現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解3教學(xué).ppt

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語法課堂,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),下一頁,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,havebeen與havegone比較,與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,have(has）+過去分詞,present(now),future,past,domyhomework,Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.,John:Mum,Ihavealready(已經(jīng))cleanedthem.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：,肯定式：主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.疑問式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?否定式:主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.,例句：,6.Hashegonetothelibrary?他是去了圖書館嗎？Yes,hehas.是的，是去那里了。No,hehasn’t.不，他沒去那里。7.HowlonghasMrsSmithbeeninBeijing？Smith夫人來北京多長時(shí)間了？,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,上一頁,下一頁,--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),主菜單,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),,,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用(1):1．在表示“用法1”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和副詞already,yet,never,ever,before,just等連用。.,a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣；yet用于否定句和疑問句。,Hehasalreadylefthere.他已經(jīng)離開這里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語氣）Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過信了嗎？,2.yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句:句末“還(沒)”,疑問句:句末“己經(jīng)”,Eg.Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?,卡盟卡盟,MicrosoftOfficePowerPoint，是微軟公司的演示文稿軟件。用戶可以在投影儀或者計(jì)算機(jī)上進(jìn)行演示，也可以將演示文稿打印出來，制作成膠片，以便應(yīng)用到更廣泛的領(lǐng)域中。利用MicrosoftOfficePowerPoint不僅可以創(chuàng)建演示文稿，還可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上召開面對面會(huì)議、遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議或在網(wǎng)上給觀眾展示演示文稿。MicrosoftOfficePowerPoint做出來的東西叫演示文稿，其格式后綴名為：ppt、pptx；或者也可以保存為：pdf、圖片格式等,b）never是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever表示“曾經(jīng)”,WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我們從來沒有去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？,c）just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過去分詞之間）,Hehasjustcomeback.他剛剛回來。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。,3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷.,上一頁,下一頁,IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去過頤和園),Ihaveneverhadacar.(我從未有過汽車。),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,◆常與①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks⑩thesedays,⑾since⑿foralongtime連用,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,,IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，sofar等時(shí)間狀語連用。,,1.for+,Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.,一段時(shí)間,2.since+,從句(一般過去時(shí)),,,單詞,詞組,(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.,since:(自…以來)1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+從句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(長達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.,since,for的用法:,,Takenotes,注1):since也可單獨(dú)使用,表示“自那時(shí)起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語氣.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.,注2):對for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問必須用howlong,決不能用when.,Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.,Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?,Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.,Howlonghasshestoodhere?,※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換,leave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--,join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--,beaway(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,beover,bein/bea/an…,beon,bedead,beclosed,beopen,beback,bemarried,be,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,●短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：①become,②begin,③buy,④borrow,⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。,上一頁,下一頁,●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。,主菜單,become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…，die→bedead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）leave→beaway(from…),,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,●但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,?翻譯練習(xí)：1.我買了這塊手表五年了。2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。,Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.,Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.,,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3daysago.,Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.,Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.,,W,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,havebeen與havegone的用法比較,havebeento意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去過桂林，我去年去的。ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已經(jīng)去南京了。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,?與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,四)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))=一段時(shí)間+haspassed+since+句子(一般過去時(shí)),Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.,eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。,上一頁,下一頁,?第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。,?第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說明。,主菜單,二．當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí):,上一頁,下一頁,eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.,但since(自…以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。,eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.,Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.,主菜單,三．常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:,上一頁,下一頁,yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;,eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.,Wefinishedourtasklastweek.,主菜單,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí),主菜單,動(dòng)詞填空：1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?,Have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did,Has,,seen,did,see,saw,,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.,haveread,hasgone,did,go,went,havedeveloped,gave,hasgiven,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空,Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.,havebeenin,hasgoneto,havebeen,Havebeen,hasbeen,hasgone,havebeen,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,改錯(cuò)1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,Thehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning,,,,,,6.--Whenwilltheyleave?---They______verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7--Washestudyingforanexam?--Yes,hes____itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth____round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_______suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting______AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts,,,,,,、翻譯下列句子：1.你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？2.我剛剛丟了我的語文書。3.我以前從來沒去過那個(gè)公園。4.他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。5.你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？6.我哥哥還沒回來。7.我自從上星期看過這部電影。8.自從1992年他住在這里。9.這本字典我已買了三年了。10.他離開中國三年了,1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.8Hehaslivedheresince1992.9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.,