2018年中考英語真題分類匯編--閱讀理解--熱點話題附解析

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2018 年中考英語真題分類匯編-- 閱讀理解--熱點話題附解析專項訓(xùn)練十四 熱點話題時間：8～10 分鐘/篇 分值：2 分/小題Passage 1(2018 永州)流行詞——點贊、任性、秒殺、土豪As the Internet is developing fast, more and more new words and phrases have been created in Chinese. Here are some examples.One of the most popular words is Dianzan, which is often used when you quite agree with someone. Another example is Renxing. When you say somebody is Renxing, you mean that they will do whatever they like. The phrase Miaosha first came from online shopping, which means you can complete your shopping orders before others. But now it's widely used when you achieve your purpose in a very short time. If you describe somebody as a Tuhao, you mean that he is very rich.You can find lots of such new Chinese words. Keep learning and you'll know more about Chinese culture.( )1. When you quite agree with someone, you may say________．A. Renxing B. Miaosha C. Dianzan( )2. What does Renxing mean in English?A. Someone can complete his/her shopping orders before others.B. Someone will do whatever he/she likes.C. He/She is very rich.( )3. How many kinds of Internet language are mentioned in thepassage?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.( )4. What does the underlined word “purpose” mean in Chinese?A. 目標(biāo) B. 討論 C. 成功( )5. Which of the following is Right according to the passage?A. Now, fewer and fewer words and phrases have been created in Chinese.B. Miaosha has been created two meanings in Chinese.C. You can find lots of new Chinese words without learning.Passage 2(2018 婁底)“20 國集團”峰會在杭州舉行Hangzhou, the capital of East China's Zhejiang Province, is one of China's finest and most popular tourist places. The city is ready to hold the two-day 2018 G20 Summit(“20 國集團”峰會) from September 4.The city has been trying its best to greet the coming Summit. The new hotels for Chinese and foreign leaders, as well as the rebuilding and improvement of some old streets, are almost finished. The riverbanks(河岸) of the Qiantang River are made much more beautiful with colorful lights.We saw the 100-day countdown(倒計時) on May 27, 2018. More than 5，000 staff(工作人員) and volunteers are preparing for the summit.( )1. From the passage, we can know that Hangzhou is________．A. the capital of East ChinaB. the biggest city in ChinaC. one of the most famous places for the Chinese tourists( )2. When will the 2016 G20 Summit end in Hangzhou?A. September 2. B. September 4. C. September 5.( )3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Chinese and foreign leaders will live in new hotels when attending the Summit.B. Hangzhou is trying to rebuild all the old streets.C. Hangzhou is becoming more and more beautiful now.( )4. How many staff and volunteers are getting prepared for the Summit?A. Over 5，000. B. Less than 5，000. C. More than 500.( )5. Where does this reading material most probably come from?A. A story book. B. A newspaper. C. A text book.Passage 3(2018 濱州)二孩政策的好處China is a great country with the largest population in the world. In order to solve the population problem，our government carried_out one-child policy (政策) before. When it is carried out for some time, many people not only see its advantages but also disadvantages.From 2018, two-child policy is put into effect. In my opinion, two-child policy is good. First of all, two-child policy is the gift for some only child. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child. Besides the loneliness of their child，when their child grows up and they grow older, their child marry an only child girl, the burden (負擔(dān)) on their child and his wife is too heavy. Their child and his wife have to take care of two couples. Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult. But if their parents have two children, they can share the burden of taking care of their parents. It would be much better. Secondly, two-child policy can guarantee (保證) the number of Chinese population.All in all, one-child policy has been out of date. And two-child policy is needed and necessary. It can solve the problems of nowadays (現(xiàn)在) and the future.( )1. Which country has the largest population in the world?A. America. B. Britain. C. China. D. Japan.( )2. The underlined phrase “carried_out”in Paragraph 1 means “________” in Chinese.A. 攜帶 B. 取消 C. 禁止 D. 實行( )3. Our government carried out one-child policy before in order to ________．A. solve the population problemB. take care of two old couplesC. share the burden of taking care of their parentsD. argue that two-child policy should be put into effect( )4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. One-child policy has its advantages and disadvantages.B. It's easy for a young couple to look after an old couple.C. China is a great country with the largest population in the world.D. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child before 2018.( )5. What's the main idea of this passage?A. Two-child policy is needed and necessary.B. Our government carried out one-child policy.C. Two-child policy is the gift for some only child.D. Two-child policy can guarantee the number of Chinese population.Passage 4(2018 咸寧)“9 頁手繪步驟”教父母玩微信Zhang Ming, a college student from Shandong, created a 9-page “WeChat guide”. With drawings and simple words, the step-by-step guide explains how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. “My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology， ” he said.Zhang's experience is common nowadays. Worldwide, 40 percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, from their children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2014.Parents used to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers.The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology, says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and other forms of media give children ways to get information besides from asking older generations(長輩). Therefore, in the age of information, it's possible that children know more than their parents do.According to the China Internet Network Information Center(CINIC), 56.7 percent of Internet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generation usually acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou.In Zhang Ming's eyes, teaching his parents about WeChat brings him closer to his parents. “People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out？” said Zhang.( )1. According to the passage, Zhang's parents can't ________ with the “WeChat guide”．A. make video calls B. send messagesC. grab the red envelopes D. take pictures( )2. Why does children know more than their parents do nowadays?A. Because parents teach the children about almost everything.B. Because children can ask more older generations for help.C. Because parents are getting old.D. Because children can get more information by using new technologies.( )3. What does the underlined word “l(fā)ink” in paragraph 5 mean?A. teacher B. connection C. treasure D. conversation( )4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Zhang Ming's “WeChat guide” is made up of drawings and simple words.B. 40% of parents learn about new technologies from their children all over the world in 2014.C. 56.7% of social media users in China are under 30 according to the CINIC.D. Zhang Ming thinks that we should encourage our parents to use more new technologies.( )5. What's the best title of the passage?A. Ways of using new technology B. Kids can also teach parentsC. How parents connect to the world D. Ways to get informationPassage 5(2018 荊州)人工智能——AlphaGoWho is smarter, human being or artificial intelligence(AI, 人工智能)? The question swept the world a few months ago. In March 2018, AlphaGo, an AI program developed by Google, had the Go(圍棋) match with Lee Sedol, a South Korean Go player. He is the world top player of this old Chinese game.In October 2015, AlphaGo became the first computer program to beat a professional(職業(yè)的)human Go player. And this time, it beat Lee Sedol 4－1.In fact, before the match, most people believed that Lee would certainly be the winner, because they didn't think that AI was good enough to beat the human mind. However, the result was disappointing. As a machine, AlphaGo would never get tired, while Lee Sedol was only a human and humans must have some weaknesses.AlphaGo's wins over a human champion(冠軍) show that computers can do more difficult tasks. Some people may worry whether computers are now smart enough to beat us at everything. But scientists say that is not the case. Real life problems can be more difficult than the Go game. Thomas Johnson, a scientist of AI said, “It's not hard to get a computer program to remember and produce facts. What is hard is getting computers to use knowledge in everyday situation.” And we believe we can use the technology of AI to improve the world.( )1. The match between AlphaGo and Lee Sedol is mentioned at the beginning of the article mainly to ________．A. get the reader to think about AIB. draw the reader's attention to AlphaGoC. show how AI is usually testedD. tell the reader AI has over the human brain( )2. What was the result of the match?A. Google program beat AlphaGo. B. Lee Sedol won AlphaGo 4－1.C. Lee Sedol was beaten. D. Neither side won the match.( )3. —Why did most people believe Lee would be the winner?—Because ________．A. computers had weaknesses and also got tiredB. AlphaGo only beat a human Go player onceC. the Go game was invented by Chinese peopleD. computers were not so smart as a human( )4. What does Thomas Johnson probably agree with?A. AI does better than humans in every situation.B. It's hard for AI to beat the human at everything.C. The development of AI could be harmful one day.D. AI should be used to help us make difficult decisions.Passage 6(2018 荊門)如何應(yīng)對校園暴力？Every school seems to have a “bully”(欺凌). In fact, bullying goes on in schools all over the world. Bullying is a common situation at school. We need to get to know more about bullying.Who gets picked on(被選擇)? Bullies pick on people they think don't fit in—someone who “l(fā)ooks different” or isn't as “smart” or as “rich”. For example, shy kids often get picked on because of their characters. Physically hitting someone is the most obvious(明顯的) form of bullying, but insulting(侮辱), gossiping(說閑話) and making fun of others are also usual forms of bullying.What can you do to stop bullying? If you are the bully, think about how your actions hurt others. You can't build yourself up by putting others down. When you're feeling stressed or angry, find acceptable ways to deal with your frustrations.If you are the victim(受害者), tell a trusted adult and get some help. Many times adults can find ways to solve the problem. Here is some wise advice:●Ignore(忽略) the bully and walk away.●Hold your temper(脾氣). Maybe the bully wants you to explode(發(fā)怒)．●Don't fight physically. It may lead to more violence(暴力)．●Practice confidence even if you have to pretend it.●Talk with parents or teachers about it. They are sure to help you solve the problem.●Make true friends at school. That may be helpful.( )1. According to the passage, what's going on at school in the world?A. Being late. B. Bullying.C. Being angry. D. Fighting with teachers.( )2. Who may be bullied at school easily?A. The person who is smart. B. The person who doesn't gossip.C. The person who is shy. D. The person who often gossips.( )3. As a student, how can you stop bullying?A. Think less about the results of your actions.B. Build yourself up by insulting others.C. Deal with your frustrations by fighting with others.D. Deal with your stress or anger in acceptable ways.( )4. What can a student do to avoid being a victim?A. Don't ignore the bully and face it.B. Don't talk to parents about it directly.C. Make more good friends at school.D. Fight physically if he or she can't hold temper.Passage 7(2018 濱州)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺“曬食物”的壞處We can't remember clearly since when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once a dish comes, instead of lifting our chopsticks, we take out our mobiles and click. Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “l(fā)iked”. Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal, to see whether we get “l(fā)iked” or not.We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal.Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you?A recent study suggests that what we are used to doing is not so good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, __▲__. So, why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food in front of you?Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will not be able to control himself and check his mobile many times. “Does everyone like my photos? I hope a lot of people like them！” It seems that your mobile secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people.So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends, how about not taking photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people around you. Trust me, it will be a wonderful time.( )1. From the passage, what happens a lot at the dinner table nowadays?A. People talk about their Weibo or WeChat.B. People learn from each other how to cook dishes.C. People like taking photos with friends or families.D. People take photos of food and post them before eating.( )2.Which of the following can be put in the __▲__ in Paragraph 3?A. the less cheerful they becameB. the less delicious the food seemed to themC. the more interested they were in the foodD. the more “l(fā)iked” they got on Weibo or WeChat( )3.What does the fourth paragraph talk about?A. The reasons for checking your mobiles.B. The ways of posting the photos onto the Internet.C. The tips(提示)of making others like your photos on the Weibo.D. Some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals.( )4. Which of the following is the writer's opinion?A. We take our mobiles and click when a dish comes.B. We check our mobiles from time to time during the meal.C. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.D. Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food.( )5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Take photos of food in order to have a wonderful life.B. Take photos of delicious food and share them with others.C. Remember to have dinner with our family and friends at home.D. Enjoy the life with people around us instead of taking photos of food.Passage 8(2018 泰州)表情符號受歡迎Have you found that more and more people are using emojis to communicate online? For example, “Happy Birthday” has become a cake with lit candles. And “I am happy” has become a smiling face.Emojis have been warmly welcomed since they were invented in the 1990s in Japan. According to a survey of a mobile technology company, 6 billion emojis are used in text messages around the world every day. Last year, 20 percent of all emojis used in the UK and 17 percent of those used in the US was the icon . It became the most widely-used icon in 2015.Emojis are now used as “a new form of expression”， and one which can cross language barriers(障礙). “Emojis are popular among millennials,_who were born between late 1980s and early 2000s, because they welcome new technology and new things and they think emojis are ‘flexible(靈活的 ) and show meanings beautifully’”， president of Oxford Dictionaries told The Wall Street Joural.Since millennials became the biggest part in the American workforce(勞動力), emojis have been more accepted in the workplace. For many people, the tiny pictures also show that the users are part of mainstream(主流) society. In the digital age, emojis are “how most people communicate and show their personality many times every day.”But not everyone thinks the use of emojis is a good thing. Jonathan Jones of The Guardian said that the success of emojis is “a step back for humans”， hurting people's ability to use languages.“There are strict limits on what you can say with pictures—the written word is necessary to express your ideas and feelings to their highest level.” he said.Do you feel or about emojis?( )1. What emoji is “Happy Birthday” according to the passage?A. B. C. D. ( )2. Where were emojis invented?A. In Japan. B. In China. C. In the UK. D. In the US.( )3. What does the underlined word “millennials” is the 3rd paragraphmean in Chinese?A. 80 后 B. 00 后 C. 獨生子女 D. 千禧一代( )4. Why are emojis popular among millennials?A. Because emojis limit what they say with pictures.B. Because they think emojis are a step back for humans.C. Because 6 billion emojis are used in text messages every day.D. Because young people are easily attracted by new technology and new things.( )5. The writer makes us learn about the emojis in Paragraph 2 by ________.A. telling stories B. explaining the word “emojis”C. listing numbers D. making comparisons(比較)Passage 9(2018 淄博)加拿大森林大火引發(fā)全社會救援On May 1, a wildfire started in a forest near the Alberta town of Fort McMurray in Canada. Within two days, the fire grew larger and the people who lived in Fort McMurray had to leave their homes. While there have been very few people injured(傷害) by the large fire itself, it has been harmful to the community.Canadians in other places have been helping by sending money and donations to the Red Cross. Many people in Alberta have taken in people from Fort McMurray, letting them stay in their homes for free until the fire is put out. Many firefighters are needed to fight the fire and some of them have come from other parts of Canada to help. The brave firefighters were able to save 25，000 homes as well as the hospital and all of the town's schools, according to CBC news.There have been thousands of other acts of kindness towards the people of Fort McMurray. Some musicians, such as Great Big Sea's Alan Doyle, are holding special concerts, with the money going to Fort McMurray people. And companies have been helping, as well. Beer-maker Labatt filled thousands of cans with water—instead of beer—and sent them to the people in Fort McMurray.The fire is huge, spreading over more than 229，000 hectares(公頃), but firefighters say they believe they are starting to get it under control—it is becoming smaller instead of spreading.( )1. How many people have been injured by the large fire itself?A. 25，000. B. Very few. C. 229，000. D. Many.( )2. In this passage, the underlined word “donations” means ________．A. 捐贈物 B. 禮物 C. 吉祥物 D. 農(nóng)作物( )3. What did beer-maker Labatt do for the people in Fort McMurray?A. He sent money to the people in Fort McMurry.B. He held a concert and gave the money to the people in Fort McMurray.C. He took in people from Fort McMurray and let them stay in his home for free.D. He filled thousands of cans with water and sent them to the people in Fort McMurray.( )4. What is the passage mainly about?A. A big fire in Fort McMurray of Canada.B. The people in Fort McMurray of Canada.C. The firefighters in Fort McMurray of Canada.D. The musicians in Fort McMurray of Canada., 小 詞 典)1．riverbank n. 河岸 2.countdown n．倒計時3．staff n. 工作人員 4.policy n. 政策5．burden n. 負擔(dān) 6.guarantee v．保證7．older generation 長輩 8.champion n．冠軍9．bully n．欺凌 10.obvious