中考英語專題講練 不定代詞（含解析）.doc

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不定代詞 不定代詞 知識(shí)精講 一、不定代詞的定義： 不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。不定代詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語或定語等。不定代詞可以分為一般不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞。 二、一般不定代詞及用法 1. some/any 含義：“一些”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 區(qū)別： 1). some用于陳肯句；any用于疑問句或否定句。例： I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples. 2). some 用在疑問句中有表示請(qǐng)求或建議的功能；any用在肯定句中有強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣的功能，意為“任何”。 Would you like some coffee? You may come at any time. 2. many/much “許多” 區(qū)別 例句 many +可數(shù)名詞 How many people are there at the meeting? much +不可數(shù)名詞 How much time has we left? 注意：“many”和“much”前可有so, too等詞進(jìn)行修飾。如： There are too many mistakes in your diary. So many people are waiting for the bus. Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do. 3. few/a few/little/a little 修飾可數(shù)名詞 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 含義 few little 否定含義，幾乎沒有 a few a little 肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn) 例： He has a few friends.他有幾個(gè)朋友。 He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。 There is little time left. 幾乎沒剩下什么時(shí)間了。 4. both, either, neither, all, every, none 使用范圍 單詞 中文釋義 例句 兩個(gè)人或物 both 兩者都 Both of the boys are clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。 either 兩者中任何一個(gè) Either of the two boys is clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。 neither 兩者都不 Neither of the two boys is clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。 三者及以上 all 所有的，全部 All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都謝了。 every 每一 Every student is here. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都在這了。 none 都不 I like none of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。 5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others” 易混淆詞 范圍 含義 other 泛指 其他的 the other (one…,the other…) = 2 另一個(gè) another ≥ 3 另一個(gè) others = other+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 剩余非全部 其他的 the others 剩余全部 其他的 例： I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red. I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one. In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball. There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men. 三、復(fù)合不定代詞及用法 1. 復(fù)合不定代詞的構(gòu)成：復(fù)合不定代詞是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所組成的不定代詞。 構(gòu)成部分 body （人） one （人） thing （事或物） some somebody 某人 someone 某人 something 某事（物） any anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事（物） no nobody 沒有人 no one 沒有人 nothing 沒有事（物） every everybody 每個(gè)人 everyone 每個(gè)人 everything 每個(gè)事（物） 注意：形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，形容詞或else要置于復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如： something important一些重要的事 There’s nothing else in the fridge.冰箱里沒有其他的東西了。 2. some-類的復(fù)合不定代詞常用于肯定句或征求意見的疑問句中；any-類的復(fù)合不定代詞常用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。 Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你說話。 Can I have something to drink, please? 請(qǐng)問我可以喝點(diǎn)東西嗎？ He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。 3. any-類的復(fù)合不定代詞與not連用，相當(dāng)于no-類的復(fù)合不定代詞。 There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那個(gè)盒子里沒有什么東西。 4. no one可以用于回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句，不能回答how many引導(dǎo)的疑問句。 ---Who knows the answer to the question? 誰知道這個(gè)問題的答案。 ---No one. 沒有人知道。 5. every-類的復(fù)合不定代詞與not連用，表示部分否定。 Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜歡看電視。 Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你說的那樣。 6. –one類和-body類的復(fù)合不定代詞之后可以加上-‘s構(gòu)成所有格。 He just found someone’s wallet.他剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)別人的錢包。 三點(diǎn)剖析 一、重難點(diǎn)： 1. 在否定句中not...any的意義相當(dāng)于no。如： There isn’t any (= is no) water in the bottle. 這個(gè)瓶子里一點(diǎn)水都沒有。 2. some用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，表示“某個(gè)”。 Some careless man has taken my umbrella. 某個(gè)粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨傘。 3. everyone意為“人人、每人”，只指人，不指物，其后不能跟of短語；every one意為“每個(gè)”，可以指人，也可以指物，后面可以跟of短語。與every搭配的不定代詞后，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Everyone in the class passed the math exam.這次數(shù)學(xué)考試班上人人都及格了。 Every one of us must study hard.我們中每一位都必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。 二、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)： 1. 在征求意見的疑問句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中，常用some. Would you like some dessert? 你要吃些甜點(diǎn)嗎？ 2. both和all與not連用時(shí)表示部分否定，意為“并非......都......”。如： Both my parents are not doctors.并非我的父母都是醫(yī)生。 3. each 表示“每一”，可以跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以單獨(dú)使用。each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，可以用于兩者之間，可以用于三者或三者以上之間，可以和of連用。在句中可以作主語、賓語或同位語。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Each student can spend 10yuan.每個(gè)學(xué)生能花10元錢。 Each of his children goes to a different school. 他的每個(gè)孩子都在不同的學(xué)校讀書。 題模精選 題模一：一般不定代詞 例1.1.1 選擇括號(hào)內(nèi)所給不定代詞填空。 I have many apples. I can give you _________. ( any, some ) 例1.1.2 用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 all neither 1. ---Can you speak Japanese or English? ---_________, I can only speak Chinese. 2. There are forty pupils in Class Two. _________ of them are Young Pioneers. 題模二：復(fù)合不定代詞 例1.2.1 ________is in the classroom. They are all on the playground. A． Everybody B． Somebody C． Anybody D． Nobody 例1.2.2 Please be quiet. I have _________ important to tell you. A． something B． anything C． nothing D． everything 隨堂練習(xí) 隨練1.1 選用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 both other each everybody a few 1. The film is not interesting. _________ people like it. 2. I can lend you my new radio, but you mustn’t lend it to _________. 3. Since _________ is here, let’s begin our meeting. 4. My uncle and aunt are _________ good at boating. 5. The nurse gave the children two oranges _________. 隨練1.2 Bill has two daughters, and _________of them are workers. A． all B． both C． every D． each 隨練1.3 There are still ______ apples here. We needn’t go shopping now. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 隨練1.4 I invited four teachers and ____ can come. That’s great. A． all B． both C． any D． none 隨練1.5 ______ from your office phoned you. Here is the message. A． Somebody B． Nobody C． Anybody D． Everybody 隨練1.6 Weve got two foreign teachers. One is from America, ______is from Canada. A． another B． other C． the other D． others 自我總結(jié) 課后作業(yè) 作業(yè)1 選擇括號(hào)內(nèi)所給不定代詞填空。 1. Is there _________ meat in the fridge? ( any, some ) 2. If you have _________ questions, please ask me. (any, some ) 3. There is _________ water in the bottle. I can drink it. ( little, a little ) 4. He has _________ friends. He always stays at home. ( few, a few ) 5. Could you lend me _________ money? ( some, any ) 6. _________ of them is good at English. ( Both, Neither ) 7. My parents are _________ doctors. ( all, both ) 8. The glass is broken. Give me _________ one. ( the other, another ) 9. You can have one apple _________, boys. ( every, each ) 10. The clock has three hands. One is short, _________ two are long. ( the other, another ) 11. He is not busy. He has _________ to do. ( something, nothing ) 12. Be quiet. I have _________ important to tell you. ( something, anything ) 13. If you need an eraser, I’ll lend you _________. (some, one ) 14. Listen! _________ is singing in the next room. ( Someone, Anyone ) 15. Would you like _________ more rice? 16. _________ of us is afraid of difficulties. ( None, No one ) 作業(yè)2 I’m the only child in my family. I don’t have ______ brothers or sisters. A． some B． someone C． any D． anyone 作業(yè)3 Come here, Lily. I want to show you______ interesting. A． something B． nothing C． anything D． everything 作業(yè)4 I don’t like the color of this dress. Could you please show me________ one. A． other B． others C． the other D． another 作業(yè)5 There is ________ water in the glass. Let’s go and get some. A． few B． much C． many D． little 作業(yè)6 —Can you speak Chinese, Peter? —Yes, but only_______. A． few B． little C． a few D． a little 作業(yè)7 _________of my parents used to play tennis a few years ago. A． Both B． All C． Either D． Each 作業(yè)8 I’ve got two sisters. One is a doctor, __________ is a teacher. A． other B． the other C． others D． another 作業(yè)9 — Mum, I want_______ of these two dresses. — Sorry. You can only buy one of them. A． all B． none C． some D． both 作業(yè)10 We couldn’t have dinner in the hotel because____ of us had money with us. A． none B． no one C． nothing D． all 作業(yè)11 —There’s _____ wrong with my chair. Can you mend it? —No problem. A． something B． nothing C． everything D． anything 答案解析 不定代詞 題模精選 題模一：一般不定代詞 例1.1.1 【答案】 some 【解析】 考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。句意：我有很多蘋果。我可以給你一些。陳述句，表示“一些”，故選some。 例1.1.2 【答案】 1. Neither 2. All 【解析】 考查學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。 題模二：復(fù)合不定代詞 例1.2.1 【答案】D 【解析】 考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。由后句“他們都在操場(chǎng)上”可知，前句為“沒有人在教室”，故選D。 例1.2.2 【答案】A 【解析】 考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。根據(jù)句意，“請(qǐng)安靜”可知是有一些重要的事要說。something“一些”，故選A。 隨堂練習(xí) 隨練1.1 【答案】 1. Few 2. others 3. everybody 4. both 5. each 【解析】 本題考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。 隨練1.2 【答案】B 【解析】 考查學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握情況。無every of用法，先排除 C，each of 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞常為單數(shù)；all通常指代三者個(gè)以上；根據(jù)題意只有both符合要求，指代的是“兩者都”，故選B。 隨練1.3 【答案】 【解析】 根據(jù)apples及句意屬于肯定可知。 隨練1.4 【答案】A 【解析】 不定代詞，句中four teachers為3個(gè)可知用all。 隨練1.5 【答案】A 【解析】 考查不定代詞。由句意可知應(yīng)選somebody表“某人”含義，nobody（沒有人），anybody（任何人，everybody(每人)均不符。 隨練1.6 【答案】C 【解析】 考查了固定搭配。one…the other…一個(gè)…, 另一個(gè)…。故選C。 作業(yè)1 【答案】 1. any 2. any 3. a little 4. few 5. some 6. Neither 7. both 8. another 9. each 10. the other 11. nothing 12. something 13. one 14. Someone 15. some 16. None 【解析】 本題考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。 作業(yè)2 【答案】C 【解析】 否定句中用any。 作業(yè)3 【答案】A 【解析】 考查不定代詞。故選A. 作業(yè)4 【答案】D 【解析】 不定代詞，another兩者中的另一個(gè)。 作業(yè)5 【答案】D 【解析】 代詞，根據(jù)題意可知表示沒有水了，故用little。 作業(yè)6 【答案】D 【解析】 代詞辨析，根據(jù)Chinese屬于不可數(shù)名詞及句意肯定，可知用a little ，故選項(xiàng)D正確。 作業(yè)7 【答案】A 【解析】 考查了代詞的用法。both of…兩者都…。故選A。 作業(yè)8 【答案】B 【解析】 考查了固定句型。one…the other…, 一個(gè)…另外一個(gè)。故選B。 作業(yè)9 【答案】D 【解析】 考查不定代詞，both用于肯定兩者。 作業(yè)10 【答案】A 【解析】 代詞，根據(jù)前句couldn’t have dinner可知后句表示“無人”， none of…做主語，no one不加of。故選項(xiàng)A正確。 作業(yè)11 【答案】A 【解析】 考查句型。There’s something wrong with sth.故選A。