《介詞用法》PPT課件.ppt

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,介詞,preposition(prep.),什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？,1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.(),代詞,名詞,動名詞,介詞:通常用在_________、_______、_______之前，表示某個人、事物/東西、事件與另一個之間的_________。,名詞,代詞,名詞,動名詞,關(guān)系,介詞preposition縮寫prep.，又叫前置詞，表示其后的名詞或代詞（或是相當(dāng)于名詞的其他短語或從句）與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。介詞是一種虛詞，不能單獨在句中作成分。,介詞的含義,介詞的主要分類：,1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________,地點介詞,方式介詞,時間介詞,固定搭配,,時間介詞的用法：,,at后常接幾點幾分，天明，中午，日出，日落，開始等,atfiveo’clock（五點）atdawn（黎明）atdaybreak（天亮）atsunrise（日出）atsunset（日落）atnoon（中午）atmidnight（半夜）atthebeginningofthemonth（月初）atthattime（那時）atthatmoment（那會兒）atthistimeofday（在一天的這個時候）,,in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季節(jié)，世紀(jì)等,in2006（2006年）inMay，2004（2004年五月）inthemorning（早晨/上午），intheafternoon（下午），intheevening（晚上），inthenight（夜晚），inthedaytime（白天），inthe21stcentury（21世紀(jì)）inthreedays（weeks/month）三天（周/個月）inaweek（一周）inspring（春季）,,on后常接某日，星期幾或某周日的朝夕，節(jié)日,及有修飾語修飾的下午、晚上等。,onSunday（星期日）onawarmmorninginApril（四月的一個溫暖的上午）onaDecembernight（12月的一個夜晚）onthatafternoon（那天下午）onthefollowingnight（下一個晚上）onChristmasafternoon（圣誕節(jié)下午）onOctober1，1949（1949年10月1日）onNewYear’sDay（新年）onNewYear’sEve（除夕）onthemorningofthe15th（15日的早上）What’sthedatetoday?今天幾號？Whatdayisittoday?今天星期幾？,,before,after,for表示時間的介詞,After在……之后Afterthreemonths,heachievedthegoal.Before在……之前Beforehegoestobed,hewasheshisface.For在一段時間內(nèi)Heliveshereforalongtime.,,,常用介詞用法歸納與辨析第一部分時間介詞,①表示時間at,in,on的區(qū)別1Thetrainleaves___6:00pm,soIhavetobeatthestation_____5:40atthelatest.A.at;untilB.for;afterC.at;byD.before;around2Theoldmandied____cold____acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during3Therailwaywasopened____traffic____April4,1985.A.to;onB.to;inC.by;onD.for;on★at表示時間點(在幾點,中午;午夜;夜里;某日期）如：atsunrise;atweekend;atChristmas;★on表示在具體的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上及星期等如：onMondaymorning,onChristmasday;★in表示某較長時間內(nèi).后接月,年,季,周等表一段時間的名詞.如：inApril;inthe1990s;inthemorning;,C,C,A,,,在圣誕節(jié)當(dāng)天,在圣誕節(jié)期間,⊙,②表示“在一段時間之后”時，用于將來時，用于過去時。（注意：若after+時間點，可用于各種時態(tài)）,in+時間段,after+時間段,1HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon____afewdays.2Wefinishedthework____threemonths.A.inB.after,A,B,③表示“延續(xù)的一段時間”時,用或，常與完成時連用。,,2--Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?--______1984.A.AfterB.InC.ForD.Since,1Thetouchtheyhadbothkeptin____manyyearsbroke.A.forB.onC.intoD.with,D,A,for+時間段,,since+過去的時間點,,,④during+時間段，表示“”如：duringhisillnessduringherchildhoodTheytaughtthereduring2008～2010.by+時間點，表示“”Thetrainleavesat6:00pm.SoIhavetobeatthestation5:40atthelatest.A.afterB.inC.byD.about,⑤表示“直到…”或“直到…才”,用，注意：till多用于口語，且不用于句首及強調(diào)句。ItwasnotuntilhetoldmethenewsthatIknewIhadpassedtheexam.,在…期間,到….為止,till/until+時間點,C,⊙,Lucy,Lily,Mary,Sunny,Kitty,,,,,,,,,between,nextto,Tommy,,,,,infrontof,behind,詞匯大閱兵--讓我們先來把耳朵和眼睛喚醒,ontheright,ontheleft,A,B,C,on,under,between,D,near,behind,E,infrontof,F,,One,Two,,inthefrontof,,地點介詞in,at,onabove,below,over,under,among,between的用法及區(qū)別,(1)in,at與on的用法及區(qū)別①in表示地點，意為“在…內(nèi)”，用于內(nèi)部。Thereisn’tacloudinthesky.天空中沒有一片云。Heputhishandsinhispockets.他把手放入口袋。What’sinthebox?盒子里有什么？,,,②on意為“在…上面”，用于表面接觸，指在一個平面上。What’sonthetable?桌子上有什么？Therewasacarpetonthefloor.地板上鋪著一塊地毯。,,③表示“在某地”時，at后面接小地方，in后接大地方。athome在家atthebusstop在汽車站inChina在中國intheworld在世界上,,(3)over與under的用法及區(qū)別,over的意思是“在…之上”，表示垂直之上，其反義詞是under。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有座橋。Thereisaboatunderthebridge.橋下有只船。,,,④表示上下位置的介詞,,,,,beneth,over,under,above,below,on,,(5)beside與near的用法及區(qū)別,①beside表示“近旁”“緊靠”，相當(dāng)于nextto/by。如：Comeandsitbesideme.來坐在我的身旁。②near意為“在…附近”，可以表示空間、時間關(guān)系等。如：Hesitsnearthewindow.他坐在窗戶附近。,,(6)infrontof與inthefrontof的用法及區(qū)別,infrontof表示“在…之前”。表示在某一空間外部的前面，inthefrontof表示在某一空間內(nèi)部的前面。如：Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前有一些樹。Don’tsitinthefrontofthecar.不要坐在小汽車的前部。,,,Themanis_________thecar.,在……(外部的)前面,infrontof,Thegirlis___________thecar.,inthefrontof,在……(內(nèi)部的)前面,Theboyis______________(在樹上),inthetree,onthetree,,,Thereisaredapple____________(在樹上),樹上長出來的東西,用on,不屬于樹本身的東西,用in,in和on,0ff,,fall/jumpoffthetree,inthetree,onthetree,,,指從物體空間內(nèi)穿過.,gothroughtheforest,gothroughorgoacross？,Thepolicemanishelpingtheoldman_________thestreet,goacross,從物體表面穿過,gothroughorgoacross？,Michael’sneighborhood,,,,,,,,,FifthAve,PineStreet,,Supermarket,,House,,Hotel,go(straight)along,Michael’sneighborhood,,,,,,,,,FifthAve,PineStreet,,Supermarket,,House,,Hotel,Turnright,Michael’sneighborhood,,,,,,,,,FifthAve,PineStreet,,Supermarket,,House,,Hotel,Turnleft,,,常用介詞用法歸納與辨析第二部分地點方位介詞,,,①表示地點時at,in,on的區(qū)別1Myunclelives_____116ChangheStreet.Hisroomis___thesixthfloor.A.at;onB.to;atC.on;inD.of;toNotes:★at表示在較小的地方(村莊,小城鎮(zhèn),門牌);在某物旁(不確定的地方)★in表示在較大的地方(國家,城市);在某物范圍內(nèi).(地點的排列順序是由小到大）.★on表示在某物上(表面接觸);road前用on；street前用in/on;floor前用on;farm前用on；field前用in；hotel前用in,A,,,②表示兩地相對位置時to,in,on的區(qū)別,1)Taiwanlies____thesouthwestofChina.()2)Guangxilies_____thewestofGuangdong.()3)Japanlies_____theeastofChina.()4）TheislandliesthecoastofChina.(表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方),in,on,to,在中國范圍內(nèi),兩地有接壤,兩地?zé)o接壤,off,,,③表示運動方向或目的的介詞1____thegateandyou’llfindtheentrance___thepark___theotherside.A.Through;to;onB.Across;of;onC.Along;to;atD.Over;of;by2Early___themorningofMay1,westartedoff___themountainvillage.A.in;forB.in;toC.on;/D.on;for★through表示在物體里面“穿過”,或縱穿過.★across表示“穿過”物體表面,或“橫過”.★along表示沿著一條線平行.★over在物體的上方“越過”★to表示動作的目的地;towards指朝向,無到達(dá)的意思;for表示前往的目的,連用的動詞有l(wèi)eave,startoff,setout,head,sail等.,A,D,,方式介詞：with,by,in的用法及區(qū)別,with,by,in表示工具、手段和材料時，with多指用工具，用身體的某一部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某種語言、工具的具體類型等。Youcanseeitwithyourowneyes.你可以親自去看看。Whydon’twegotherebycarinstead?我們?yōu)槭裁床蛔∑嚾ツ?？ShecanspeakitinEnglish.她能用英語說。,方式介詞,1.writewithapen,cutwithaknife…____________________2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths…____________________3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,inthreelanguage…,使用工具用介詞with,使用器官用介詞with,使用語言用介詞in,4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…______________________5.inthisway,intheseways,bythismeans…_______________________6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)___________________________________,使用聲音用介詞in,使用方法用介詞in或by,使用交通工具用by,但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…,,7.inaredcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite…______________________9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun(),表示穿衣服用in,固定搭配,,,常用介詞用法歸納與辨析第三部分方式、手段、工具等介詞,1.方式介詞之in的用法,1.WetalkinEnglish.__________________,①(使)用某種語言,用漢語:inChinese,2.Youcansolvethisprobleminthisway.___________________,inthisway,,用這種方式,indifferentways,,用不同的方式,②用……的方式,3.Mysisterisinred.Thewomaninayellowdressismymother.___________________________________,③in+服裝,顏色表示,穿什么顏色的衣服,用日語:inJapanese,3.Withthemoney,theybuiltsomeschoolsinthepoorarea._______________________,2、,with的用法,“使用”的意思,1.Weseewithoureyesandhearwithourears._____________________________,①使用人體器官做某事,2.Chineseusuallyeatwithchopsticks.________________________,②使用某一工具,③使用(利用)某材料(金錢等),3、,by的用法,Wegotoschoolbybike/bus/car/ship/plane…___________________________________,by常接,表示通過某種方式做某事.,Italkwithmyfriendsbysendinge-mail.___________________________,通過某種手段或方式,注意:步行是_________.在表達(dá)”乘……”時,還可用介詞on/in.,onfoot,bybus=,ona/thebus,bybike=,ona/the/one’sbike,byplane=,ona/theplane,bycar=,ina/the/one’scar,交通工具,⊙,,of具有…的性質(zhì)Thecapofthepen筆帽,,(1)of,from①of屬于……的，表示…..的數(shù)量或種類Itwasbeginningoftheterm.這是學(xué)期開始②from:來自(某地，某人)，以….起始comefrom來自于=befromFrom…to…從……到……SheisaladyfromCanada.,其他介詞,(2)with帶有…without沒有…Themanwith(without)anumbrellaSheoftenworkedfortwenty-fourwithoutrest.她通常工作24小時而不休息。,其他介詞,,,第五部分固定搭配,1.到達(dá)arrive___/___aplace2.找出find___3.與---相處geton_____4.害怕beafraid__sth.5.放棄give___6.對---憤怒beangry____sb.7.上交hand___8.忙于某事bebusy_____sth.9.為---做準(zhǔn)備beready___10.裝滿befull__11.對-----有好處begood___12.對------感興趣beinterested_____,in,at,with,up,in,for,for,out,of,with,with,of,in,頭腦大風(fēng)暴,13.對…感到滿意bepleased_____besatisfied_____14.缺席beabsent_____15.因為...而著名befamous_____16.以...而著名befamous_____17.在...的幫助下_____thehelpof18.對...某人友好/友善befriendly_____sb19.和某人友好相處befriendly_____sb20.目前____present21.處于危險中____danger,with,with,from,for,as,with,with,to,at,in,Doyourememberthem?…,在…歲時___theageof有時___times開始,在…起初___thebeginningof此刻___themoment=now在…結(jié)尾,在…盡頭___theendof例如____example匆忙地___ahurry到…的時候____thetime從…到…_____…___…在戶外,在野外___theopenair,at,at,at,at,at,for,,in,by,from,to,in,,相鄰，靠近next___將來___thefuture由于,幸虧thanks___過了一會兒_______awhile在地球上___earth遍及all_____下課/放學(xué)/下班后______class/school/work展出___show值日___duty獨立,單獨all___oneself令(某人)驚訝___one’ssurprise,to,in,to,after,on,after,on,on,by,to,,over,比一比，哪組好：,在下列情況下，時間狀語前不用介詞：,1.當(dāng)時間狀語是today,tonight,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening,tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening等時。Shewenttotheparkyesterday.I’llbefreetomorrowmorning.2.含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等的時間狀語不用介詞。Wearegoingtoplaybasketballthisafternoon.IsawhiminthestreetlastSunday.Mymothergetsupearlyeverymorning.Weareworkingonthefarmthesedays.,A:Iwasborn____Children’sDay.,C:Iwasborn_____June,1994.,in,on,,,練習(xí),B:Iwasborn_____themorningofSeptember1st,1993.,,on,,,,1.在廣州_______Guangzhou2.在電影院_______thecinema3.在農(nóng)場上________thefarm4.在旅館_______thehotel,in,at,in,on,on,5.樹上的蘋果apples______thetree,6.樹上的小鳥birds______thetree,in,單項選擇1.Hisfatherisveryangry____him____hisstudy.A.at，withB.with，atC.to，aboutD.about，to2.Paperismade_________wood.A.fromB.ofC.byD.in3.Thebasketisfull_________apples.A.withB.ofC.inD.by,B,A,B,4.Katecantcome.LetsaskweiHuainstead______her.A.ofB.forC.toD.with5.Theheavyrainstoppedme______gettingtoschoolontime.A.toB.fromC.onD.for,A,B,6.LiLidasparentsareveryproud____theirson.A.toB.inC.forD.of7.Thefoxlookedup_________acocksittingthetree.A.to，inB.at,inC.for，onD.at，on8.Pleasewait______thebusstopnearmyhome.A.forB.atC.nextD.infront,D,B,B,9.Whentheredlightison,itsdangeroustogothestreet.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.to,A,用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.Weusuallyhavelunch______noon.2.LinTaowasborn______February18th.3.Annsits_____myright,______Katesleft.Shesits___________us.4.Myfatherisleaving______Suzhoutomorrow.,at,on,on,on,between,for,5.Theywent_________thegateandenteredthegarden.6.Wecandoallthings_______ourhands.7.______theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_____theothers.8.Lastmonthheworked____ateacher___threeweeks.,through,with,At,with,as,for,1.____weekends,Ioftengo____movies____myfriends,Mike.2.Whateventsdoyouhave____yourschool?3.Istay____homeandlook____pictures____BeijingOpera?4.____aword,Icanlearnalot_____Chinesehistory.5.Iusuallygo____school____seveno’clock.6.Helistens____music____TV____themorning.,介詞總動員-句子填介詞,On,to,with,at,at,at,of,In,about,to,at,to,on,in,