浙江省2020年高考英語總復(fù)習 專題八 語篇型填空教師用書（含解析）.docx

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專題八　語篇型填空 挖命題 【考情探究】 考點 考情分析 考查方式 2018.11 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6 2016.10 語 篇 信 息 體裁 說明文 說明文 說明文 記敘文 記敘文 題材 咖啡因?qū)θ藗兊挠绊? 外國人到中國不在家里做飯 提高詞匯量的方法 在自家花園找到了十多年前丟失的戒指 孩子意外地去參加父親的演出 名 詞 詞類 轉(zhuǎn)換 1 1 根據(jù)所給的相關(guān)提示詞,寫出相應(yīng)的名詞 單復(fù) 數(shù)等 1 1 1 1 1 根據(jù)句意和上下文,判斷所給名詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式 代 詞 詞類 轉(zhuǎn)換 1 1 1 根據(jù)所給的相關(guān)提示詞,寫出合適的代詞。主要是人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 其他 1 根據(jù)上下文的語境寫出合適的代詞 冠詞 1 1 在沒有提示詞的情況下,根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系選擇合適的定冠詞、不定冠詞 介詞、 動詞詞組 1 1 1 2 1.無提示詞,根據(jù)語境以及相關(guān)的名詞或代詞,填入一個合適的介詞 2.無提示詞,根據(jù)相關(guān)的動詞以及語境,填入合適的介詞或副詞,和前面的動詞組成詞組 形容詞、副詞 詞類 轉(zhuǎn)換 1 1 2 1 1 根據(jù)所給的同根詞,填上合適的形容詞或副詞 比較 級等 1 1 根據(jù)所給的形容詞或副詞的原級,填上合適的比較級或最高級 謂語動詞 2 2 1 1 1 根據(jù)語境,用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空,或填上合適的情態(tài)動詞或助動詞 非謂語動詞 2 1 2 2 3 用所給動詞的合適的非謂語動詞形式填空 續(xù)表 考點 考情分析 考查方式 2018.11 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6 2016.10 并列句、復(fù)合句 及其他 2 1 1 2 1 以自由填空的形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文,填上合適的連接詞 分析解讀　　1.語篇型填空的考查方式是提供一篇200詞左右的短文或?qū)υ?其中有10個空格,要求考生填入合適的單詞。該設(shè)題語法知識點覆蓋度廣,可以涉及幾乎所有的語法知識點,同時語法知識點和文章的句子結(jié)合,大大提高了語法的實用效果。 2.文章的難度適中,符合高中學生的閱讀水平。 3.考查形式分為給出提示詞和不給提示詞兩種。①給出提示詞的包括:詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞與動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞和形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換等);形容詞比較級與最高級的變化;名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化;動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)及非謂語動詞等。②不給出提示詞的包括:根據(jù)上下文的語境填入冠詞、連詞、代詞等。 4.挖空一般比較均勻,所要填空的地方不會影響學生對短文的理解。 5.倒裝、強調(diào)等特殊句式的考查一般結(jié)合在其他的語法項目中進行,很少單獨直接考查。 【真題典例】 　　Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese　1　(dish)is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners　2　come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap　3　can be to eat out. I still remember　4　(visit)a friend who’d lived here for five years and I　5　(shock)when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to　6　(become)common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be　7　(afford)but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even　8　(high)cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in　9　(weigh)problems. If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home　10　dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 第一段通過一個外國友人的事例提出話題:外國人來中國很少自己做飯。 第二段分析了這種現(xiàn)象的弊端。 第三段指出了改變這種現(xiàn)狀的必要性和好處。 解題思路 1.dishes　考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:做中國菜被認為是特別麻煩的一件事。dish為可數(shù)名詞,且前面無冠詞,故此處要使用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 2.who/that　考查定語從句?！　　ome to China是定語從句,修飾先行詞westerners,定語從句中缺少主語,且修飾的先行詞表示“人”,所以要用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導。 3.it　考查it用法?？崭裉幨切问街髡Z,真正的主語是后面的不定式to eat out。充當形式主語要用it。 4.visiting　考查非謂語動詞?？崭裉帒?yīng)該是非謂語動詞作賓語,根據(jù)語境可知此處表達“記得做過某事”,應(yīng)該用remember doing sth.,所以答案為visiting。 5.was shocked　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)?？崭裉幨蔷渥拥闹^語,根據(jù)語境和learnt可知時態(tài)為一般過去時,此處表示“感到震驚的”,故答案為was shocked。 6.have become　考查非謂語動詞。seem to do sth.好像/似乎做某事。根據(jù)語境和句子的時間狀語in recent years可知,此處應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式,表達動作已經(jīng)完成,所以答案為have become。 7.affordable　考查形容詞?？崭裉幵诰渲凶鞅碚Z,表示主語的特征,要用afford的形容詞形式,affordable 意為:負擔得起的。 8.higher　考查形容詞比較級。句意:這么做可能還會讓你付出更高的健康方面的代價。根據(jù)設(shè)空前的even和語境可知,此處表達比花錢更高的代價,應(yīng)用high的比較級形式,故填higher。 9.weight　考查名詞?？崭裉巻卧~是修飾后面的名詞的,weight problems體重問題。 10.for　考查介詞用法。根據(jù)語境可知空格處表示“為了”。應(yīng)該用介詞for表示目的。 過專題 【五年高考】 A組　2018年全國高考題組 Passage 1(2018浙江11月) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The Caffeine Catch Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably　1　(use)caffeine since childhood. Caffeine　2　(be)in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(來源)of caffeine for most children and even some adults.　3　(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks. Small amounts of caffeine—a cup　4　two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee　5　the late afternoon or evening will cause　6　(they)to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem　7　(call)caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep. It is possible　8　caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷)in humans, too. One study showed that　9　(woman)who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely　10　(have)children with birth defects. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.have used/have been using 2.was 3.Recently 4.or 5.in 6.them 7.called 8.that 9.women 10.to have Passage 2(2018課標全國Ⅰ) 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years　1　(long)than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long　2　(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of　3　(die)early by running. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it　4　(be)more effective at lengthening life　5　walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014　6　showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all　7　(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to　8　(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always　9　(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give　10　a try. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.longer 2.to see 3.dying 4.is 5.than 6.that/which 7.causes 8.strengthen 9.energetic 10.it/running Passage 3(2018課標全國Ⅱ) 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country　1　(grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over　2　past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is　3　(actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice　4　(improve)water quality. Corn uses less water　5　rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased　6　(pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total　7　(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government　8　(start)a soil-testing program　9　 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while　10　(feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.has grown 2.the 3.actually 4.to improve 5.than 6.pollution 7.global 8.started 9.that/which 10.feeding Passage 4(2018課標全國Ⅲ) 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 I’m not sure　1　is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at　2　top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the　3　(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid　4　(look)directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel　5　(challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a　6　(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching　7　these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find　8　(they)alive. True to gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal　9　(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying:“I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!”O(jiān)nce his message was delivered, he allowed me　10　(stay)and watch. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.who 2.the 3.loudest 4.looking 5.challenged 6.scientist 7.for 8.them 9.meant 10.to stay B組　2014—2017年全國高考題組 Passage 1(2017浙江6月) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 　1　(carrot)and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 　2　(shine)object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 　3　 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 　4　(I),” says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 　5　(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 　6　(cook)a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 　7　(search)the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 　8　(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 　9　 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生長)through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 　10　wonder. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.carrots 2.shiny/shining 3.so 4.myself 5.earlier 6.to cook 7.searched 8.swept 9.where 10.a Passage 2(2017課標全國Ⅰ) 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 　　There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學界)　1　a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side　2　(effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required　3　(process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt　4　(remove)from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As　5　result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even　6　(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food　7　(be)full of fat and salt;by　8　(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be　9　(care)not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,　10　is not good for the health. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.as 2.effects 3.to process 4.are removed 5.a 6.worse 7.is 8.eating 9.careful 10.which Passage 3(2017課標全國Ⅱ) 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 　1　(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and 　2　 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 　3　(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over 　4　 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 　5　(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been 　6　(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 　7　 every day. Later, engineers 　8　(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 　9　(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 　10　(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.crowds 2.from 3.laying 4.the 5.were used 6.fairly 7.it 8.managed 9.introduction 10.successful Passage 4(2017課標全國Ⅲ) 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 　1　(rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 　2　 model in New York. Sarah 　3　(tell)that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 　4　has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 　5　(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 　6　(educate). She has turned down several 　7　(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 　8　 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 　9　(come)first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 　10　(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.” 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.resting 2.a 3.has been told/was told 4.who 5.to prove 6.education 7.invitations 8.in 9.comes 10.certainly Passage 5(2016浙江10月) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Magic Touch From my hotel room window,I could see a large advertisement board with his face on it:Jason, the Great Magician. I absent-mindedly turned the　1　(page)of the phone book and came across a city map. Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets 　2　 the hotel to the opera hall. Not more　3　a half-hour walk, I thought. I looked　4　(quick)at the clock. The show starts in one hour; plenty of time!I drank the rest of my coffee and went to take a shower. Soon after, I was on my way to the show,　5　(carry)a fancy black handbag and a happy smile. The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about　6　(begin). I made my way backstage just　7　 the great magician was putting on his top hat. “Daddy, I’m so glad to see you,” I　　8　(whisper). “I’m in town for the writer’s class, but I just couldn’t miss your show.” I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area,leaving him with a　9　(surprise)smile. I settled down in the darkness, and the curtains opened. Magically, that show remains the Great Jason’s best　10　(perform)to this day. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.pages 2.from 3.than 4.quickly 5.carrying 6.to begin 7.when/as 8.whispered 9.surprised 10.performance Passage 6(2016課標全國Ⅰ) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top　1　(attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I　2　(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be　3　(official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 　4　my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,　5　I was the first Western TV reporter　6　(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include　7　(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by　8　(it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few　9　(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,　10　other is with mum—she never suspects. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.attraction 2.was allowed 3.officially 4.to 5.when 6.permitted 7.introducing 8.its 9.days 10.the Passage 7(2016課標全國Ⅱ) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(識別)those of　1　(great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of　2　(achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow　3　(be)often acceptable. Most of us are more focused　4　our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So,get an early start and try to be as productive　5　possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent　6　(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks　7　(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for　8　while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely　9　(bring)your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is,　10　(make)sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.greater 2.achievement 3.is 4.on 5.as 6.studies 7.regularly 8.a 9.to bring 10.make Passage 8(2016課標全國Ⅲ) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea,　1　 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might　2　(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal　3　(create)special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 　4　(use)twigs(樹枝)to remove it. Over time, 　5　the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which　6　(gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,　7　 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 　8　(develop)of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and　9　(be)too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat　10　their hands. 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　　 答案 1.and 2.be made 3.to create 4.using 5.as/when 6.gradually 7.who 8.development 9.were 10.with Passage 9(2016四川) 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The giant panda　1　(love)by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists　2　(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very　3　(care)mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something　4　(eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural　5　(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 　6　it cried, she rocked it back and fo