補全對話及短文填空(詞或句子)或語法填空含解析(2018年中考英語試題分類匯編第三期)
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補全對話及短文填空(詞或句子)或語法填空含解析(2018 年中考英語試題分類匯編第三期)補全對話及短文填空(詞或句子)或語法填空1.【2018 年四川省宜賓】閱讀下面短文,把A、B、C、D 四個句子填入文中空缺處,使短文內容完整、正確。Once, when the food we ordered at a restaurant arrived, the first thing we wanted to do was to eat right away.___37___ Others want to take at least five photos of their food to share on social media, such as Wechat.___38___ “Foodtography” has been around for longer than one would expect. Take USphotographer Irving Penn (1917-2009) for example. In 1947, Vogue magazine published many food photos taken by Penn. Looking at the carefully put salad ingredients or the cakes on stands(貨 架), it would be easy to think Penn’s 70-year-old photos were taken just last week.Besides Penn’s efforts, it seems that social media is behind the recent rise of foodtography.___39___And the star posts just one delicious-looking food picture with the place where it was taken. It can bring hundreds of new customers for the restaurant.So while it’s fun to share pictures of delicious dishes with your friends, just remember the most important thing: ___40___A. Don’t forget to eat your meal afterwards.B. But now, some people just want to eat their meal.C. Today, a social media star may have thousands of fans. D. In fact, taking pictures before meals is not a recent thing.【答案】37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A【解析】文章講述了現(xiàn)在一些人喜歡在社交媒體上分享美食。39. 根據(jù) And the star posts just one delicious-looking food picture with the place where it was taken. It can bring hundreds of new customers for the restaurant.和選項可知,這里應是今天一個網(wǎng)紅有成千上萬的粉絲;故選 C40. 根據(jù) So while it’s fun to share pictures of delicious dishes with your friends, just remember the most important thing.和選項可知,這里應是不要忘了吃飯,這才是最重要的;故選 A2.【2018 年四川省宜賓】閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)音標、單詞、首字母和語境提示,在每個空格內填入一個適當?shù)膯?詞,要求意義準確、拼寫正確。In China, you can travel to all corners of this big country by bus or train. It’s surprising what China has done in the past ten ___41___(year) in terms of train travel – it now has the___42___ (big) high-speed railway network in ___43___ world. The high-speed trains are great, and a____44____/l??/ train journey in China is a great way to see the country.China is a huge, fascinating country with so much to see. A________45________ a student, I love traveling ________46________ my parents, from big cities, to seaside hot spots, to holy mountains, to national parks, to historical sites and to _______47_______ /sm?:l/ villages far away.________48________ (get) out of your comfortable home here to some unknown places is a good experience as well. And you can eat local food, and_______49_______ (real) reach the heart of the country.I always love traveling outside Yibin to see our ___50___(beauty) country — China.【答案】41. years 42. biggest 43. the 44. long 45. with 46. As 47. small 48. Getting 49. really 50. beautiful【解析】文章講述了現(xiàn)在在中國乘高鐵旅游很方便和作者喜歡去旅游的一些情況。41. 句意:在過去的十年中國在乘火車旅游上做的是很讓人驚訝的。根據(jù) ten 可知用復數(shù);故填 years 42. 句意:現(xiàn)在它有世界上最高速的火車網(wǎng) 。根據(jù)in ___3___ world.可知用最高級;故填 biggest 43. 句意:現(xiàn)在它有世界上最高速的火車網(wǎng) 。根據(jù)in the world 在世界上;故填 the44. 句意:在中國乘火車長途旅游是游覽國家的好方式。根據(jù)/l?? /和形容詞修飾名詞 journey,可知是長的;故填 long 45. 句意:作為一名學生,我喜歡和父母旅游。根據(jù)句意和首字母;故填 As46. 句意:作為一名學生,我喜歡和父母旅游。根據(jù)句意可知是和父母旅游;故填 with47. 句意:從大城市到遙遠的小村莊。根據(jù)音標 /sm?:l/和 villages 可知是小的;故填 small48. 句意:從你的舒服的家里出來,到不知名的地方去也是一個很好地體驗。根據(jù)動詞做句子的主語通常用動名詞和不定式,動名詞做主語通常表示普通的,一般的行為,不定式做主語通常表示某次具體的行為;故填 Getting 49. 句意:你能吃當?shù)氐氖澄?,真正到達祖國的腹地。根據(jù)副詞修飾動詞 reach;故填 really 50. 句意:我總是喜歡去宜賓外旅游,看看我們美麗的國家——中國。根據(jù)形容詞修飾名詞 country;故填 beautiful3.【2018 年浙江省金華】閱讀下面短文,然后根據(jù)括號內所給漢語意思寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞Have you ever heard of “National Smile Month“? It started on the 14th of___36___(五月) in the UK. During this month, people are made to think about the importance of brushing their teeth, ___37___ (吃)less sweet foods and going to see the ____38____ (醫(yī)生)from time to time.The British are___39___(出名的) for their bad teeth. Even a dictionary has the expression“ British Smile”, meaning“ Any smile with bad teeth". ___40___(然而) , in America,the“ Holly wood Smile” gets its name because American movie____41____(明星)are so proud to show off their beautiful teeth.But what about smiling in the UK? Do the British smile a lot, or do they look ____42____(悲傷的)all the time? It's said that the British don't often show their feelings. But actually it all ___43___ (取決于) on the situation. For example, Britain doesn’t ___44___ (允許) smiling in passport photos. But if you are at a party, you'Il find everyone smiling _____45_____(開心地) and loudly.So, the British smile as much as anyone else.【答案】36. May 37. eating/having 38. doctor/doctors 39. well—known 40. However 41. stars 42. sad 43. depends 44. allow 45. happily【解析】短文介紹了英國所設立的“國家微笑月” ,旨在喚起人們對保護牙齒的重視程度。在這個月,人們開始思考刷牙,少吃甜食,經(jīng)常去看醫(yī)生的重要性。36. 句意:在英國,它開始于五月十四日。根據(jù)漢語提示可知,答案為 May。37. 句意:在這個月,人們開始思考刷牙,少吃甜食,經(jīng)常去看醫(yī)生的重要性。the importance of…意思是“……的重要性” ,of 后面的成分為賓語,此處與brushing their teeth 是并列的成分,因此要用動名詞的形式,故答案為 eating/having。40. 句意:然而,在美國, “好萊塢微笑”之所以得名,是因為美國電影明星非常驕傲地炫耀他們美麗的牙齒。根據(jù)漢語提示可知,此處考查連詞 however,表示轉折關系,句首注意首字母大寫,故答案為However。41. 句意:然而,在美國, “好萊塢微笑”之所以得名,是因為美國電影明星非常驕傲地炫耀他們美麗的牙齒。根據(jù) are 判斷,句子的主語為名詞的復數(shù)形式,故答案為 stars。42. 句意:英國人經(jīng)常微笑嗎?或者他們看起來總是很悲傷?look 為系動詞,后跟形容詞作表語,根據(jù)漢語提示可知,答案為 sad。43. 句意:但實際上一切都取決于具體情況。 depend on 依靠,依賴,通過前后句子的時態(tài)判斷,此句的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為第三人稱單數(shù) it,動詞要用三單式,故答案為 depends。44. 句意:英國不允許在護照照片上微笑。allow doing sth.允許做某事,助動詞 doesn’t 后跟動詞原形,故答案為 allow。45. 句意:但是如果你在一個聚會上,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)每個人都開心而大聲地微笑。副詞修飾動詞,根據(jù)漢語提示可知,答案為 happily。點睛:本題考查單詞拼寫,是把單詞放到語篇中去檢測,考查的是學生的綜合理解能力以及對知識的靈活運用能力。學生不僅要理解短文大意,還要具體把握每個單句的意思,根據(jù)漢語提示去判斷所要填入的單詞是否要發(fā)生變化。如第 2 小題是考查動名詞作賓語,而第 6 小題則是考查名詞的復數(shù)形式,第 8 小題是考查動詞的三單形式。需要同學們做這類題時一定要謹慎。4.【2018 年浙江省金華】閱讀下面短文,在空自處填入一個適當?shù)脑~,或填人括號中所給單詞的正確形式。Joseph is a teacher in New York. He gives lessons to ___46___ (he) students about American history. But he was born ___47___Kenya, an African country where the children lead a very different life. For example, a ten-year-old boy may spend___48___ (much)time in taking care of cows than studying at school. The children also learn many ___49___(skill) like how to live in the wild.Unlike many other children, Joseph went to school. And ___50___ (lucky), when he was 15, he came___51___ (study) in America and then became a teacher. Joseph has written ___52___ book called Facing the Lion. In the book, he talks about his childhood. He thinks ___53___ is very important for American children to learn about the cultural differences between their country ___54___the others. He also thinks children should learn to be strong and full of hope. Now Joseph____55____ (do)a project, hoping that it will help children face their own“ lions”.【答案】46. his 47. in 48. more 49. skills 50. luckily 51. to study 52. a 53. it 54. and 55. is doing【解析】短文介紹了一位叫約瑟夫的老師。他出生在非洲的肯尼亞,15 歲的時候,他來到美國學習,后來成為一名教師,給學生們講授美國歷史。他認為了解美國和其他國家的文化差異對美國孩子來說是非常重要。現(xiàn)在正在做一個希望工程。46. 句意:他給學生們講授美國歷史。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞 students,故答案為 his。47. 句意:但他出生在非洲的肯尼亞。Kenya 是非洲的一個國家,在某個國家要用介詞 in,故答案為 in。48. 句意:一個十歲的男孩可能會花更多的時間來照顧奶牛而不是在學校學習。根據(jù)句中的連詞 than 判斷,此句是一個比較級的句子,much 的比較級為more。49. 句意:孩子們也學到了很多技能,比如如何在野外生活。many 后跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式,故答案為skills。50. 句意:幸運的是,當他 15 歲的時候,他來到美國學習,后來成為一名教師。作為一個貧困地區(qū)的孩子有機會到美國學習是幸運的,此處要用副詞來修飾后面的整個句子,故答案為 luckily。51. 句意:幸運的是,當他 15 歲的時候,他來到美國學習,后來成為一名教師。動詞不定式用作目的狀語,到美國是來學習的,故答案為 to come。52. 句意:約瑟夫寫了一本叫《面向獅子》的書。一本叫做……的書,表示泛指,book 是以輔音音素開頭前面用不定冠詞 a。53. 句意:他認為了解美國和其他國家的文化差異對美國孩子來說是非常重要的。it 是省略 that 的賓語從句中的形式主語,后面的動詞不定式是真正的主語。故答案為 it。54. 句意:他認為了解美國和其他國家的文化差異對美國孩子來說是非常重要的。between …and…在……和……之間。結合句意可知,答案為 and。55. 句意:現(xiàn)在約瑟夫正在做一個希望工程。根據(jù)now 判斷,句子的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進行時,其構成為 am / is / are + doing,主語是第三人稱單數(shù),故答案為 is doing。5.【2018 年浙江省紹興中考】閱讀下面短文,然后根據(jù)括號內所給漢語意思寫出單詞的正確形式(每空一詞) 。Curt von Badinski is an engineer of a company in San Francisco.___36___(然而) , his home is in Los Angeles, which is 770 ___37___(英里) away from his workplace, so he has to take a plane work and back.Every workday morning, von Badinski gets up at 5 a.m. for the 15-minute drive to the airport. After___38___停放) his car, he goes straight to take the plane. After a90- minute flight,he___39___ (著陸)atOakland Airport and drives to his company. The ___40___(整個的)trip takes him about 3 hoursVon Badinski pays the airline 2, 300 dollars monthly so that he can fly ___41___(自由地)at any time toand from San FranciscoFlying to work every day is not___42___(容易的)for von Badinski because he can only sleep five hoursevery night, but he believes___43___(沒有什么) could be more important to him than his family. He hadabout several ways to solve the problem,___44___(包括)moving his family to San Francisco, butnone of them worked..The six hour round trip shows that I have the ___45___(能力)to have all the things I want, "heexplains. "I am always excited to start a new day.【答案】36. However 37. miles 38. parking 39. lands 40. whole 41. freely 42. easy 43. nothing 44. including 45. ability【解析】Curt von Badinski 先生在舊金山工作,而他的家在洛杉磯,因此他每天都乘坐飛機上下班,路途上要花費六個小時的時間。盡管這意味著他每天只能睡五個小時,但為了家人他樂意這樣做。36. 句意:然而,他的家在洛杉磯,距離他工作的地點有 770 英里遠,因此他不得不乘坐飛機去工作然后回來。however 然而,表示轉折,是一個副詞,常位于句首或句中,后面有逗號與句子隔開。37. 句意:然而,他的家在洛杉磯,距離他工作的地點有 770 英里遠,因此他不得不乘坐飛機去工作然后回來。mile 英里,是一個名詞。根據(jù)句意和空前的770 可知,這里應用復數(shù)形式,故填 miles。40. 句意:整個旅程花費他大約 3 個小時。whole 整個的,是一個形容詞,放在定冠詞 the 的后面,修飾后面的名詞 trip。41. 句意:Von Badinski 每月付給航空公司 2,300 美元,這樣他就可以在任何時間自由地飛往舊金山或者從舊金山回來。freely 自由地,是一個副詞,修飾句中的動詞 fly。42. 句意:對于 Von Badinski 來說,每天乘坐飛機去上班并不容易,因為他每晚只能睡 5 個小時。easy 容易的,是一個形容詞,空前 is 是系動詞,這里跟形容詞作表語。43. 句意:但是他認為對于他來說沒有什么比他的家人更重要。nothing 沒有什么,是一個否定意思的不定代詞。根據(jù)句子結構可知,believes 后面跟了一個賓語從句,nothing 是從句中的主語。44. 句意:他有很多種方法來解決這個問題,包括把他的家搬到舊金山,但是沒有一個方法管用。include包括,是一個動詞。根據(jù)句子結構可知,這句話中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞 had,這里應填非謂語動詞形式??蘸蟊硎镜氖恰鞍ǖ膬热荨?,這里應用現(xiàn)在分詞including。45. 句意:他解釋說:“每天來回六個小時的旅程表明我有能力擁有我想要的所有東西。 ”ability 能力,是一個名詞。這里使用了固定句型 have the ability to do sth 有能力做某事。 6.【2018 年浙江省紹興中考】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~,或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式。This is Tammela School, a primary school in Finland. The students are having a math class with their robot teacher. The “teacher” is___46___small, blue machine about 25cm high, Reuters reported. Whenever students have problems, it helps them very___47___(patient) and never gets bored.“The robot can make students___48___(active) in class than usual. I see Elias as one of the___49___(tool) to get different kinds of practice and activities into the classroom,” a teacher told Reuters.So far the school___50___(introduce) four robot teachers, one of whom is a language teacher that can speak 23 languages and dance to music. “___51___is necessary to encourage kids to come up___52___new ways to make use of technology in school life,” the head of the school___53___(add) in the interview.The robot teachers are used___54___(help) improve learning. This doesn’t mean that human teachers will lose their jobs. The robots can teach well,___55___they are not able to keep class in order. The school still needs human teachers.【答案】46. a 47. patiently 48. more active 49. tools 50. has introduced 51. It 52. with 53. added 54. to help 55. but【解析】這篇短文給我們介紹了芬蘭的一所小學使用機器人老師上課,讓學生們變得更加活躍、積極,提高了學生們的學習狀態(tài)。但同時機器人老師也有它的不足之處。46. 句意:這個“老師”是一個小的、藍色的機器,大約 25 厘米高。a 不定冠詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),表示泛指“一個…” 。根據(jù)句意和句子結構可知,這個空后的名詞 machine 是單數(shù),且這里表示泛指,故應填 a。47. 句意:不管什么時候學生們有問題,它都會非常耐心的幫助他們,從來不會感到厭煩。patient 有耐心的,是一個形容詞。根據(jù)句子結構可知,這個詞是來修飾句子的謂語動詞 helps 的,應用副詞形式,故這里填 patiently。48. 句意:這個機器人使學生們變得比平常更加的活躍。active 積極的,活躍的,是一個形容詞。根據(jù)句意和句中的 than 可知,這里表示與平時狀態(tài)的一個對比,應用形容詞的比較級形式,故填 more active。49. 句意:我認為 Elias 是一種把實踐和活動融入課堂的工具。tool 工具,是一個名詞。句中使用的句型是 one of…表示“…之一” ,后面跟名詞的復數(shù),故這里填 tools。50. 句意:到目前為止,這個學校已經(jīng)引進了四個機器人老師。introduce 介紹,引進, 是一個動詞。根據(jù)句意和句中的時間狀語 So far 可知,這個短語的意思是“到目前為止” ,常和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)搭配使用,have/has+過去分詞,主語是 the school,為單數(shù),故這里填 has introduced。51. 句意:有必要鼓勵孩子們想出新的辦法在學校生活中利用科技。這句話中使用的是一個固定句型,It is +形容詞+to do sth.做某事是…的,其中 It 是形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式。故這里填 It。52. 句意:有必要鼓勵孩子們想出新的辦法在學校生活中利用科技。這里考查的是一個固定短語 come up with,意思是“想出,提出” ,故這里填介詞 with。53. 句意:校長在采訪中補充說…。add 增加,補充,是一個動詞。根據(jù)文意可知,這個對校長的采訪是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情了,所以這里應用一般過去時態(tài),填過去式 added。54. 句意:機器人老師被用來幫助提高學習。help 幫助,可以做動詞和名詞。這句話中使用了句型 be used to do sth.被用來做某事,因此這里填動詞不定式to help。55. 句意:這些機器人可以教得很好,但是他們不能夠維持課堂秩序。根據(jù)句意可知,空前的 teach well和空后的 they are not able to keep class in order.在意思上是轉折的,故這里填連詞 but,意思是“但是” 。點睛:這篇短文給我們介紹了芬蘭的一所小學使用機器人老師上課,讓學生們變得更加活躍、積極。但同時機器人老師也有它的不足之處。短文內容比較容易理解,題型是語法填空,考查學生們在具體語境中使用語言的能力。做題時,應先通讀全文,掌握大意,然后根據(jù)文意做題。這個題目考查的形式有兩種,一種是在空后給出提示詞,這時我們要注意使用單詞的正確形式。??疾閷嵲~的用法,如名詞的單復數(shù)、動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的詞性轉化以及比較級和最高級的用法等。例如第 2 小題,所給單詞patient 是形容詞,而在句中它是來修飾動詞 helps 的,應用副詞形式,故變?yōu)?patiently。另一中考查形式是沒有給提示詞,這時??疾橐恍┨撛~的用法,如冠詞、介詞、連詞等。例如第 7 小題,考查了固定短語come up with,想出、提出,故這里填 with。- 配套講稿:
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