2019屆中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 中考語法專項(xiàng) 第33課 疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句與倒裝句基礎(chǔ)知識.doc

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第33課 疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句與倒裝句 課堂突破 疑問句 1. 一般疑問句：就是可以用yes或no來回答的句子。如： ①Can you play the guitar? 你會彈吉他嗎？ ②Are you in Class Two, Grade One? 你在一（2）班嗎？ ③Does she live in Beijing? 她住在北京嗎？ 2. 特殊疑問句： （1）構(gòu)成：疑問詞+一般疑問句？ （2）常見的疑問詞或疑問詞組有what, who, whose, where, when, why, how, which, what time, how old, how long, how many, how much, how often等。 3. 選擇疑問句：一般疑問句+or+一般疑問句，提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇一種來回答。如：Do you want tea or coffee? 你要茶還是咖啡？ 4. 反意疑問句：在陳述句后面，提出簡略反問的句子叫反意疑問句。若陳述部分是肯定的，反問部分則是否定的；若陳述部分是否定的，則反問部分為肯定的，而且前后時態(tài)要一致。如： ①—He can sing well, can’t he? 他能唱得很好，不是嗎？ —Yes, he can./No, he can’t. 是的。/不是。 ②—They didn’t come back, did they? 他們沒有回來，是嗎？ —Yes, they did./No, they didn’t. 不，他們回來了。/是的，他們沒有回來。 注：陳述句中有no, little, never, hardly等否定詞時，反意疑問句應(yīng)用肯定形式。如：We have never been to the Great Wall, have we? 我們從來沒去過長城，是嗎？ 5. 祈使句的反意疑問句：肯定祈使句+will/won’t you?，否定祈使句+will you?，Let’s...+shall we?，Let us...+will you?。 6. 感嘆句的反意疑問句一律用否定式，并用be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時。如：What a lovely dog, isn’t it? 多可愛的一只狗，不是嗎？ 7. 陳述部分如果是“I （don’t） think/suppose/expect/believe/imagine+that從句”時，附加部分的主語與動詞要和從句中的主謂語保持一致，要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如：I think she can do it well, can’t she? 我認(rèn)為她能做好，不是嗎？ 【活學(xué)活用】 根據(jù)句意完成疑問句。 1. —__________ can you finish the report on food safety? —In two days. 2. She doesn’t like pop music,__________ ? 3. —__________ is it from your home to school? —It’s three kilometers. 4. —__________are you always staying up so late these days? —To prepare for my final exam. 祈使句 祈使句用來提出請求、建議或發(fā)出命令。如： ①Sit down, please. 請坐下。 ②Be careful!小心！ ③Let’s do sports now. 現(xiàn)在讓我們做運(yùn)動。 1. 否定形式： （1）let’s開頭的祈使句后加not。如：Let’s not do sports now. 現(xiàn)在我們不做運(yùn)動。 （2）其他的均以don’t放在句子開頭。如： ①Don’t be afraid!不要害怕！ ②Don’t stand there!不要站在那兒！ 2. 祈使句+and+一般將來時。祈使句有時相當(dāng)于一個由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如： ①Study harder, and you will catch up with the others in your class. 學(xué)習(xí)更努力些，你會趕上班上其他同學(xué)的。 ②If you study harder, you will catch up with the others in your class. 如果你學(xué)習(xí)再努力些，你就會趕上班上其他同學(xué)。 3. 祈使句+or+一般將來時。如：Hurry up, or you will be late for school. 快點(diǎn)，否則你上學(xué)要遲到了。 4. 祈使句的回答：祈使句通常表示將來要發(fā)生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用will或won’t?；卮鹁哂蟹穸ㄒ饬x的祈使句時，注意以下幾點(diǎn)： （1）形式一致：Yes/OK與will一致；No與won’t一致。 （2）意思相反：Yes表示“不”；No表示“是”。如：—Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave. 你走時別忘了關(guān)燈?！狽o, I won’t. 好的，我不會忘的。 （3）Don’t...句式有時表示批評或命令，答語常用Sorry表示歉意。如：—Don’t talk loudly in the library. 不要在圖書館里大聲喧嘩?！猄orry, I won’t do that again. 對不起，我不會再那樣做了。 【活學(xué)活用】 根據(jù)句意或漢語提示完成祈使句。 1.__________ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. 2.__________（努力學(xué)習(xí)）,__________（否則你不會） pass the exam. 3.__________（駕駛） carefully, Michael!There’s a schoolahead. 4. Tree-planting Day is coming.__________（讓我們） grow some trees over there. 感嘆句 概述 感嘆句是用來表達(dá)人的特殊情感的句子，可以表達(dá)人的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情色彩。感嘆句可以是一個單詞、一個不定式、一個由短語構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句，也可以是由what或how引導(dǎo)的句子，句末常用“！”。 感嘆句的類型 1. what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 （1）What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！如： ①What a good teacher he is!他是一個多么好的老師??！ ②What an exciting sport it is!這是一項(xiàng)多么令人興奮的運(yùn)動啊！ （2）What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！如：What beautiful flowers they are!多么美麗的花啊！ （3）What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！如：What good news it is!多好的消息??！ 2. how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句 （1）How+形容詞+主語+謂語！如：How beautiful the flowers look in the garden!花園里的這些花看 著多么美麗??！ （2）How+副詞+主語+謂語！如：How quickly he runs!他跑得多快呀！ （3）How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！如：How strange a man he is!他是一個多么奇怪的人??！ （4）How+主語+謂語！如：How time flies!時間過得真快呀！ 【活學(xué)活用】 A）根據(jù)句意完成感嘆句。 1. （xx嘉興、舟山中考）They were surprised__________ well the small cat seemed to get along with the large bear. 2. She came to realize__________ she actually missed all of them. 3. The robot can help me sweep the floor.__________ smart invention it is! 4. Look!Laura is getting the first place.__________ fast she runs! B）句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 5. How delicious the food is!（改為同義句） ______________________________ it is! 倒裝句 英語句子的自然語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。如果把謂語動詞放在主語之前，就構(gòu)成了倒裝句。下面是幾種倒裝句的具體形式： 1. so+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語neither/nor+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 （1）這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物，意為“某人（物）也（不）是這樣”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞在形式上與前句的謂語保持一致，而其單復(fù)數(shù)形式則由后句的主語決定。如：Lucy is a good student, so is Lily. 露西是個好學(xué)生，莉莉也是。 （2）這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的不同點(diǎn)是：“so+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”依附于肯定句，表示前邊的肯定情況也適合后邊的人（物），意為“……也……”；“neither/nor+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”依附于否定句，表示前邊的否定情況也適合后邊的人（物），意為“……也不……”。如： ①Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann. 湯姆昨晚看電視了，安也看了。 ②Mary didn’t watch TV last night, neither did Jim. 瑪麗昨晚沒有看電視，吉姆也沒看。 2. there be句型 there be句型表示“存在”，是一個主語在be動詞后面的倒裝句。如：There is a tree in front of the building. 大樓前有一棵樹。 3. 以副詞開頭的倒裝句 在以here, there, out, in, down, away等表示方位的副詞開頭的句子中，如果主語是名詞，要用倒裝句。謂語動詞的形式由位于倒裝句句尾的主語決定。如： ①There comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。 ②Here are some flowers. 這里有一些花。 注：如果主語是人稱代詞，就不必倒裝。如： ①Here you are. 給你。 ②Here it is. 在這里呢。 【活學(xué)活用】 根據(jù)漢語提示完成倒裝句。 1. —Tom has ever been to China. —____________________ （也去過） Mike. 2. —He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times. —______________________________ （的確如此）. 3. —Li Ping wasn’t late for school this morning. —____________________ （也沒有） Tom. 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~（組）填空。 1. （xx嘉興中考）You must think about__________ should be done first. 2. —Hello, Jack!Haven’t seen you for long!I’m calling to check__________ you are. —Very well. Thanks. 3. —Do you know__________ he exercised when he was a student? —Three or four times a week. 4. —Do you know__________ he is going to stay in London? —Sorry, I don’t know. Maybe a few weeks, but I’m not sure. 5. —__________ are you going to Shanghai? —I’m taking the plane. 二、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。（xx新暉中考模擬） visit without prefer unless sudden 1. Susan said she__________ to wear clothes made of cotton rather than those made of silk. 2. He quickly looked through the paper and chose the answer__________ thinking twice. 3. The earthquakes always happen__________ , it is difficult to predict them. 4. You can’t imagine how pretty the new skirt is__________ you try it on. 5. It’s many__________ dream to come to the hometown of the great man during the vacation. 三、根據(jù)漢語意思翻譯句子。 1. 別吵鬧了，你爸爸在睡覺。 , your father is sleeping. 2. 多聰明的男孩??！ he is! 3. 露西學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 確實(shí)如此，你也很努力。 —Lucy studies hard. —__________. And__________ . 四、任務(wù)型閱讀。（xx寧波市北侖區(qū)中考模擬） 李華在悅讀書吧拓展課上看到了一篇老師推薦的文章，但缺少了4個小標(biāo)題，現(xiàn)請你幫助李華根據(jù)描述將小標(biāo)題A、B、C、D填入1—4相應(yīng)的空格中，并完成第5小題。 You love reading, and you’re going to get your hands on a book. But you’ve read all your books several times, and you’re getting tired of reading the same ones. You’re planning to go to the library, but don’t know what kind of books to get. With the right knowledge, it’s easy for you to choose a good book. Make a list answering these questions: What kind of books do you like? What writers do you like? Is there a type of book that you would like to try? What are your interests? By doing this you will find books that you might like. 1__________ Very often good books are quietly collecting dust in your own house. Maybe you forget about one, or someone who is living with you has a couple of good books. Also by searching your house, you can find books that you can read, and they won’t even cost you any money. 2__________ Read best-seller lists in most newspapers or weekly magazines. Find out which new books are making headlines, and why. 3__________ If it does, then use its search engine（引擎） to find a certain book or books by a certain writer. You can also do this at home. 4__________ If you would rather have Book 1 over Book 2, put Book 2 back. If you would prefer Book 3 to Book 1, put Book 1 back. A. Narrow down your stack（精選書籍）. B. Search your house. C. See if the library or bookstore has computers. D. Read book reviews in newspapers and magazines. （ ）5. What’s the best title of this passage? A. Where to Find a Good Book B. How to Buy a Good Book C. How to Choose a Good Book D. Where to Choose a Good Book  參考答案 課堂突破 疑問句 1. How soon 2. does she 3. How far 4. Why 祈使句 1. Don’t 2. Study hard, or you won’t 3. Drive4. Let’s 感嘆句 1. how 2. how much 3. What a 4. How 5. What delicious food 倒裝句 1. So has 2. So he did 3. Neither was 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、1. which/what 2. how 3. how often 4. how long 5. How 【解析】由答語“我將坐飛機(jī)”可知提問的是交通方式。 二、1. preferred 2. without 3. suddenly 4. unless 5. visitors’ 三、1. Don’t be noisy 2. What a clever boy 3. So she does, so do you 四、1—5. BDCAC