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1、第二部分第二部分 語(yǔ)法專題突破語(yǔ)法專題突破專題十專題十 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞命題點(diǎn)一命題點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式命題點(diǎn)二命題點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞直擊中考考點(diǎn)【考情概覽【考情概覽】分析近分析近4年云南中考真題可知,非謂語(yǔ)年云南中考真題可知,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為每年的高頻考點(diǎn)。主要在單項(xiàng)填空、完形填動(dòng)詞為每年的高頻考點(diǎn)。主要在單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空和適當(dāng)形式填空題型中考查動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式空和適當(dāng)形式填空題型中考查動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式的固定搭配,如的固定搭配,如enjoy, mind, finish, encourage, make, tell等。等。 動(dòng)詞不定式(動(dòng)詞不定式(4年年3考考10次次)1. 動(dòng)詞不
2、定式的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成 不定式的基本形式為:不定式的基本形式為:to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以省略省略to,這里的,這里的to是不定式符號(hào),本身無(wú)詞義,動(dòng)是不定式符號(hào),本身無(wú)詞義,動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是在其前面加詞不定式的否定形式是在其前面加not??键c(diǎn)精講命題點(diǎn)一命題點(diǎn)一直擊中考考點(diǎn)2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能(1)作賓語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的常見搭配:動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的常見搭配:would like/want to do 想要做(想要做(共共2次)次)used to do 過(guò)去過(guò)去常常(常常(共共2次)次)agree to do同意做同意做hope/w
3、ish to do希望做希望做decide to do決定做決定做try to do盡力做盡力做begin/start to do開始做開始做expect to do期望做期望做refuse to do拒絕做拒絕做afford to do有能力做有能力做learn to do學(xué)習(xí)做學(xué)習(xí)做plan to do計(jì)劃做計(jì)劃做(2015昆明昆明69題)題)prefer to do更喜歡做更喜歡做continue to do繼續(xù)做繼續(xù)做promise to do承諾做承諾做happen to do碰巧做碰巧做manage to do設(shè)法做設(shè)法做prepare to do準(zhǔn)備做準(zhǔn)備做注意:注意: find
4、, think, make, believe等動(dòng)詞后常用等動(dòng)詞后常用it作作形式賓語(yǔ)而把不定式短語(yǔ)放在后面。如:形式賓語(yǔ)而把不定式短語(yǔ)放在后面。如: I find it necessary to get a map while traveling. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在旅游時(shí)帶張地圖很有必要。我發(fā)現(xiàn)在旅游時(shí)帶張地圖很有必要。省略省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式的固定短語(yǔ)與常見句型:的動(dòng)詞不定式的固定短語(yǔ)與常見句型:搭配搭配/ /句型句型例句例句had better (not) do.Youd better not stay there today. 你你今天最好別待在那兒。今天最好別待在那兒。would rather
5、 do .I would rather stay in the room. 我寧我寧愿待在房間里。愿待在房間里。prefer to do rather than do.I prefer to stay at home rather than go outside in summer. 在夏天,我寧在夏天,我寧愿待在家里也不愿出去。愿待在家里也不愿出去。搭配搭配/ /句型句型例句例句Why dont sb. do .?Why not do.?Why dont you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 為什么不給她買個(gè)相冊(cè)
6、呢?為什么不給她買個(gè)相冊(cè)呢?Could/Would/Will you please (not) do.?Would you please close the door? 你你能把門關(guān)上嗎?能把門關(guān)上嗎?Lets do.Lets find the differences between the two articles! 讓我們找出這兩篇讓我們找出這兩篇文章的不同點(diǎn)吧!文章的不同點(diǎn)吧!(2)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見搭配:動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見搭配:tell sb. (not) to do告訴某人告訴某人(不要不要)做做ask sb. (not) to do要求
7、某人要求某人(不要不要)做做(2012西西版納州版納州78題)題)wish sb. to do希希望某人做望某人做invite sb. to do邀請(qǐng)某人做邀請(qǐng)某人做want sb. to do想要某人做想要某人做teach sb. to do教某人做教某人做allow sb. to do允許某人做允許某人做force sb. to do強(qiáng)迫某人做強(qiáng)迫某人做expect sb. to do期望某人做期望某人做help sb. to do幫幫助某人做助某人做advise sb. to do建議某人做建議某人做persuade sb. to do勸告某人勸告某人做做lead sb. to do.帶
8、領(lǐng)某人做帶領(lǐng)某人做.prefer sb. to do寧愿某人做寧愿某人做.expect sb. to do.希望某人做希望某人做.如:如: Tina told her sister to turn down the TV. 蒂娜讓蒂娜讓她姐姐把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)。她姐姐把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)。注意:注意: 還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓語(yǔ),這時(shí)不定式要省略作賓語(yǔ),這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有:一感。這些動(dòng)詞有:一感(feel)、二聽、二聽(hear, listen to)、三讓、三讓(let, make, have)、四看四看(look at,
9、see, watch, notice)。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)必。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)必須要加上須要加上to。如:。如:Our English teacher was seen to enter the office by me just now. = I saw our English teacher enter the office just now. 剛才我看到我們的英語(yǔ)老師走進(jìn)辦公剛才我看到我們的英語(yǔ)老師走進(jìn)辦公室了。室了。 感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程;而時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程;而接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)
10、,則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如:接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí),則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如:I often see him play basketball on the playground. 我我經(jīng)??匆娝诓賵?chǎng)上打籃球。經(jīng)??匆娝诓賵?chǎng)上打籃球。When I passed the classroom, I heard a girl singing in it. 當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)教室的時(shí)候,我聽到一個(gè)女孩在里面當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)教室的時(shí)候,我聽到一個(gè)女孩在里面唱歌。唱歌。(3)作目的狀語(yǔ)()作目的狀語(yǔ)(2015云南云南71題;題;2012玉溪玉溪68題題) 動(dòng)詞不定式可作狀語(yǔ),主要表示目的,其邏輯動(dòng)詞不定式可作狀語(yǔ),主要表示目的,其邏輯
11、主語(yǔ)通常要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如:主語(yǔ)通常要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如:He hurried back home to fetch his schoolbag. 他急忙他急忙返回家去取書包。返回家去取書包。(4)作主語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ) 不定式作主語(yǔ)往往用形式主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)往往用形式主語(yǔ)it代替,作為句子代替,作為句子真正主語(yǔ)的不定式則被后置。常用句型:真正主語(yǔ)的不定式則被后置。常用句型:Its +adj. +(for/of) sb. to do sth.。如:。如:Its nice of you to take pictures for us. 你為我們拍照你為我們拍照片真是太好了。片真是太好了。注意:注意
12、:在在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后,不用容詞后,不用for而用而用of。如:。如:Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。你幫助我真是太好啦。(5)動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞)動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞what, which, how, where, when等連用。如:等連用。如:Students should learn how to solve problems. 學(xué)生應(yīng)學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)如何解決問(wèn)題。該學(xué)會(huì)如何解決問(wèn)題。考點(diǎn)沖關(guān)1. Its easy for local people _ va
13、rious goods in Sunnyside Shopping Mall. (choose)to choose2. Our teachers often tell us _ down first when we are in danger. (calm)3. When you leave, please turn off the light _ energy. A. save B. saving C. saved D. to save4. What would you like _ for your mum on Mothers Day? A dress. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buysto calmDC