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題組提分練29 Unit 4 Global warming 限時(shí)35分鐘　 加黑體小題訓(xùn)練詞義猜測(cè)題之單詞、短語猜測(cè)題 閱讀理解A　體裁：應(yīng)用文　話題：旅游與交通　難度：★★☆☆☆ If you are looking for a lastminute day trip with the family, heres a list of festivals and fairs happening within a reasonable drive from Charlotte. Hopscotch Music Festival Where：Downtown Raleigh (various places)． When：Today—Saturday. Highlights：This music festival, started Thursday, features performances by more than 175 national and international bands playing in 15 different places, all within walking distance. Music genres will include rock, hiphop, heavy metal, dance, classical, folk and everything in between.(畫線詞是include后所舉例子的總結(jié)詞，利用舉例猜測(cè)詞義的標(biāo)志詞還有for example/for instance/such as/like等) Admission：$34—$110. Details：.hopscotchmusicfest.. Flatwoods Festival Where：451 Peach Tree Road, Bennett. When：10 a．m. Saturday—5 p．m. Sunday. Highlights: This annual festival, which is in its 15th year, features family fun, food, horse rides and an antique tractor pull. There will also be musical entertainment and a grand parade with cars, trucks, tractors, horsedrawn vehicles, floats, farm equipment and more. Admission: Free Friday; on Saturday，$5 for ages 13 and older. Details: 919-548-5192; .visitpittsboro.. NC Mountain State Fair Where: 1301 Fanning Bridge Road, Fletcher. When: Various times today—Sept. 16. Highlights: In celebration of the people, agriculture, art and traditions that make our region great, the familyfriendly fair offers performances and even a man who carves artwork with a chainsaw (鏈鋸). Admission：$7；$3 for kids 6-12 and seniors. Details: 828-687-1414; .mountainfair.org. 【語篇解讀】　文章向人們介紹了幾個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)，如：Hopscotch Music Festival、Flatwoods Festival NC Mountain State Fair以及它們的地點(diǎn)和開放時(shí)間等事宜。 1．What does the underlined word “genres” refer to? A. Types. B. Activities. C. Lessons. D. Programmes. 答案與解析　A　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“包括搖滾、嘻哈、重金屬、舞蹈、古典音樂、民歌等”可知音樂包括很多種類，所以畫線詞是“種類”的意思，故A項(xiàng)正確。 2．How can you know the detail about Flatwoods Festival? A. By surfing the website: . mountainfair.org. B. By dialing the telephone number：828-687-1414. C. By dialing the telephone number：919-548-5192. D. By surfing the website: .hopscotchmusicfest.. 答案與解析　C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Details: 919-548-5192; .visitpittsboro.可知，如果想要了解Flatwoods Festival更詳細(xì)的信息，可以撥打電話或者登錄網(wǎng)址，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．Where can visitors see a special kind of artwork? A. Charlotte. B. Downtown Raleigh. C. Bennett. D. Fletcher. 答案與解析　D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞special和artwork定位原文中對(duì)NC Mountain State Fair的介紹中的even a man who carves artwork with a chainsaw (鏈鋸)，搜尋文章中的地點(diǎn)信息可判斷出游客可以去1301 Fanning Bridge Road, Fletcher，故選項(xiàng)D正確。 詞匯微存?、賥ithin walking distance步行可達(dá)；②in between在中間 閱讀理解B　(2018青島模擬)　體裁：記敘文　話題：社會(huì)　難度：★★★☆☆ Artist Diala Brisly fled Syria in 2013. She now lives in Beirut but shes well known inside Syria for her works on a childrens magazine that, amazingly, is still printed and distributed inside the country. Heres her story in her own words, followed by some examples of her works. The magazine is called Zayton and Zaytonah—like Olive and Oliver, a boy and a girl. There are a lot of olive trees and olive farms in the north of Syria. They used to print it in Saraqeb but the press was destroyed by shells and they couldnt fix it, so now they are printing it in Aleppo. They are taking a risk by printing it and distributing it.(利用文章背景結(jié)合destroyed可猜測(cè)畫線詞含義) The main purpose is to remind kids about being a human being and keep them away from being a fighter. I think this magazine really gives them hope. I was talking to someone who was distributing the magazine in the north and he told me about a kid who really likes this magazine, but now he has to go to fight. He cant read the magazine any more because the fighters say its “forbidden”． Its very important to keep kids on track—being human beings—not just growing up to fight or kill yourself in some war you dont belong to. I remember when we were still in Syria—a girl came to play the guitar for some kids, and when she went to take the guitar out, one of them started yelling and crying. He thought it was a weapon. It took hours to convince him that it was just an instrument. Its very hard for a kid to see his brother with an open head, he wont forget it ever. Perhaps they still laugh, they still smile, sometimes they like to play, but they are not fortable with strangers. Perhaps there are so many things for them to deal with in the future. 【語篇解讀】　文章介紹了一本雜志，這本原來在薩科齊印刷的雜志因?yàn)榕诨鸫輾Я顺霭嫔缍岬桨凡ㄓ∷l(fā)行，這本雜志旨在呼吁和平，為敘利亞兒童描繪希望。 4．Why was the magazine still popular with kids in Syria? A. Its name attracts kids. B. It really gives them hope. C. It has beautiful pictures in it. D. It was written by Diala Brisly. 答案與解析　B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知雜志的目的是提醒孩子做人并且不要做戰(zhàn)士，結(jié)合最后一句“這給了他們希望”可知選項(xiàng)B正確。 5．What is the closest meaning of the underlined word “shells” in the third paragraph? A. Flood. B. Hurricane. C. Earthquakes. D. Bombs. 答案與解析　D　詞義猜測(cè)題。 根據(jù)畫線詞后文提到的戰(zhàn)火、戰(zhàn)士等可知是炮彈毀了出版社，故選項(xiàng)D中的bombs與畫線詞同義。 6．What is important to kids according to the author? A. Creating many works. B. Keeping kids on track. C. Avoiding being homeless. D. Providing rich magazines. 答案與解析　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第一句可知，作者認(rèn)為最重要的是讓孩子們保持正軌即做人，遠(yuǎn)離戰(zhàn)火，故選項(xiàng)B正確。 7．What does the author convey by mentioning her experience in Syria? A. Kids live a happy life. B. War still exists in Syria. C. Kids like playing the guitar. D. War casts its shadow over kids.(cast a/ones shadow over ...給……籠置上/投下陰影/使……不快) 答案與解析　D　推理判斷題。第七段提到作者在敘利亞時(shí)，一個(gè)女孩拿出吉他時(shí)有個(gè)孩子害怕地哭，因?yàn)樗詾槟鞘俏淦?，作者利用這個(gè)經(jīng)歷旨在說明戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給孩子們留下了陰影，故D項(xiàng)正確。 詞匯微存?、賏mazingly adv.令人吃驚的是； ②distribute vt.發(fā)行 閱讀理解C　(2018郴州質(zhì)檢)　體裁：說明文　話題：社會(huì)　難度：★★☆☆☆ Theres something about the New Year that always makes me read my horoscope (星象) to see what lies ahead. I dont believe in any of it really but theres fort in being told that the next 12 months will bring health, wealth and happiness. Well, its usually over optimistic, isnt it? There are many other people who are also skeptical about astrology (占星術(shù)) and its belief that knowledge of the position of the stars and planets can help us understand our personality or predict human affairs. However, despite the lack of scientific evidence in its favour, astrology has been around for thousands of years, and is believed by millions of people in both the West and the East. The West has its star signs every month and the East has its animals every year. Im a Pig. When I first found out I was a Pig person I was a little disappointed, and my friends (powerful Dragons, friendly Dogs and fierce Tigers) laughed. Pigs have a bad reputation—people think theyre dirty animals that smell horrible. In the Chinese zodiac (生肖) there are 12 animals and according to one legend, when Buddha left the earth, only 12 animals came to say goodbye to him. As a reward Buddha named a year after each of the animals in the order that they came to him, and the pig came last. So I thought I was unlucky being a Pig but this isnt so. It appears that Pigs are kind people who are helpful and giving. They tend to make good friends as they are faithful, thoughtful and trusting. Pigs are happy, optimistic people and have lots of fun—that sounds OK to me! However, Pigs are often naive(幼稚的) and apparently its easy to cheat a Pig. They are also likely to react without thinking, and theyre not that great with money either. Pigs, it seems, get along with Sheep and Rabbits but, interestingly, not other Pigs, who they should stay_clear_of. 【語篇解讀】　作者介紹了屬相的傳說以及屬豬的人的性格。 8．Finding out that he was a Pig person, the author felt ________. A. a little unhappy B. very excited C. quite proud D. a little surprised 答案與解析　A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的a little disappointed可知，作者知道自己屬豬時(shí)，有點(diǎn)不開心，故A 項(xiàng)正確。 9．What is the legend mentioned in Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The lonely life of Buddha. B. The features of Pig people. C. The advantages of being a Pig. D. The origin of the Chinese zodiac. 答案與解析　D　推理判斷題。第四段主要說明生肖這個(gè)傳說的由來，故D項(xiàng)正確。 10．Which of the following is TRUE about Pigs? A. They are innocent. B. They are very lazy. C. They are very smart. D. They are moneymakers. 答案與解析　A　正誤判斷題。最后一段說明屬豬的人性格善良、樂于助人、幼稚而且容易被人欺騙，故選項(xiàng)A正確。 11．What does the underlined part “stay clear of” in the last paragraph mean? A. Give in to. B. Fight against. C. Keep away from. D. Make friends with. 答案與解析　C　詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線部分所在句說明屬豬的人和屬兔或?qū)傺虻娜讼嗵幱淇欤D(zhuǎn)折連詞but暗示屬豬的人和其他屬豬的人在一起相處不好，即屬豬的人應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離其他屬豬的人。 閱讀技巧14　巧用線索猜詞義——詞義(單詞或短語)猜測(cè)題 猜測(cè)單詞或短語的含義是閱讀中的難點(diǎn)，可以利用上下文語境的暗示判斷生詞的含義。如利用同義或定義解釋法，即利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的or、that is to say、in other words、namely等或利用破折號(hào)、定語從句、同位語從句等猜測(cè)畫線詞含義。根據(jù)語境猜測(cè)畫線詞的含義占猜測(cè)詞義類試題的大多數(shù)，做題時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文語境信息進(jìn)行分析推理，從而猜測(cè)出生詞的含義。 詞匯微存?、賗nterestingly adv.有趣的是； ②be skeptical about懷疑 在閱讀過程中，不可避免地要碰到一些生詞，能利用上下文和句子結(jié)構(gòu)猜測(cè)詞義是高中生必備的閱讀能力之一，也是閱讀理解試題考查的一個(gè)重要方面。生詞處理得好壞，會(huì)直接影響到閱讀理解題得分的高低。 試卷上要求判斷詞義的單詞或短語，基本上是我們不熟悉的，但也有些是學(xué)過的，不過往往意思發(fā)生了變化。所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，而要根據(jù)語境來判斷，著重考查利用同義或反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、語法和語篇等理解生詞的能力。詞匯釋義題的命題方式大同小異，例如： What does the underlined word “...” mean in the passage? The underlined part “...” could best be replaced by ________. “...” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________. The word “...” is closest in meaning to ________. By saying “...” the author means ________. The underlined phrase “...” (paragraph 6) most probably means ________. 技巧運(yùn)用1　根據(jù)定義或釋義推斷。 在一些文章中，有時(shí)作者在使用了一個(gè)自己認(rèn)為讀者不太熟悉的單詞之后，往往會(huì)對(duì)該詞的詞義作一些解釋或說明?？梢岳蒙舷挛牡亩x或釋義來猜測(cè)詞義，這是最直接也是最簡(jiǎn)單的方法。例如：The enemy soldiers surrendered,_that is, threw out their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads.短語that is后面就是對(duì)surrender的釋義：扔出武器，雙手舉過頭頂走出來，可判斷出surrender是“投降”的意思。 提示　用來表示定義或釋義的提示語有mean (意指), refer to (指的是), be defined as (被定義為), be known as (被稱為), be called (被稱為), be termed (被定義為), that is (即是), or (即)或in other words (換句話說)，等等。 技巧運(yùn)用2　根據(jù)同義詞或近義詞推斷。 作者為了使自己的意思表達(dá)得更清楚明白，通常用一個(gè)同義詞或近義詞來解釋一個(gè)比較難的詞，也可能在表達(dá)同一概念時(shí)將多個(gè)同義詞或近義詞或同一范疇的詞語排列在一起。例如：Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.作者把學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)和他的母親相比，母親是胖的，根據(jù)as ... as ...結(jié)構(gòu)可推斷出plump和fat是近義詞，也是“肥胖”的意思。 提示　同義或近義的信號(hào)詞是or, like, as ... as ..., the same as等，可以根據(jù)已知的詞語很容易地推斷出其中某個(gè)生詞的詞義。 技巧運(yùn)用3　根據(jù)反義詞或?qū)Ρ?、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推斷。 有時(shí)作者在文章中會(huì)用一些相互對(duì)應(yīng)、互為反義的詞語，使不同事物的特點(diǎn)更為突出?？梢酝ㄟ^上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，從對(duì)兩種事物或現(xiàn)象的對(duì)比描述中，根據(jù)其中一個(gè)熟悉的詞將它的詞義反推出來。例如：Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it is hoarse.作者想說的是她現(xiàn)在的狀況與過去不同：過去她的聲音是soft and sweet，那么現(xiàn)在就是hoarse (沙啞的)了。 提示　表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞通常是but, yet, however, otherwise, despite, even though, unlike, instead (of), rather than, on the other hand, on the contrary等。 技巧運(yùn)用4　根據(jù)作者的舉例判斷。 在行文過程中，作者往往會(huì)運(yùn)用舉例的方法使一些專業(yè)詞匯或抽象概念通俗易懂，這在說明文體，尤其是在科普類的文章中比較多見。例如：Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Mrs. White, for example, speaks five languages.根據(jù)for example后面的例證不難推出polyglot是“會(huì)說多種語言的人”。 提示　表示列舉關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有l(wèi)ike, for example, for instance, such as, especially, include, consist of, especially等。 技巧運(yùn)用5　根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)或常識(shí)推斷。 結(jié)合自己的社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和生活常識(shí)，往往也能有效地推斷出生詞的詞義。例如：In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with them a large quantity of dowry.根據(jù)社會(huì)習(xí)俗習(xí) 慣，有錢人家的姑娘出嫁肯定要帶很多“嫁妝”的。 提示　在猜測(cè)生詞時(shí)，要注意看看同一生詞是否在文章中其他地方出現(xiàn)，并把兩處的語境相比較，更準(zhǔn)確地猜出詞義。 技巧運(yùn)用6　根據(jù)上下文推斷。 可以根據(jù)上下文的語境暗示，運(yùn)用邏輯推理來猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。例如：He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.作者用含once引導(dǎo)的從句的主從復(fù)合句描述了“他”的個(gè)性：一旦樹立了目標(biāo)就不會(huì)輕易放棄。由此推出，resolute應(yīng)該是“堅(jiān)決的、有決心的”之意。 技巧運(yùn)用7　根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推斷。 有怎樣的原因就會(huì)導(dǎo)致怎樣的結(jié)果，反之，知道了結(jié)果也能夠分析出其原因來。例如：Since I could not afford to buy the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.根據(jù)since引出的原因狀語從句來看，因?yàn)樽髡哔I不起原畫，結(jié)果買了“replica”，后一句又進(jìn)一步說“沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人是看不出差別的”，所以很容易推斷replica應(yīng)是“復(fù)制品，贗品”的意思。 提示　表示因果關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞有because, so thus, due to, result in/from, as a result (of)等。 技巧運(yùn)用8　根據(jù)語法知識(shí)推斷。 有些語法知識(shí)，如定語從句和同位語等，有時(shí)起著解釋或進(jìn)一步說明的作用，可以幫助推斷生詞的詞義。例如：He was a prestidigitator who amused the children buy pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.用who引導(dǎo)的定語從句給出了生詞的意思，可判斷prestidigitator是“變戲法的人”。 提示　定語從句對(duì)被修飾的名詞加以修飾、限制和解釋說明，同位語或同位語從句對(duì)被修飾的名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，兩者都能對(duì)所修飾的名詞給出非常清楚的定義。 技巧運(yùn)用9　根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)推斷。 有時(shí)作者借助標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)直接為生詞提供定義或解釋。例如：One of the tourists has just been bluejacked—secretly sent a text message using short-range wireless technology called Bluetooth.通過破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容可以看出bluejack意思是“運(yùn)用‘藍(lán)牙’這種短程無線技巧秘密發(fā)送手機(jī)短語”。 提示　文章中解釋生詞常用的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)有括號(hào)、冒號(hào)和破折號(hào)等。  閱讀七選五　體裁：說明文　話題：語言學(xué)習(xí)　難度：★★☆☆☆ How to Remember What You Read Reading is important. But the next step is making sure that you remember what youve read! __1__ You may have just read the text, but the ideas, concepts and images (形象) may fly right out of your head. Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read. ?__2__(利用同源詞和標(biāo)題句特點(diǎn)(疑問句或祈使句)判斷 If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely wont be able to remember what you read. Its a bit like reading a foreign language. If you dont understand what youre reading, how would you remember it? But there are a few things you can do... Use a dictionary; look up the difficult words. ?Read it; hear it; be it! Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. Hed make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for each character. __4__ ?How often do you read? If you read frequently, youll likely have an easier time with remembering what youre reading and what youve read. __5__ As you make reading a regular part of your life, youll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better. Youll learn to enjoy literature—as you remember what you read! A. Are you confused? B. Practice makes perfect. C. Whats your motivation? D. Memory is sometimes a tricky thing. E. Marking helps you remember what you read. F. But other books require a bit more work on your part. G. You can do the same thing when you are reading the text! 答案與解析　 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇說明文，給我們介紹了幾種記住閱讀內(nèi)容的方法。 1．D　前句大意為“要記住所讀的東西”，而后句則講述的是“所學(xué)的概念，思想和形象被遺忘”，據(jù)此可知中間的過渡句與記憶有關(guān)，故D項(xiàng)符合語意。 2．A　根據(jù)“If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely wont be able to remember what you read.”可知，本段講述的是“怎樣解惑”，故A項(xiàng)可作本段的主題句。 3．F　前句“With some books, you may feel a connection right away.”講的是“有些書上的知識(shí)是很快建立聯(lián)系的”，而后句“How willing are you to make the connections happen？”意為“怎樣使知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來”，故中間的過渡句大意為“另一些書是難以建立聯(lián)系的”，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語意。 4．G　根據(jù)前文列舉“狄更斯寫作時(shí)的故事”可知，G項(xiàng)“閱讀時(shí)你可以效仿他”可作為本段的總結(jié)句。 5．B　根據(jù)前后句表示“提高閱讀頻率”大意可知，所缺句大意應(yīng)該與其和諧一致，故表示“熟能生巧”含意的B項(xiàng)(Practice makes perfect.)符合語意。 難句微析　原文　If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely wont be able to remember what you read. 譯文　如果你對(duì)故事情節(jié)，人物或詞匯的用法有疑惑，你就可能不能記住所讀的內(nèi)容。 分析　這是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you是條件狀語從句；what you read是賓語從句，what在從句中充當(dāng)賓語。 詞匯微存?、賔ocused adj.全神貫注的； ②act out表演