愛麗絲夢游仙境中的女權(quán)主義論文

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1、 本科畢業(yè)論文 題目： On the Feminism in the Film Alice in Wonderland 學(xué)院: 外語學(xué)院 班級： 08級英語六班 姓名： 侯曉玲 指導(dǎo)教師： 龐中蘭 職稱： 講師 完成日期： 2012 年

2、 6 月 1 日 20 On the Feminism in the Film Alice in Wonderland Abstract (English): Alice in wonderland, which run in 2010, is Tim Burtons work (a famous Hollywood director). Different from original story with the innocent fantasy plots, the film told an advent

3、ure story of adult Alice Kingsley, who returned to the fairyland. Works showed us a woman with all excellent property of female’s and that of male’s. As a leading role, it can be seen obviously that she is against patriarchal society in order to achieve self-identity. From the perspective of feminis

4、t theory, this paper analyzes how the movie heroine realizes ego identity. Meanwhile, specific behaviors on each person caused by male and female temperament will be interpreted by means of "androgyny" theory. Just different temperaments results in their own value and fate. This paper will help peop

5、le understand feminist theory deeply. And it also contributes to modern feminist theory. What’s more, "androgyny" theory can be applied to people’s daily lives. Key words: Alice; patriarchal society; feminism; androgyny Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 4

6、 1.1 The rise of feminism in Victorian Period in England 4 1.2 The situation of gender ideology in patriarchal society 4 1.3 The common sense of “androgyny” 5 2. The process of building self-identity and achieving value as a female 5 2.1 Alice incompatibility with her real society 5 2.2 Grow--

7、up Alice’s identity to sexual distinction in the real world 6 2.3 Reading Alice’s Gender identity in the wonderland 8 2.3.1 Compared to the meaning of Red Queen and White Queen 9 2.3.2 The function of jabberwocky to Alice’s growing 10 2.4 Enlightenment of returned Alice 11 3. The reflection of

8、male and female temperament on movie roles 13 3.1 Alice 13 3.2 Hatter 15 3.3 White Queen 15 3.4 Red Queen 16 3.5 Best wishes 16 Conclusion 17 Primary Source 17 References 錯誤！未定義書簽。 Abstract (Chinese) 19 1 Introduction 1.1 The rise of feminism in Victorian Period in England

9、 As one of the most glorious phrase in England history, Victorian period emerges a large number of writers and works as well as organizations and activities. Generally, regarded as a complicated age, with various contradictions in tradition and modernity, superstition and science, democratization

10、and despotism, conservatism and radicalism, passion and ration, all people’s lives, social economy, politics even ideology starts to change in England. The primary stage of feminism appeared in Europe and America, influenced by French Revolution. It also affects England and then a series of women o

11、rganizations for equal rights widely. Faced with the real condition of being uneducated, no property right, low economic status even without vote, some pioneering women and scholars requested to improve women’s moral awareness and level of intelligence so as to strengthen their reason and gain right

12、s in politics as well as economics. Herbert Spencer supports women’s political and social emancipation. He explained: “equity knows no difference to that law, exists in the feminine mind as well. Hence the several rights deducible from that law must appertain equally to both sexes.” 1.2 The situat

13、ion of gender ideology in patriarchal society Women of middle-class patriarchal society in Victorian Period are forced with multifarious chains by men. Judging the value of the female on the basis of that of the male is the main cultural character. All it follows is standards and rules made by men.

14、 They prepare a whole set of strict moral and ethical system for female’s thoughts and behaviors. Millett points out that because of the social environment, men and women have their own culture in fact. The formation of sexual identity runs through their whole childhood. They are educated on the bas

15、is of the difference between gender to have proper qualities, characters, interest and status etc. Being rich in aggressive nature and enterprise are regarded as ideal makings to men, whereas conquering desire and impulsion are necessary to women. Hence moral sense at that time claims that all thing

16、s women should submit to men and obey their lead. The best home to return for the female is to have a marriage between families of equal social rank to guarantee their own lives. On the basis of Edith Wharton’s experience (1862-1937), who is a person of foresight in feminism: the female is only a ki

17、nd of essential goods, sold to become men’s appendages. They are controlled completely by men in life, and get to be the targets and objects for men vaunting and hunting. 1.3 The common sense of “androgyny” The word “androgyny” contains two morphemes: “andr-” and “gny-”, which means “man” and “wom

18、an” accordingly. The common interpretation is that one has characters of both men and women. As a quite ancient idea, it’s reflected in many sorts of fields. And many famous writers and directors have involved this idea consciously or unconsciously. Derived from Greek original mythology, androgyny e

19、xists widely in world cultural themes, getting to be an important concept used by feminists in the 20th century. The view of thought “everyone is created equal” includes men and women undoubtedly. Virginia Woolf, the British novelist, critic and feminism theoretician, first formally introduces th

20、is idea. By researching the gender difference in patriarchal society and uniqueness about women’s existence, androgyny is firstly used as women’s value and personality for integrated and free development. Woolf thought: “androgyny is an ideal relationship between man and women.” On the basis of Wool

21、f, androgyny theory and ideology of character diversification have expounded and developed by many feminists in Europe and America in later years. 2 The process of building self-identity and achieving values as a female 2.1 Alice incompatibility with her real society An intelligent and passio

22、nate girl is completely unacceptable to the value of “angels at home”, to say nothing of rebellion. Undoubtedly, Alice, who doesn’t submit to the control of men in Victorian Period, is not like other girls. Alice’s audacious and vagarious thoughts are an overt challenge to the patriarchal society in

23、 which she lived. Obviously, Alice---the heroine of the wonderland, whose behaviors and idea have threatened the traditional ideology at that time in England, is a typical antagonist to her society. It is well--known that dependent, beautiful and docile characters are the ideal qualities girls sh

24、ould have, which is deemed to the idealization of womanhood. But, in place of “angels at home”, Alice is against corset, stockings as well as any uncomfortable dress without pockets. Let alone marrying a man she didn’t like any more. However, in order to appeal to the notion of femininity, her mothe

25、r brings her to join an arranged party---her engagement party. Of course, Alice knows nothing about this. Automatically, all people’s efforts and hope ended in total failure by Alice’s beginning hesitation and final firm refusal. Factually, it is easily understood that such a special girl won’t be b

26、ound to seek the true feelings will live. It can be seen from the film episode that her larruping mind and distinctive behaviors forms in her early years. All small acts in her childhood dream of rebelling against the Red Queen can be explained as the nutriment for her later courage, because she h

27、as been so often told that “all the best people are mad, bonkers and off their head.” As for the adult Alice, easy distract with audacious thought (all the ladies in trousers and the men wearing dresses) still contradicted with the real world. But Alice would not give in. After struggling with hers

28、elf and with the help of the wonderland’s kind members (such as blue caterpillar, hatter and dog Bayard etc.) she becomes the true Alice and slays the Jabberwocky. No matter where Alice is, in wonderland or the real world, her attitude toward restriction and tyranny results in her incompatibility to

29、 the society. 2.2 Grow--up Alice’s identity to sexual distinction in the real world In the film, Alice Kingsley runs into the forest following a rabbit due to anxious in real life. Incautiously, she falls down a hole and hits her head, then gets in the wonderland. The tree hole she passed through

30、 is actually a way of connecting two different gender cultural societies: one is the real patriarchal society with patriarchy--centered culture, and the other is matriarchal society of the visional world or in memory. In the real life, Alice Kingsley, a grown--up girl, who drops into the dark hole,

31、 is a typical middle--class figure in Victorian Period. There are so many patriarchal views given to her just like chains. Women’s value is to find a good person who have riches and can guarantee their last lives. Women’s beauty is considered as capital to trap men. Thus to find proper husbands befo

32、re the pretty faces lost becomes the most important thing for them. In Alice real life, director arranged a lot of female roles that conformed to sexual norms in that century to show their necessity---Alice’s mother and sister are the right examples who achieve happiness in the patriarchal marriage

33、institution. On the contrary, one who hasn’t marriage will not obtain this kind of happiness, like Aunt Imogene, who always has a vision that a man will marry her. In terms of Alice herself, everyone admits her beauty, the qualification of which could exchange for one’s happiness. But in the proces

34、s of seeking happiness, there is no chance to express her idea: she attends her own engagement party in the case of knowing noting about it. Meanwhile, all guests expect that Alice would be glad to accept this Mr. Right. Just as Alice tells Hamish when she is proposed, “Everyone expects me to, and y

35、ou are a lord. My face won’t last”. The others’ hope becomes the possibilities of her acceptance of this proposal. Because amenably accepting others’ opinion, especially the parents’, is fitted for the leading sexual politics of male culture in patriarchal society. But, “women sometimes against fo

36、r self-defense to get rid of the enslaved fate.” Alice who is bounded has come up with this idea to resist. With the dissatisfaction to the prejudice of the society, she expresses many kinds of rebel behaviors, which are not suitable for the culture in patriarchal society. At the first place, Alice

37、 refuses corset and stockings. On the one hand, the corset wraps up women’s body tightly, which damages women’s body severely and confines their free movement. Corset is actually one of cultural symbols in patriarchal society, which artificially oppresses female image to an effeminate one. It embodi

38、es the set of values in patriarchal society bounding female’s body freedom. On the other hand, in order to cater to the distortion of the image definition for them, women wear heavy corset and stockings to meet men’s taste. To a certain extent, it suggests that women are assimilated into men’s cultu

39、re. Thus Alice who refuses to wear tight bra is rebuked for “inappropriate”. Although Alice is lost at this time, not really leading her own life, her refusal action to assimilation by male--oriented society is spontaneous dissatisfaction performance. Second, for Alice, it is depressing to join the

40、social activities. Relative to jump for quadrille (a famous social dance), she tends to keen on flying her imagination and thinking some impossible things. Facing the stereotype of social norms, Alice imaginative fancy is explained by Hamish to “easily distracting”, which is regarded as lack of att

41、ention. In the patriarchal society, women are often thought behind men in mind. So misunderstanding Alice’s imagination is actually the belittlement to women. Even so, Alice still pays no attention. She even proposes Mrs. Harrison to paint white roses red if she doesn’t like them. As we all know, th

42、e idea above is what she does for Red Queen in wonderland when she is only a child. It reflected that she breaks through social stereotypes in the real. She has strong desire for looking for her past. 2.3 Reading Alice’s Gender identity in the wonderland 13 years later, the wonderland has some d

43、ifferent from where the child Alice comes. As master in whole wonderland, it can be seen the original matriarchal society. The war for power is between two female leaders: White Queen and Red Queen. No matter which one the crown belongs to, representative of evil (Red Queen) or kind image (White Qu

44、een), women are on top in the power structure of the fairyland, leading and dominating development of whole world. Alice’s experience in wonderland in her childhood leaves her the most precious memory about gender culture. These memories contain Alice’s identity on value of female existence as indiv

45、idual and the weak part in that time. Because women-dominated culture in fairyland goes against the culture in the real life, so it is hardly understood by common people, and is always supposed to be an “unreal dream”. Influenced by patriarchal culture, adult Alice Kingsley gradually forgets he

46、r existing experience as an individual female. Meanwhile, sense of identity of female inside also becomes very fuzzy. Male culture in real life in her mind is consciously degenerated. Alice’s memory of her child-dream becomes into an unconscious state, leading the strong conflict between patriarchal

47、 culture and her own in nature. Like a collective conscious metaphor of women power in matriarchal society, fairyland memory has always been there (in the consciousness of adult Alice), bursting out constantly in the form of “dream” in her mind. Emergence of dream is actually a desire for satisfacti

48、on. According to Freud’s interpretation of dream theory:” when in sleep, one’s own check is in a relax state. So desire in sub consciousness bypasses resistance in the way of disguise, intruding into consciousness and forming the dream.” So dream expresses subconscious desire euphemistically, whic

49、h is repressed when one is awake. Adult Alice Kingsley is unable to get approval of her own identity and value of women’s existence. Only through daily repeated fairyland dream could she deliver anxiety in Victorian society, desire for achieving female’s value and hope to accomplish gender identity

50、as a woman. The Queen’s image posited in movie is not only a parody of definition (women are typed in western society in Victorian Period) but also a subversion to British chauvinism: both White Queen (kind but weird) and Red Queen (brutality but pure) are Tim Burton’s black fairy tale. Those charac

51、ters he made are not from pure fairyland but a kind of exaggeration and amplification to reality society and human nature. It is known that women’s meaning and connotation is decided by men. After entering the fairyland, Alice doesn’t get rid of the bondage of patriarchal culture. She still thinks

52、 it is just a "dream", and tries to make the sense of pain (her father told her method) to make her wake up then returns to the real world. At the same time, she has lost that kind of courage and integrity that child Alice ever has, thinking female are the weak who needs protection under male’s cont

53、rol. With the uncertainty whether Alice Kingsley is the right one causes debate among fairyland residents such as the Cheshire cat, the dormouse, fatty brothers etc. she refuses to face her "warrior" ability. After going through series of fantasy adventures like a swamp, kill the dragon, save the we

54、ak and so forth, Alice truly find her back as individual value. 2.3.1 Compared to the meaning of Red Queen and White Queen Female tend to be typed generally “angel” and “demons”. On the surface, White Queen looks like “angel” because she has beautiful, kind and gentle qualities, while Red Queen is

55、 the characterization of “demon” with evil, ugly and cruel qualities. Dressed in white makes people a good impression. But White Queen is not really docile and weak as what people expected. She leaves audience more is exaggerated, dramatic and affected performance. In front of all people, she moves

56、slowly and affectedly to remain gentle and cultivated. As the matter of fact, she herself has the ability to kill jabberwocky. Due to her weak mask, only she could do is tempting Alice to slay it. In the film, her lips are tricky black like ink. She cooks magic potion with dry and terrible cream fin

57、gers and vomit saliva inside. In the end, using jabberwocky’s blood, she makes Alice return to the real world. All of these give White Queen weird and gothic color. It thoroughly overturns the sense of pure and white quality in audience’s mind. As Anne Hathaway, the actress who played White Queen:

58、 “she really likes dark side, but is afraid to go too deep, so she always appears to relax and happy.” The image of White queen is subversion to angel of the women in the patriarchy society, revealing the absurdity and hypocritical of the definition that male force to female’s qualities. But, to rel

59、ative to the White queen affected action, although Red queen is cruel with disproportionate head and body, her image is more vivid in the film. Her behaviors reveal some precious qualities such as love and hate without hesitation, unfairness, briefness etc. Her brutal heart also couldn’t compare to

60、lies around her. In fact, she drops into the trap of men, becoming red hearts knight puppet for the power. Although in people’s eyes, she is a tyrant, but she is also eager to get warm and desire for love. When red hearts knight kisses her, she blushes. She even confuses why all the people feel her

61、terrible, and no one like her. In a way, Red Queen is a radical feminist image, who subverts the image of the devil that male--cultural tradition of women. At last in the film, Red Queen is defeat by White Queen, and the crown as well as power returns to White Queen again. While finally, what let he

62、r collapse is not the lost of symbol power crown, but for a loved one betrayal. The collapsed Red Queen vividly shows us how hopeless she is. 2.3.2 The function of jabberwocky to Alice’s growing In the whole self-identity process, jabberwocky also plays an important role with many metaphor means.

63、First of all, in western culture and myths, the dragon is the symbol of evil. Killing dragon is the symbol of male power, and is the affirmation to the male of justice and power. Meanwhile, in terms of movie itself, in the prophecy, the person killing dragon is a young person, and that is why Red Qu

64、een hasn’t known "warrior" gender clearly. Therefore, as a woman, Alice’s behavior is subversion for men: warriors were converted into women. Only Alice becomes "warrior" can save the world. All of the men including hatter is ruled out. In addition, the meaning of slaying jabberwocky is also subvers

65、ion. From point of Red Queens view, it is only tools for women to maintain their own power. Finally, jabberwocky itself discriminates against women, thinking its opponent is not Alice (the representative of women) but vorpal sword. It denies Alice’s "warrior" status even refuses to place Alice in th

66、e status of equivalence. Note worthily, the way Alice slays dragon is cutting down its head one-off. To a certain extent, it is the imitation of the way Red Queen displays the power: in the movie, Red Queens favorite words are "off with his head" .She is keen on using this extreme ways to show the absolute power to the whole wonderland. And through fight with dragon, Alice completes the identity of herself and women’s value. Death of jabberwocky symbolizes the disappearance of male culture in