偷偷了人們的錢而跑掉。 I like to get down to work by 9. 我喜歡在9點之前開始工作。 [夯實基礎] 用get短語的適當形式填空 (1)She gets around with the help of a stick. (2)Have you got over the scare you had yesterday? (3)He sometimes has trouble getting his meaning across in English. (4)She got away from the dog but she had bite marks on her leg. 3 [應試指導]　“break＋副詞”類語境詞義辨析 break up打碎；解散；結(jié)束；分手；拆散 break off中斷 break through突破；沖破 break out爆發(fā) Negotiations between the two sides have broke down. 雙方談判失敗了。 Police were called in to break up the meeting. 有人叫來了警察將聚會驅(qū)散。 [圖解助記] [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)His health broke down from the stress of the new job. (2)My girlfriend has broken up with me. (3)It will take ten years to break through the cultural barriers. (4)A fire broke out last night. 4 [多詞一義]　run out of，give out，use up run out結(jié)束；用完(主語為物，無被動語態(tài)) give out用完；放出(熱、光等)；公布(不及物，一般不用于進行時態(tài)) use up用完(及物) run away from逃離，躲避 So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply ran out of time before seeing it all. 北京提供了如此多的有趣景點以至于大多數(shù)游客用光了所有時間也沒有看完。 Our food will soon run out. 我們的食物不久就要吃光了。 [夯實基礎] He ran out of his ink.(一句多譯) (1)His ink was run out of.(改為被動句) (2)His ink ran out.(用run out改寫句子) (3)His ink gave out.(用give短語改寫句子) (4)His ink was used up.(用use up改寫句子) 1 Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco’s Stories about China were too fantastic to be true.雖然人們喜歡讀他的書，但是有許多人認為馬可波羅寫的關(guān)于中國的故事太神奇而不可信。 (1)too...to...太……而不能…… (2)too...to...與not或never連用時，意為“無論……也不過分，越……越好”。cannot be too...再……也不過分 (3)only/just/but too...to...非?！プ?too前的only/just/but不僅沒有否定意義，反而加重了too的肯定語氣)。 (4)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...句型表示肯定，作“過于、太會……”解。 (5)too...not to...表示肯定，含義是“非?！囟?；太……不會不……”。 That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. 那就是那臺零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機器。 I’ll be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you. 我能為您效勞，真是十分高興。 [夯實基礎] 翻譯句子 (1)Mary is too wise not to know it. 瑪麗很聰明，不會不懂的。 (2)She is too ready to get angry. 她動不動就生氣。 (3)You cannot be too careful. 小心無過火。/你再小心也不為過。/你越小心越好。 (4)One is never too old to learn. 活到老學到老。 2 當then，there，up，down，away，off，now，here，in，out等表示方位或位置變化的副詞放在句首，且謂語是表示存在的動詞(如lie，live，sit，stand)或e，go，rise等動詞并且主語是名詞時，句子一般要全部倒裝，即把謂語動詞整個提到主語前。這類句子比自然語序的句子更為生動、形象。但如果主語是代詞時，即使把這些詞放在句首，也不倒裝。 Now，here goes the story.這個故事是這樣的。 Away flew the bird.那只鳥飛走了。 There she goes.她去那兒了。 [夯實基礎] 單句改錯 (1)Here es it. Here it es. (2)At the top of the hill the tiny church stood. At the top of the hill stood the tiny church. 3 單元語法 ——語法填空 (1)This is the very bus that I’m waiting for. (2)Look out！Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is under repair. (3)All the neighbors admire this family，where the parents are treating their child like a friend. (4)We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people，most of whom are healthy. (5)After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　高考題組 Ⅰ.短文改錯(xx遼寧) Dear Jeremy and Alice, Although we’ve been delighted to have you as neighbors，we’re hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word，your dog—Cleo. We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she’s outside.The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.Beside，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 o’clock.That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are. We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. Sincerely， Jack and Rose 答案 Dear Jeremy and Alice, Although we’ve been delighted to have you as neighbors，we’re hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word，your dog—Cleo. We’ve called several about Cleo’s early morning barking.It is difficult to why she barks every minute she’s outside.The early morning barking been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.，Cleo tends to bark average of six hours a day.This morning she barking even before 5 o’clock.That is too much for us，considering how the houses are. We appreciate apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. Sincerely， Jack and Rose Ⅱ.寫作常用句翻譯 1.這些書有許多優(yōu)點。(advantage)(xx遼寧書面表達) These books have many advantages. 2.他出生于一個貧窮家庭，童年只接受過有限的教育。(limit)(xx浙江書面表達) He was born in a poor family，and only received a limited education in his childhood. 3.在我們學校里有各種各樣的活動，例如藝術(shù)和體育。(various)(2011四川書面表達) In our school，there are various kinds of activities，for example，arts and sports. 4.然后我向老師求助，他勸我和他人合作。(turn to)(2011湖北短文寫作) Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others. 模擬題組 Ⅰ.語法填空 1.Although they differ in character from each other，it does not make much difference to their friendship. 2.Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running (run) out.We must act immediately before there’s none left. 3.I’ve bee good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. 4.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision. 5.This treatment is not available in the majority of hospitals. 6.How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? 7.I hope that full advantage is taken (take) of our library. 8.Some parents are just too protective.They want to shelter their kids from every kind of danger，real or imagined. 9.It’s unfair that he gets away with cheating because he’s a famous author. 10.Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help have been offered (offer) since the organization was built. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.We all know that he has a preference of pop music rather than classic music.of→for 2.He said he was quite preparing to do anything for us.preparing→prepared 3.He is often observed go shopping with his classmates.observed后加上to 4.I hope that full advantage is taken the hotel facilities.taken后加上of 5.He risked his life save the boy who fell into the river.life后加上to 6.The two squares different in color but not in size.squares后加上are或different→differ 7.They are running out oil and the plane has to land on the field.out后加上of 8.The bus had been broken down，so the passengers had to ask for a lift.去掉been 9.And our porters carry your luggage，it means that you can simply enjoy the experience.it→which 10.Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help，have offered since the organization was built.have后加上been Ⅲ.寫作句式升級訓練 1.We expect that every one of you will be part of the event.It encourages creat