2019高考英語 基礎(chǔ)保分篇 第五講 形容詞和副詞講與練 新人教版.doc

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形容詞和副詞 第五講　形容詞和副詞 第一課時(shí)　知識過關(guān)課 1.朗讀下列句子，看看形容詞可作哪些成分。 (1)Abraham Lincoln was a self－made man.林肯是一個(gè)自學(xué)成才的人。 (2)He was so tired that he fell asleep sitting in his chair. 他太累了，坐在椅子上睡著了。 (3)Martin found the work slightly dull.馬丁發(fā)現(xiàn)這工作稍稍有點(diǎn)枯燥。 (4)I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。 2.看看副詞在句中作狀語，可修飾哪些詞。 (1)He said quite__positively that he would e.他很肯定地說他會來。 (2)It’s simply wonderful to see you！看到你太好了！ (3)I heard pretty clearly then.我當(dāng)時(shí)聽得相當(dāng)清楚。 (4)Your coat is just behind the door.你的上衣正好在門后面。 (5)Frankly，I am not satisfied with your work.坦白說，我對你的工作不滿意。 1.(1)定語　(2)表語　(3)賓補(bǔ)　(4)后置定語 2.(1)修飾動詞　(2)修飾形容詞 (3)修飾另一副詞　(4)修飾介詞短語　(5)修飾句子 Ⅰ.單句填空(用所給單詞的正確形式填空) 1.You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more__slowly(slowly)? 2.Those who have more(much) money than sense may sometimes act foolishly. 3.Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large(large) as that of theirs. 4.The new group of students is better－behaved than the other group who stayed here earlier(early). 5.The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted better(good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. 6.Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his best－known(well－know) one. 7.Of the two coats, I’d choose the cheaper(cheap) one to spare some money for a book. 8.Work gets done more__easily(easily) when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. 9.This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses less(little) water and electricity than older(old) models. 10.I don’t think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen worse(bad). Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.Different people have different attitudes to the value of honesty. In my opinion, nothing could be important.在be后加more 2.Although he was seriously injured in the devastating earthquake, he recovered more faster than anyone else in Wenchuan Red Cross Hospital.去掉faster前的more 3.My beloved mother bought some articles of furniture in the second－h(huán)and market at an extremely low price, but they all look well.well→good 4.Fast & Furious 7 is by far the exciting film that I have ever seen.在the后加most 5.In spite of the fact that he got the task in the last minute, he acplished it as better as others.better→well 6.The number of tourists paying a visit to Tai Mountain was small last year, but there seems to be even few tourists around this year.few→fewer 7.In the distance appeared a figure who I thought was professor Wang. However, when he came close to me, I found he was professor Li.close→closer 8.If they had got to the station five minutes early, they would have caught the first train bound for Panyu Square.early→earlier 9.I can’t understand what you said just now. Can you speak a bit slowly？在slowly前加more 10.Of all the participants, Martha Berry works hard.hard→hardest 11.He is a heavily smoker.heavily→heavy 12.She looks happily.happily→happy 13.I find it easily to get on with her.easily→easy 14.You must work much more careful.careful→carefully 15.Being a student, he was natural interested in museums.natural→naturally 16.All of them are working extreme well.extreme→extremely 17.Hopeful, we’ll meet again on Thursday.Hopeful→Hopefully 18.He is bad in need of money.bad→badly Ⅲ.語篇填空(在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用所給詞的正確形式填空，可根據(jù)漢語提示完成英語短文。) I don’t think it 1.________ (difficulty) to learn English well, because as long as you work hard, you can learn it well. I believe that the 2.________ (hard) you work at your study, the better you can learn it. For example，Li Ping, a friend of 3.________， is the 4.________ hard－working student in our class, and he gets 5.________ (high) marks than any other student in our class in every English test.6.________ (lead) by him, all the students in our class are studying English 7.________ (越來越努力). As a result, in the latest English test, our class was the 8.________ (good) of the two key classes in our school，and the number of students who got excellent marks is 9.________ (兩倍大) that of the other. Therefore，10.________ of us should study hard no matter what we learn. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文論述了只要努力學(xué)習(xí)就能學(xué)好的觀點(diǎn)。 1.difficult　[作賓補(bǔ)要用形容詞。] 2.harder　[是“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”句型，表示“越……就越……”。] 3.mine　[指my friends。] 4.most　[in our class表示范圍，故要用最高級。] 5.higher　[由than可知要用比較級，本句是用比較級表示最高級的句型。] 6.Led　[“在他的帶領(lǐng)下”，用－ed形式作狀語，表示原因。] 7.harder and harder　[表示“越來越”，用“比較級＋比較級”。] 8.better　[表示“兩者中較……的那一個(gè)”，用the＋比較級＋of the two。] 9.twice as large as/twice larger than　[倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。] 10.all　[指“我們所有的人”都應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。] 第二課時(shí)　高考研究課 形容詞和副詞在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 1.根據(jù)形容詞和副詞的句法功能填出所給詞的正確詞性。 2.根據(jù)以下信息正確寫出形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 ①根據(jù)比較級的關(guān)鍵詞than確定使用比較級； ②句中雖然沒有“than...”結(jié)構(gòu)，但暗含比較的意味，也用比較級； ③有些句型結(jié)構(gòu)，如“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”中使用比較級。 真題驗(yàn)證1 1.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　fairly　[此處需要用副詞來修飾形容詞unpleasant。] 2.The Central London Railway was one of the most ________(success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　successful　[句意：倫敦中央地鐵是這些新地鐵線中最成功的線路之一。根據(jù)句意以及空格前的the most可知，此處是the most＋多音節(jié)形容詞構(gòu)成最高級，故填successful。] 3.As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even ________(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　worse　[even修飾比較級，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。] 4.However, be ________(care) not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　careful　[此處表示“小心不要走極端”。根據(jù)句意和be可知后面用形容詞careful。] 5.It is ________(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 答案　certainly　[此處應(yīng)該使用副詞形式作狀語，修飾謂語動詞is。] 6.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of ________(great) and less importance.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　greater　[由后面less可知此處應(yīng)該填入great的比較級。] 7.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________(clean) than ever.(全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　cleaner　[句中than為比較級的標(biāo)志詞。] 8.The ________(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you！(遼寧卷) 答案　harder　[the more...the more...意為：越……，越……。] 形容詞和副詞在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 比較等級的錯(cuò)用 1.表示二者比較用比較級；表示三者或三者以上比較用最高級； 2.充分利用語境所提供的信息，如上下文中的比較等級，語境中所做比較的范圍；不該使用比較級等； 3.牢記常見沒有比較等級的形容詞和副詞。 詞性錯(cuò)用 混淆形容詞和副詞的句法功能 意近引起的錯(cuò)用 有些形容詞或副詞意思相近但不能混用。 贅詞 受漢語的影響在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中增加了不必要的形容詞或副詞 真題驗(yàn)證2 1.In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　interesting→interested　[interesting有趣的；interested對……感興趣的，修飾人。be interested in對……感興趣。] 2.They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　earlier→early　[此處沒有比較的意思，所以不用比較級。] 3.Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　Beside→Besides　[句意：此外，他們還經(jīng)常從網(wǎng)上獲取一些有用的信息。介詞beside意為：在……旁邊；副詞besides意為：此外。] 4.I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　去掉much　[so...that...，表示“如此……以至于……”。so修飾后面的形容詞nervous，所以much多余。] 5.A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　late→later　[時(shí)間段＋late表示“遲到多長時(shí)間”；時(shí)間段＋later表示“多久之后”。此處表示“幾分鐘后，教練讓我把車停下來”。] 6.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　suddenly→sudden　[此處需要形容詞修飾后面的名詞stop，表示“突然停止”。] 7. I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.(2017全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　late→latest　[根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)該表示“最近的，最新的”，故使用形容詞latest。] 8.The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　worse→worst　[由前面the best可知，此處應(yīng)該使用最高級。] 第三課時(shí)　寫作增分課 形容詞和副詞在寫作中的增分點(diǎn) 一、正確使用形容詞和副詞寫對句子 1.那天我病得很厲害，不幸的是，爸爸也不在家。(seriously, ill, unfortunately) I__was__seriously__ill__that__day,__but__unfortunately,__Dad__wasn’t__at__home. 2.又驚又怕，他不知道該怎么辦。(frightened, surprised, at a loss, what to do) Frightened__and__surprised,__he__was__at__a__loss__what__to__do. 3.終于，我們到家了，又累又餓。(hungry, tired) At__last,__we__arrived__home,__hungry__and__tired. 4.唱歌可以使人放松，幫助減輕壓力。(sing songs, relaxing, reduce stress) Singing__songs__is__relaxing,__which__can__help__reduce__stress. 5.他是一個(gè)如此害羞的男孩以至于他不能忍受在全班同學(xué)面前說話。(so shy, boy, that, can’t stand doing, in front of the class) He__is__so__shy__a__boy__that__he__can’t__stand__speaking__in__front__of__the__class. 二、利用靚點(diǎn)詞匯增加句子魅力 1.形容詞：enough→adequate; useful→available; difficult→challenging; proper→appropriate; important→vital/significant; interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing 2.副詞：finally→eventually; hardly→barely; immediately→in a flash; nowadays→currently 1.在隨后的三年里，我們的學(xué)校生活將會是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。 In the ing three years，our__school__life__will__be__challenging. 2.這種現(xiàn)象會引發(fā)對環(huán)境保護(hù)問題看法的重大改變。 This phenomenon may lead to significant__changes__towards__environmental protection. 3.最終，你的孩子會離開家，作為一個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的成年人過她自己的生活。 Eventually__your__child__will__leave__home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult. 三、遣詞造句中巧用形容詞和副詞 1.利用likely表示“可能性”：be likely to do; It is likely that... 2.利用beneficial表示有“好處”：be beneficial to 3.利用particularly，especially表示強(qiáng)調(diào) 1.如果你們來到我們學(xué)校，很可能會遇到生活中的一些難題。 If you e to our school, you are__likely__to__meet__some__difficult__problems in your life. 2.按照我的觀點(diǎn)，我們的圖書館應(yīng)該購置一些科普類和文學(xué)類圖書，因?yàn)樗鼈儗ξ覀兇笥幸嫣帯? From my point of view, our library should buy some popular science books and literary books because__they__are__beneficial__to__us. 3.現(xiàn)在你如果問我長大想干什么，我會毫不猶豫地回答：我想當(dāng)一名老師，尤其是當(dāng)一名英語老師！ Now if you ask me what I want to be when I grow up, I will say without hesitation that I__want__to__be__a__teacher,__particularly__an__English__teacher! 四、正確使用比較級、最高級寫句子 1.說起來容易做起來難。(than, carry out) It’s__easier__said__than__carried__out. 2.現(xiàn)在，學(xué)好英語是你們最重要的事情。(at the moment, learn English well, by far, for you) At__the__moment,__learning__English__well__is__by__far__the__most__important__thing__for__you. 3.我聽說你上周病了。你現(xiàn)在好一點(diǎn)了嗎？(be ill, any better) I__hear__that__you__were__ill__last__week.Are__you__any__better__now? 4.去北京的這次旅行真是妙極了。我從來沒有經(jīng)歷過比這更有趣、更令人興奮的旅行。(the tour to, was fantastic, experience) The__tour__to__Beijing__was__fantastic.I__had__never__experienced__a__more__interesting__and__exciting__one. 5.在全身心投入之后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語越來越有趣，他的英語成績也越來越好。(put one’s heart into, find, get better) After__putting__his__heart__into__it,__he__finds__learning__English__more__and__more__interesting__and__his__English__is__getting__better__and__better. 五、正確使用倍數(shù)表達(dá)法寫句子 1.現(xiàn)在這個(gè)城市的人口是十年前的十倍。(the population, as large as) Now,__the__population__of__the__city__is__ten__times__as__large__as__it__was__ten__years__ago. 2.這種車的速度將比現(xiàn)在最快的車快兩倍。(kind, fast) This__kind__of__car__will__be__twice__faster__than__the__fastest__car__now. 3.新機(jī)場將是現(xiàn)在機(jī)場的三倍大。(airport, the size of, present) The__new__airport__will__be__three__times__the__size__of__the__present__one. 4.我們學(xué)校的校園是十年前的兩倍大。(the size of, the schoolyard, twice, what it was) The__size__of__the__schoolyard__of__our__school__is__twice__what__it__was__ten__years__ago.