浙江省2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 專題十一 推理判斷教師用書（含解析）.docx

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專題十一　推理判斷 挖命題 【考情探究】 考點(diǎn) 考向 考情分析 預(yù)測(cè)熱度 考頻統(tǒng)計(jì) 考查目標(biāo) 2018.11 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6 2016.10 閱讀理解 推理判斷 5 3 4 4 4 考綱要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索,進(jìn)行邏輯推斷,理解作者所要表達(dá)的深層含義,推測(cè)作者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生的可能性 ★★★ 分析解讀　　1.推理判斷題不僅要求考生理解文章和句子的表層信息,更要理解字里行間的深層含義,并且經(jīng)常要求考生根據(jù)文章的信息判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,因此是屬于難度較大的一類題目。 2.推理判斷題在高考中的設(shè)題相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,一般會(huì)占到40%左右。 3.推理判斷題的設(shè)題有一定的難度梯度。題目的設(shè)置不僅涉及文章句子的理解,而且會(huì)涉及對(duì)社會(huì)文化的理解等。因此要做好推理判斷題,考生還要在平時(shí)掌握一定的英語語言文章的背景知識(shí)。 過專題 【五年高考】 A組　2018年全國高考題組 Passage 1(2018浙江6月,A)詞數(shù):313 In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(識(shí)字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like“By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A.They were difficult to understand. B.They were popular among the rich. C.They were seen as nearly worthless. D.They were written mostly by women. 2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress　　　. A.his reputation in France B.his interest in modern art C.his success in publication D.his importance in literature 3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A.To remember a great writer. B.To introduce an English novel. C.To encourage studies on culture. D.To promote values of the Victorian age. 答案 1.C 2.D 3.A Passage 2(2018課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,D)詞數(shù):351 We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(裝置)well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what’s the solution(解決方案)?The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 1.What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly. 2.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of minerals. B.To test the life cycle of a product. C.To update consumers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 3.Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV.　　　B.The tablet. C.The LCD TV.　　　D.The desktop computer. 4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them.　　　B.Take them apart. C.Upgrade them.　　　D.Recycle them. 答案 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.A Passage 3(2018課標(biāo)全國Ⅲ,C)詞數(shù):368 While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校園)of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲線)of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view. Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素). Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize. Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said. “Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said. “Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang. The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said. 1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are 　　　. A.following the latest world trend B.getting international recognition C.working harder than ever before D.relying on foreign architects 2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most? A.Its hilly environment. B.Its large size. C.Its unique style. D.Its diverse functions. 3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success? A.The mixture of different shapes. B.The balance of East and West. C.The use of popular techniques. D.The harmony of old and new. 4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang? A.Spread them to the world. B.Preserve them at museums. C.Teach them in universities. D.Recreate them in practice. 答案 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D Passage 4(2018北京,C)詞數(shù):345 Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.” Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.” 1.What can we learn about the worms in the study? A.They take plastics as their everyday food. B.They are newly evolved creatures. C.They can consume plastics. D.They wind up in landfills. 2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to　　　. A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed 3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might　　　. A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To explain a study method on worms. B.To introduce the diet of a special worm. C.To present a way to break down plastics. D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance. 答案 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C Passage 5(2018天津,B)詞數(shù):407 When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address?”“No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.” “Oh, stop. There it is!” The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us. “May I help you?”a man asked.“No,”I said.“We’re fine.”Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in?Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(愛窺探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are?”he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum!”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“What’s this place?”I asked, still confused.“Well, it’s our home.”My heart jolted(震顫). I raced to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!” “There’s some really good stuff(藝術(shù)作品)up there.”She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”O(jiān)utside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything. The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened. Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?” 　　“Yes. But how do you know?We never told anyone.” “That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I’ve always wanted to thank you.” 1.What do we know about Marian McNay? A.She was a painter. B.She was a community leader. C.She was a museum director. D.She was a journalist. 2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house? A.She disliked people who were nosy. B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers. C.She knew more about art than the man. D.She mistook him for a tour guide. 3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall? A.Puzzled.　　　　　B.Concerned.　　　　　C.Frightened.　　　　　D.Delighted. 4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words? A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her. B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum. C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house. D.The event happening in the house was more significant. 5.What could we learn from the last paragraph? A.People should have good taste to enjoy life. B.People should spend more time with their family. C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum. 答案 1.A 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.C Passage 6(2018天津,D)詞數(shù):367 Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door?If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions. Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits. The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first. Another block to awareness is the obsession(癡迷)many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet”and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing. The pressures of “time”and“destination”are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. “Oh, a few birds,”they said. They seemed bent on their destinations. Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life. 1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more　　　. A.anxious to do wonders B.sensitive to others’ feelings C.likely to develop unpleasant habits D.eager to explore the world around them 2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A.To avoid jumping to conclusions. B.To stop complaining all the time. C.To follow the teacher’s advice. D.To admit mistakes honestly. 3.The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they　　　. A.are very patient in their observation B.are really fascinated by nature C.care only about the names of birds D.question the accuracy of the field guides 4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey? A.The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them. B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time. C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination. 5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should　　　. A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C.open our mind to new things and ideas D.try our best to protect nature 答案 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A Passage 7(2018江蘇,D)詞數(shù):704 Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned. It found many youngsters(少年)now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “l(fā)ikes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web. The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s Commissioner(專員)Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online. Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “l(fā)ikes” for their online posts. The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock. Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”, suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become. Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”. She said:“Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.” As the